Quantification Of Leaf Emissivities Of Forest Species: Effects On Modelled Energy And Matter Fluxes In Forest Ecosystems

AbstractHuman alteration of watercourses is global phenomenon that has had significant impacts on local ecosystems and the services they provide. Monitoring of abiotic and biotic changes is essential to mitigating long-lasting effects, and the 23-year dataset from the Gabčíkovo Waterworks provided a rare opportunity to assess the impact of groundwater regimes on vegetation. The main aim of this study was to describe the effect of the Gabčíkovo Waterworks on vegetation structure and species composition of the adjacent riparian floodplain forests over the past 23 years. The results are based on studies of three permanent monitoring plots (PMPs) located in the Danube inland delta – two outside (PMP 1 and 3) and one (PMP 2) fully under the influence of the artificial supply system. Our results demonstrate that the Danube inland delta was negatively affected by the Gabčíkovo construction, particularly for sites outside of the artificial supply system. There was a significant decrease in soil moisture and increase in nitrogen at both external PMPs (1 and 3). Alter soil conditions were accompanied by negative changes in plant species composition demonstrated by decreases in the number of typical floodplain forest species that are characteristic for the alliance

Download Full-text

Occurrence of Scolytinae in mangrove with impact trap and in wood of five forest species

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n1a2020-47920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charles Oliveira da Silva ◽

Henrique Trevisan ◽

Thiago Sampaio de Souza ◽

Acacio Geraldo de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

Forest Species ◽

Wood Degradation ◽

Eucalyptus Pellita ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Mangrove Environment ◽

Set Up ◽

Corymbia Citriodora

Scolytinae is a beetle group belonging to Order Coleoptera; these insects play an essential role in wood degradation in forest ecosystems, since they build galleries that enable substrate colonization by other saprophytic organisms, as well as nutrient cycling. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the occurrence of Scolytinae in the wood of 5 tree species exposed to mangrove environment, as well as to simultaneously survey Scolytinae specimens captured in ethanol-baited impact traps placed in the same environment. The study was carried out in a mangrove area located in Santa Cruz neighborhood - RJ. Five freshly-harvested Clitoria fairchildiana, Rhyzophora mangle, Corymbia citriodora, Melia azedarach and Eucalyptus pellita wood logs (1 m long and 5-10 cm diameter) were arranged perpendicular to the ground (1 m above it) and spaced 30 cm away from each other. Five impact traps were set up 50 m away from each other, 1.3 m above the ground. Insects were collected for 5 months. One hundred and thirty (130) Scolytinae individuals (14 species in 2 genera) were recorded in the wood logs; the relative frequency (Fr) of the species comprised Xyleborus affinis (33.9%) and Hypothenemus sp.4 (17.7%), which represented 51.6% of the total number of captured individuals. Hypothenemus sp.6 specimens were not collected in ethanol-baited traps, but the wood of C. fairchildiana. E. pellita did not show insect infestation. The traps captured 798 individuals (24 species belonging to 8 genera); the frequency of X. affinis (25.3%) and Hypothenemus eruditus (14.5%) represented 39.8% of the total number of captured insects.

Download Full-text

The effect of slow-release fertilizers on the soil environment of spread windrows in the Krušné Hory Mts.

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/31/2017-jfs ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 331-338

Author(s):

Pecháček Jan ◽

Vavříček Dušan ◽

Kučera Aleš ◽

Dundek Peter

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Slow Release ◽

Base Saturation ◽

Dolomitic Limestone ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Forest Species ◽

Slow Release Fertilizers ◽

Spreading Line ◽

Suitable Environment

The current revitalization of forest ecosystems in the Krušné Hory Mts. is carried out through: (i) spreading line windrows, (ii) chemical amelioration. The aim of this research consisted in: (i) assessing basic pedochemical characteristics of spread windrows, (ii) testing the effect of slow-release fertilizers from the Silvamix® series and dolomitic limestone on the root ball zone soil five years after application. The results of this study suggest that spread windrows are a suitable environment for forest species: with the only risk being extremely low P concentrations. Our results further show an increase in the amount of soil macrobioelements in the case of Silvamix® R and Silvamix® Forte, namely P over 125 and 85%; Mg2+ over 84 and 108%; base saturation (BS) over 44 and 40.7%, respectively, compared with a control. Having applied dolomitic limestone, an increase of BS (by 88%), Mg2+ (by 250%) and Ca2+ (by 37%) was observed; there was a reduction in the level of mobile Al3+ (by 25%) compared with the control. Stromfolixyl® application did not affect the chemistry of the soil environment.

