scholarly journals Emergence of the First Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak Among Livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2016.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Nurkuisa Rametov ◽  
Kuandyk Zhugunissov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Assylbek Zhanabayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The Republic ◽  
West Kazakhstan

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of cattle originating from the African continent. Here we describe the first LSD outbreak reported in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in July 2016. Initially, LSD was reported in a cattle farm located 49 km from Kazakh –Russian border in, Atyrau Oblast in West Kazakhstan. Subsequently, the disease spread to neighbouring farms situated within the same district. Following a preliminary investigation, the local State Veterinary Service declared a strict quarantine according to the State Contingency Plan, along with immediate total stamping out and cattle movement restrictions. During the outbreak, the number of affected cattle within an epidemiological unit reached 459 cattle out of registered 3557 susceptible cattle with 12.90% morbidity and 0.96%, mortality. This manuscript presents the epidemiological situation, the diagnosis, the control measures including mass vaccination and the stamping out campaign.s

scholarly journals Lumpy skin disease in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhit B. Orynbayev ◽  
Raikhan K. Nissanova ◽  
Berik M. Khairullin ◽  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Kunsulu D. Zakarya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gpcr Gene ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThis study describes the registration of the first cases of lumpy skin disease in July 2016 in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the rural district of Makash, Kurmangazinsky district of Atyrau region, 459 cattle fell ill and 34 died (morbidity 12.9% and mortality 0.96%). To determine the cause of the disease, samples were taken from sick and dead animals, as well as from insects and ticks. LSDV DNA was detected by PCR in all samples from dead animals and ticks (Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma asiaticum), in 14.29% of samples from horseflies (Tabanus bromius), and in one of the samples from two Stomoxys calcitrans flies. The reproductive LSD virus was isolated from organs of dead cattle and insects in the culture of LT and MDBK cells. The virus accumulated in cell cultures of LT and MDBK at the level of the third passage with titers in the range of 5.5–5.75 log 10 TCID50/cm3. Sequencing of the GPCR gene allowed us to identify this virus as a lumpy skin disease virus.

Risk Factors Associated with Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle In West Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Kaissar Kushaliyev ◽  
Nurzhan Abekeshev ◽  
Wassie Molla ◽  
Nurgisa Rametov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
West Kazakhstan

Epizootic features and control measures for lumpy skin disease in south‐east Serbia in 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2087-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Manić ◽  
Marko Stojiljković ◽  
Miloš Petrović ◽  
Jakov Nišavić ◽  
Dragan Bacić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Lumpy skin disease in southern Africa : a review of the disease and aspects of control

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hunter ◽  
D. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Strain Vaccine ◽  
Successful Control

This article reviews some of the important aspects of lumpy skin disease (LSD) that may impact on its successful control. A resurgence of the disease in the last decade has highlighted some constraints of the Neethling strain vaccine, but there is no evidence of vaccine breakdowns owing to the presence of heterologous field strains. More research is needed on epidemiology and transmission of LSD in South Africa to formulate control measures.

scholarly journals Hematological and serum biochemical findings in clinical cases of cattle naturally infected with lumpy skin disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameeh M Abutarbush
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Introduction: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease of cattle that is currently emerging in the Middle East region and poses a serious threat to Europe and the rest of the world. The objective of this study was to describe hematological and serum biochemical findings associated with natural clinical infection of LSD in cattle. Methodology: A total of 129 animals clinically infected with LSD were enrolled in the study. Venous blood sample were collected from study animals, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Results: Leukocytopenia was found in 8.7%, while leucocytosis was found in 18.2% of affected cattle. Decreased hematocrit concentration was seen in 18.3%. Most affected cattle had reduced mean corpuscular volume (43.7%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (14.3%), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (11.5%). All cattle with abnormal platelets count had thrombocytopenia. Hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperalbuminemia were found in 69%, 59.6%, and 37.2% of affected cattle, respectively. Decreased creatinine concentration was seen in 65.8%. Hyperkalemia and hyperchloremia was found in 9.6% and 10.4% of the affected cattle, respectively. Conclusions: LSD appears to be associated with inflammatory leukogram, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, decreased creatinine concentration, hyperchloramia, and hyperkalemia. These are likely due to the associated severe inflammatory process and disease complications such as anorexia and reduced muscle mass. This is the first study that documents hematological and serum biochemical findings associated with LSD infection. Understanding the blood profile picture may give further insight to the pathogenesis of the disease and help in treatment of individual cattle.

scholarly journals Nodular dermatitis (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
I.A. Puntus ◽  
◽  
V.A. Babak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
Heterologous Virus ◽  
The Republic

The paper discusses the topic of the spread of a highly contagious transboundary emergent viral disease of cattle, nodular dermatitis; describes its etiology, epizootological data, pathogenesis, clinical signs and pathological changes, features of the course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment; the high growth rate of countries where the disease is registered is noted. The Republic of Kazakhstan is among them. The authors paid special attention to the significant economic damage caused by lumpy skin disease, as well as to the effectiveness of various schemes and methods of combating the disease, including stamping out, and in particular to specific prevention using two types of vaccines: heterologous virus vaccines, containing strains of sheeppox virus, and live attenuated virus vaccines from the Neethling strain.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaccination with Live Attenuated Neethling Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine on Milk Production and Mortality—An Analysis of 77 Dairy Farms in Israel

