scholarly journals Islands with Zero Net Carbon Footprint due to Electricity Use. The Case of Crete, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Under Construction

European islands are pioneers in the development of renewable energy technologies. Aim of the current research is to investigate the possibility of zeroing the net annual carbon emissions due to electricity generation in the island of Crete, Greece. Crete, with population 634,930 permanent residents, has abundant solar and wind energy resources while electricity generation from solar-PV systems and wind farms is highly profitable. The electric grid of Crete was autonomous so far but currently its interconnection with the grid of continental Greece is under construction. This will allow soon the transfer of large amounts of electricity between Crete and the mainland. When excess electricity will be generated by solar and wind energy systems in the island it could be transferred in mainland and vice-versa. Carbon neutrality due to electricity generation in Crete can be achieved with local generation of “green solar and wind electricity” combined with electricity transfer via two electric cables with the mainland. Annual electricity generation in Crete is currently at 3,043 GWh while 21.22% of it is generated by renewable energies. Carbon emissions due to electricity generation are calculated at 3.22 tnCO2/capita. It has been estimated that the required size of solar-PV systems generating annually the electricity currently produced by fossil fuels in Crete is at 1,698 MWp while their cost is at 2.04 bil. €. The required size of wind farms generating annually the electricity currently produced by fossil fuels is at 950.6 MWel while their cost is at 0.914 bil. €. It is concluded that carbon neutrality due to electricity generation in Crete is technically and economically feasible.

A tes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
IJE Manager
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
A Site ◽  
Selection Methodology

In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation.

ASSESSING THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF PROMOTING BIOMASS GROWTH AND THE USE OF BIOENERGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350003 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMMY LUNDGREN ◽  
PER-OLOV MARKLUND
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Balanced Measure ◽  
Positive Climate

Using a growth model that accounts for environmental and climate externalities, we take a closer look at the welfare effects of promoting biomass growth and the use of bioenergy, and especially the role of carbon neutrality. As an illustration, a hypothetical intensive forest cultivation project is simulated. Costs and benefits of the project show that only determining the postive effects of promoting biomass growth and the use of bioenergy, such as substitution away from fossil fuels and carbon sequestration is not sufficient. But more importantly, to achieve a balanced measure of the effects on the climate, we must also incorporate all carbon emissions that are associated with bioenergy. Not doing so will over-estimate the positive climate effects of increasing the use of bioenergy.

scholarly journals Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Manoel Fortunato Sobrinho Junior ◽  
Maria Carolina Ramirez Hernandez ◽  
Sthenia Santos Albano Amora ◽  
Elis Regina Costa de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

In recent years, wind power in Brazil has emerged as an alternative to diversify the country′s energy mix and minimize the emission of pollutants derived from fossil fuels. The state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Brazilian Northeast, has considerable potential for the generation of wind energy due to the occurrence of strong winds in many areas along the coast and in the interior of the state, in places with higher altitudes. However, wind energy, despite being considered clean and renewable, can cause environmental impacts in those places. Thus, the present study analyzed the perception of environmental impacts caused by the installation of wind farms in the agricultural areas of Northeast Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Serra do Mel, in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, based on a survey of local farmers. The study concluded that farmers live without major problems and without apparent conflicts with wind farms but have little knowledge about the environmental impacts. In the perception of most farmers, there are few negative environmental impacts, and those that exist are barely noticed or still do not cause damage to most farmers in the region.

scholarly journals Solar Assisted Power Generation System in Hot Desert Climate: A Cost-Benefit Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Alahmadi ◽  
◽  
Kamel Almutairi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems

With the increasing global concerns about greenhouse gas emissions caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels, many countries are investing in the deployment of clean energy sources. The utilization of abundant solar energy is one of the fastest growing deployed renewable sources due its technological maturity and economic competitivity. In addition to report from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), many studies have suggested that the maturity of solar energy systems will continue to develop, which will increase their economic viability. The focus of analysis in this paper is countries with hot desert climates since they are the best candidates for solar energy systems. The capital of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh is used as the case study due to the country’s ambitious goals in this field. The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the stochastic behavior and probabilistic distribution of solar irradiance in order to accurately estimate the expected power output of solar systems. A solar Photovoltaic (PV) module is used for the analysis due to its practicality and widespread use in utility-scale projects. In addition to the use of a break-even analysis to estimate the economic viability of solar PV systems in hot desert climates, this paper estimates the indifference point at which the economic feasibility of solar PV systems is justified, compared with the fossil-based systems. The numerical results show that the break-even point of installing one KW generation capacity of a solar PV system is estimated to pay off after producing 16,827 KWh, compared to 15,422 KWh for the case of fossil-based systems. However, the increased cost of initial investment in solar PV systems deployment starts to be economically justified after producing 41,437 KWh.

scholarly journals Study of Indonesia’s Solar Energy Implementation Using Identification of Potency, Policies, and Cost-Benefit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Mochammad Donny Anggoro ◽  
Diana Siregar ◽  
Regina Ninggar ◽  
Satriyo Wicaksono ◽  
Soo Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity

The solar PV systems are semiconductor devices that precisely convert sunlight into electricity, through the transfer of electrons. They provide several advantages, such as high modularity, zero noise, and adequate availability of solar resources in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potency, policy perspective, and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the solar energy implementation for electricity generation. A statistical analysis was used for measuring potency, as well as reviewing opportunistic policies and barriers. A review of some CBA-based journals was also carried out, to determine that the development of solar power electricity had more benefit than fossil fuels and LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Electricity). The results of the 10-days average value calculation in 2019 were 388-563 W/m2, with the maximum values at 1137-1604 W/m2. Meanwhile the analysis of the maximum hourly averages for Western, Central, and Eastern Indonesia were 570-719, 634-758, and 559-627 W/m2 at 11.00-12.00 WIB, 11.00-13.00 WITA, and 12.00-13.00 WIT, respectively. The potency of solar radiation intensity in Indonesia was averagely 150-750 W/m2, as the highest values were found in East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Merauke.