Download Full-text

BIODIVERSITY OF FRUIT-BEARING FOREST SPECIES IN THE PROTECTED LANDSCAPE "KONJUH"

Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu ◽

10.54652/rsf.2019.v49.i2.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Sead Noćajević ◽

Jasmina Ovčina ◽

Admir Musić ◽

Emir Imširović ◽

Besim Salkić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Forest Species ◽

Wild Cherry ◽

Pyrus Communis L ◽

Genus Richness ◽

High Level ◽

Prunus Avium L

UDK: 634.2:574.4]:502(497.6 “Konjuh“) The area of the protected landscape "Konjuh" is distinguished by quality forest ecosystems, featuring diverse fruit-bearing forest species, which contributes to the conservation of biodiversity of the protected landscape "Konjuh". The aim of the paper is to assess the state of biodiversity of fruit-bearing species in the forest ecosystems of the study area, with the emphasis on determining the genus richness as a basis for conservation (in/ex situ), breeding and economic use. During the vegetation season in 2015 and 2016, several relevés (phytosociological plot) were made in the Protected Landscape "Konjuh". The results of the research indicate the high level of variability for most of the species according to characteristics of biology, pomology, and ecology. The fruit trees, like the noble hardwood, are wild cherry, (Prunus avium L.), wild pear (Pyrus communis L.), wild apples (Malus sylvestris Mill.), Breccia (Torminalis clusii M. Roem.), Sorbus aria L. et all, Wild cherry, Vrapcarka (Prunus avium L.) is the most famous forest fruit grower, occurs as a single tree or in smaller groups (Noćajević, 2009). The benefits of fruit-bearing forest species are emphasized in the bloom and the fruiting time, when "decorated" forest provide a rich bee pasture and feeding nutriment for forest fauna (Orešković et al. 2006). Fruit-bearing Forest species are significant as the genera of the varieties and as a basis for the grafting for high-grade varieties. Also, they are important for humans from the aspect of ecology, nutrition, dietotherapy, pharmacology and bioenergy balance.

Download Full-text

New biotechnologies in Serbian forestry

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf14s1141g ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 141-155

Author(s):

Vladislava Galovic ◽

Andrej Pilipovic ◽

Miroslav Markovic ◽

Verica Vasic ◽

Predrag Pap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Global Climate ◽

Forest Trees ◽

Rapid Progress ◽

Forest Species ◽

Research Fields ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Forest Plant Species ◽

Novi Sad ◽

Classical Genetics

This paper presents an overview of the results achieved in the laboratory for molecular studies of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, in the field of biotechnology, mainly in molecular genetics, genomics and functional genomics. Researches are designed to serve as a breeding tool. The aim was to clarify the processes of classical genetics by applying modern methods and enable a qualitative and rapid progress in understanding the processes that occur at the level of genes in the genome of forest plant species and thus help the processes of conservation of valuable taxa at the time of global climate change. The results are presented within various research fields and by type of forest trees that were given priority by importance in forest ecosystems. Studies have in most cases been of applicative character with the aim of solving the major problems in forestry, but also of fundamental nature when they were necessary to elucidate the response of forest species to the induced stress, which is an inevitable component of the time characterized by tolerance and adaptation as keywords.