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Morgenstern ◽  
Eyal Klement
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Cattle Farms

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, arthropod borne viral disease of cattle. Vaccination by the live attenuated homologous Neethling vaccine was shown as the most efficient measure for controlling LSD. However, adverse effects due to vaccination were never quantified in a controlled field study. The aim of this study was to quantify the milk production loss and mortality due to vaccination against LSD. Daily milk production, as well as culling and mortality, were retrieved for 21,844 cows accommodated in 77 dairy cattle farms in Israel. Adjusted milk production was calculated for each day during the 30 days post vaccination. This was compared to the preceding month by fitting mixed effects linear models. Culling and mortality rates were compared between the 60 days periods prior and post vaccination, by survival analysis. The results of the models indicate no significant change in milk production during the 30 days post vaccination period. No difference was observed between the pre- and post-vaccination periods in routine culling, as well as in immediate culling and in-farm mortality. We conclude that adverse effects due to Neethling vaccination are negligible.

scholarly journals Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Machado ◽  
F. Korennoy ◽  
J. Alvarez ◽  
C. Picasso-Risso ◽  
A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by arthropod vectors which results in substantial economic losses due to impact on production efficiency and profitability, and represents an emerging threat to international trade of livestock products and live animals. Since 2015, the disease has spread across many Eastern European countries as well as Russia and Kazakhstan. This rapid expansion highlights the emergent nature of the virus in more temperate regions than those in which LSDV traditionally occurred. The goal of this study was to assess the risk for further LSDV spread in Eurasia through a) analysis of environmental factors conducive for LSDV and b) estimate of the underlying LSDV risk using a fine spatiotemporally explicit Bayesian hierarchical model on LSDV outbreak occurrence information. We used ecological niche modeling to estimate the potential distribution of LSDV outbreaks for 2014-2016. This analysis resulted in a spatial representation of environmental limits where, if introduced, LSDV is expected to efficiently spread. The Bayesian space-time model incorporated both environmental factors and the changing spatiotemporal distribution of the disease to capture the dynamics of disease spread and predict areas in which there is an increased risk of LSDV occurrence. Variables related to the average temperature, precipitation, wind speed, as well as land cover and host densities were found to be important drivers explaining the observed distribution of LSDV in both modeling approaches. Areas of elevated LSDV risks were identified mainly in Russia, Turkey, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Results suggest that prevailing ecological conditions may be compatible with further spread of LSDV in Eurasia, though models should be continually updated to reflect the current epidemiologic conditions. The results presented here advance our understanding of the ecological requirements of LSDV in temperate regions and may help in the design and implementation of prevention and surveillance strategies in the region.

scholarly journals Occurrences of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Cattle in Dinajpur Sadar of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Sumon Sarkar ◽  
Mirza Mienur Meher ◽  
Mst Misrat Masuma Parvez ◽  
Mahfuza Akther
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Level Information

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease infectious of cattle and recently emerged very common in Bangladesh causing economic losses. Hence, this study was design to investigate the prevalence of LSD in considering the herd level and some of management status. Thus, a total of 453 sick animals were subjected to study during the period of April 2020 to July 2020 in Dinajpur. LSD was confirmed according to the clinical inspection and microscopic study of skin scraping. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of LSD was 41.06% in cattle. Moreover, the local breed (75%) and young cattle less than one year (64%) were significantly (p<0.001) higher for LSD with the significant (p<0.001) skin lesions in whole body (44%). In addition, the animal grazed in flock (61%), non-dewormed (58%), non-vaccinated (61%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher for LSD. In the same way, 75% prevalence was in without fly repellent (p<0.001). Afterward, the univariate logistic regression in herd level information had the odd ratio of local breed (95% CI: 0.244-0.553), skin lesions in abdominal regions (95% CI: 1.620-5.923) and pregnant cattle (95% CI: 1.057-3.386) was 0.367, 3.098 and 1.892 respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD outbreaks. Besides this, the odd ratio of dewormed cattle, vaccinated, individually grazed, regular use of disinfectant and fly repellent farm animal was 1.493 (95% CI:1.024-2.177), 1.491 (95% CI:1.020-2.180), 1.656 (95% CI:1.133-2.421), 1.516 (95% CI:0.952-2.414) and 1.660 (95% CI:1.097-2.513), respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD. Therefore, LSD infection can be greatly reduced by practicing regular vaccination, deworming, and disinfection, vector controlling and allowing grazing individually, especially with great concern to young female cattle of local breed. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 445-455,  December 2020

Risk analysis of lumpy skin disease in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Baris Ince ◽  
Serkan Çakir ◽  
Mehmet Ali Dereli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Control

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Turkish cattle appeared suddenly two years ago. This study evaluates potential risks of LSD and recommends appropriate control measures. The World Animal Health Organization’s protocol was used for the risk analysis. Likelihoods for disease release and exposure were estimated with a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Outbreaks were recorded in nine provinces in Turkey. Total economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be $241.903.500 US dollars. The risk analysis suggests a greater than negligible risk. Therefore, disease prevention and control strategies should be considered by the Turkish Veterinary Authority.

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