scholarly journals Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Generation: A Lifeline for the European Coal Regions in Transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Bódis ◽  
Ioannis Kougias ◽  
Nigel Taylor ◽  
Arnulf Jäger-Waldau
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Pv Systems

The use of coal for electricity generation is the main emitter of Greenhous Gas Emissions worldwide. According to the International Energy Agency, these emissions have to be reduced by more than 70% by 2040 to stay on track for the 1.5–2 °C scenario suggested by the Paris Agreement. To ensure a socially fair transition towards the phase-out of coal, the European Commission introduced the Coal Regions in Transition initiative in late 2017. The present paper analyses to what extent the use of photovoltaic electricity generation systems can help with this transition in the coal regions of the European Union (EU). A spatially explicit methodology was developed to assess the solar photovoltaic (PV) potential in selected regions where open-cast coal mines are planned to cease operation in the near future. Different types of solar PV systems were considered including ground-mounted systems developed either on mining land or its surroundings. Furthermore, the installation of rooftop solar PV systems on the existing building stock was also analysed. The obtained results show that the available area in those regions is abundant and that solar PV systems could fully substitute the current electricity generation of coal-fired power plants in the analysed regions.

Weather research & forecasting model and MERRA-2 data for wind energy evaluation at different altitudes in Bolivia

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110197
Author(s):  
Rober Mamani ◽  
Patrick Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Wind Flows ◽  
Different Altitudes

Wind energy is one of the most promising alternatives for a clean and ecological electricity generation. However, the implementation of efficient wind farms requires accurate data and measurements. This work analyses the MERRA-2 satellite datasets to compare and complement it with WRF simulations in different regions and altitudes in Bolivia, such as the Altiplano, Amazon and Chaco. A 41 years of hourly wind speed from MERRA-2 was used to analyze wind averages and characteristics over the year. WRF simulations for representative months were used to analyze wind shear and wind flows along Bolivia. The main results are related to wind speed index in different sites which varied between 0.90 and 1.09 and the periods of high wind speeds that is May—October in the Altiplano, and June—December in the Amazon and Chaco. However, the main findings are the differences between MERRA-2 data and WRF simulations that is linked to the topography of the sites in study.

scholarly journals Decarbonizing Energy in Bali With Solar Photovoltaic: GIS-Based Evaluation on Grid-Connected System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Ami Syanalia ◽  
Fikriyah Winata
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
A Site

In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation. Keywords: Energy modelling, solar PV, energy policy

scholarly journals Lookup Tables for Power Generation Performance of Photovoltaic Systems Covering 40 Geographic Locations (Wilayats) in the Sultanate of Oman, with and without Solar Tracking, and General Perspectives about Solar Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13209
Author(s):  
Osama A. Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Lookup Tables ◽  
The Impact

An energy modeler for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems may be limited to climatic data of certain major cities, not covering the one for which the PV system is intended. Additionally, a person not skilled in solar PV modeling may still desire a quick estimate of PV system electricity generation to help decide the level of investment in PV systems. This work addresses these points by establishing lookup tables to summarize predicted electricity generation, solar irradiation, and optimum orientation at various locations in the Sultanate of Oman. The results are produced by processing simulation data using the online open-access tool PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC). The tables cover 40 out of the country’s 61 s-level administrative divisions (wilayats) and cover fixed and movable PV panels. The results show that the yearly electricity generation can change up to 11.86% due to the change of location. Two-axis PV tracking offers a small improvement (about 4% on average) over single-vertical-axis tracking but offers noticeable improvement (about 34% on average) over optimally oriented fixed PV panels. Monthly profiles of expected PV electricity generation, as well as the generation drop due to changing the PV mounting from free standing to building integrated, were examined for three locations. As general perspectives that may be of interest to global readers, this work provides quantitative evidence of the overall accuracy of the PVGIS-SARAH database through comparison with ground-measured global horizontal irradiation (GHI). In addition, a full example is presented considering 12 different countries in the northern and southern hemispheres that brings the attention of solar energy modelers to the level of errors they may encounter when the impact of longitude (thus, the exact location) is ignored for simplicity, while focus is given to the latitude.

Incorporating Simulation in Project Scoping

2017 ◽  
pp. 406-434
Author(s):  
Roy L. Nersesian
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Seasonal Demand ◽  
Risk Simulation ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Uncertain Supply

There is a great deal of public and government regulatory support for significant growth in renewables for electricity generation at the expense of fossil fuels, primarily coal. Unlike fossil fuels whose output is controlled by a utility dispatcher, solar and wind depend on exposure to sunlight and wind speed for determining their output. This chapter deals with the use of simulation to match uncertain supply of solar and wind energy with indeterminable demand using a pumped storage facility to store excess electricity generation and to supply electricity to cover shortfalls. A modeling template using @RISK simulation analysis is proposed. The challenge of fossil fuel plants coupled with solar and wind farms with a strong seasonal demand for electricity is addressed by determining the size of an upper reservoir of a pumped storage facility that would ensure reliable delivery of electricity throughout the year. Scoping of the project to identify courses of action that would reduce the size and the investment in a pumped storage plant are covered.

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