Download Full-text

Variation of carbon uptake from forest species in Mexico: a review

Madera y Bosques ◽

10.21829/myb.2017.2321512 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 225-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marin Pompa-Garcia ◽

José Ángel Sigala Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Scientific Field ◽

Carbon Uptake ◽

Forest Species ◽

Functional Relationships ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review ◽

The Subject ◽

Systematic Synthesis

Currently, assessing carbon content in forest species is considered essential for programs designed to mitigate global warming. Although in Mexico these studies are becoming more numerous, we still do not know the state of the art in this scientific field. To our knowledge there is a lack of a systematic synthesis of the current condition of carbon sequestration from forest species in Mexico. This would be a useful baseline for scientists interested in further developing carbon studies. The aim of the present study is to analyze the variations of carbon uptake in Mexican forest species. From a comprehensive literature review of indexed journals and specialized databases, this study records the efforts made to record carbon storage rates in Mexican forests based on species, tree components, regions and ecosystems. The results identify those areas that are frequently the subject of research, as well as where opportunities exist and where efforts should be targeted, particularly in rainforests that have been the subject of very few research studies. This study to generate the first Mexican data base that summarizes state of the art data on the topic under study and contributes to a better understanding of potential functional relationships between diversity and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in Mexico.

Download Full-text

How Does the Engineering Species Affect Forest Ecosystems? Changes in Germination and Development Rate of Non-Forest Species Under the Nests of Ardea cinerea L.

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.2478/eko-2020-0019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 250-259

Author(s):

Wiktoria Hryń ◽

Joanna Czarnecka ◽

Ignacy Kitowski ◽

Magdalena Franczak ◽

Piotr Bartmiński

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Ecosystem Engineer ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Long Distance ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Ardea Cinerea

AbstractAn ecosystem engineer is a species that indirectly changes the availability of resources for other organisms via physical modification of the habitat. A good example of such species is Ardea cinerea L. – a big waterbird that forms colonies up to a few hundreds of nests during the breeding season. The colonies modify the habitat in the close vicinity of the nests mainly through heavy input of organic matter (feces, dropped or regurgitated food leftovers, eggshells, dead birds, etc.), which in turn affects vegetation. In our previous study, we observed that the probability of occurrence of non-forest species under the nests was 29.5 times higher in control plots in two types of forest vegetation (oligotrophic pine forest and riparian mixed forest). Adaptation for long-distance dispersal turned out to be insignificant for the probability of species occurrence, which suggested that the diaspores of those species must have been present in the forest soil before the establishment of the grey heron colony. In the present study, we used the seedling emergence method to compare the structure of the soil seed bank in breeding sites and control plots in two forest ecosystems mentioned above. We also tested whether the increased amount of nitrates in soil had a positive effect on the rate of germination and growth of seedlings. The results have shown that some reservoir of ruderal species was indeed present in the control plots, although their amount was higher under the heronries. We have proved that the number of germinating seeds of ruderal species depends on the concentration of nitrate in the soil of the pine forest. Comparison of the dry weight of 30- and 60-day-old seedlings of Rumex acetosella (pine forest) and Betula pendula (riparian forest) from the control and breeding sites showed an increased size of seedlings coming from the breeding sites of both forest communities.

Download Full-text

Agroforests: pre-domestication of forest trees or true domestication of forest ecosystems?

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v45i4.505 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 451-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Michon ◽

H. De Foresta

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Production Systems ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Plant Domestication ◽

Forest Species ◽

Linear Evolution ◽

Genetically Improved ◽

Indigenous Forest

Domestication of forest resources and artificialization of forest ecosystems in tropical forest areas are often encompassed in a linear way: from wild resources to genetically improved trees, from complex ecosystems to controlled tree plantations. This linear evolution might be true for professional forestry or horticulture. However, it does not embrace the complexity of smallholder farmers practices for forest resources utilization. Incorporating forest resources in production systems is not a new practice in the tropics, it even constitute the very basis of a whole facet of indigenous agricultures. But this agroforestry practice is not usually considered as a full domestication process. And, in spite of an increasing amount of academic interest for indigenous forest-like plantation models, agroforestry research is not yet fully considering the prospects of these models as far as forest species are concerned. The paper focuses on the discussion of Indonesian examples of ecosystem manipulation and plant domestication. Complex agroforestry systems have been developed by local people for the management of resources ranging from locally consumed forest fruits to highly valuable industrial products such as resins and latexes. This indigenous agroforestry is presented as an elaborate process of total transfer, not only of selected forest resources, but also of true forest structures, from the sphere of 'nature' to that of 'agriculture'. This process is analysed as a particular domestication strategy which integrates conventional species domestication techniques to an original attempt of ecosystem domestication. Prospects for further developing this 'agroforest strategy' for the domestication of forest species are then discussed.

Download Full-text

Biomass and nutrient cycling in pure and mixed stands of native tree species in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832007000200011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 287-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Antonio Carlos da Gama-Rodrigues ◽

Nairam Félix de Barros ◽

Nicholas Brian Comerford

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Native Forest ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Forest Species ◽

Mixed Species ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Second Growth

The objective of this paper is to study selected components of the nutrient cycle of pure and mixed stands of native forest species of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Tree diameter, height, above-ground biomass, and nutrient content were determined in 22-year-old stands. Litterfall, litter decomposition, and nutrient concentration were evaluated from August 1994 to July 1995. The following species were studied: Peltogyne angustiflora, Centrolobium robustum, Arapatiella psilophylla, Sclerolobium chrysophyllum, Cordia trichotoma, Macrolobium latifolium. The litter of a natural forest and a 40-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth forest was sampled as well. The mixed-species outmatched pure stands in height, stem volume and total biomass (29.4 % more). The greatest amount of forest litter was observed in the natural forest (9.3 Mg ha-1), followed by the mixed-species stand (7.6 Mg ha-1) and secondary forest (7.3 Mg ha-1), and least litterfall was measured in the pure C. robustum stand (5.5 Mg ha-1). Litterfall seasonality varied among species in pure stands (CV from 44.7 to 91.4 %), unlike litterfall in the mixed-tree stand, where the variation was lower (CV 31.2 %). In the natural and second-growth forest, litterfall varied by 57.8 and 34.0 %, respectively. The annual rate of nutrient return via litterfall varied widely among forest ecosystems. Differences were detected between forest ecosystems in both the litter accumulation and quantity of litterlayer nutrients. The highest mean nutrient accumulation in above-ground biomass was observed in mixed-species stands. The total nutrient accumulation (N + P + K+ Ca + Mg) ranged from 0.97 to 1.93 kg tree-1 in pure stands, and from 1.21 to 2.63 kg tree-1 in mixed-species stands. Soil fertility under mixed-species stands (0-10 cm) was intermediate between the primary forest and pure-stand systems. The litterfall rate of native forest species in a mixed-species system is more constant, resulting in a more continuous decomposition rate. Consequently, both nutrient availability and quantity of organic matter in the soil are higher and the production system ecologically more sustainable.

Download Full-text

STEMFLOW NUTRIENT INPUT IN TREES IN A TROPICAL FOREST IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i3.71464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 604

Author(s):

Yasmim Yathiara Gomes Araújo Morais ◽

Fernando José Freire ◽

Rosival Barros de Andrade Lima ◽

Edilane Alice de Alcântara Assunção ◽

Shyrlaine Lilian Moura Leão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forest ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Total Precipitation ◽

Forest Species ◽

Nutrient Input ◽

High Input ◽

Effective Precipitation ◽

Rain Gauges ◽

Absolute Density ◽

Important Pathway

Rainfall is the main source of water in forest ecosystems and stemflow is an important pathway for nutrients to enter these ecosystems. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate effective precipitation in a fragment of tropical forest and stemflow nutrient input of tree species in different periods of rainfall. Total precipitation and throughfall were measured using rain gauges inside and at the edge of the fragment. After a phytosociological survey, nine species with the highest absolute density in the fragment were chosen and three individuals were selected. Water collectors were fixed around their trunk to collect stemflow water. The stemflow water was measured in milliliters, and pH, electrical conductivity and the input of K, P and Na were determined. Based on the throughfall and stemflow, the effective precipitation was calculated. The stemflow nutrient input presented the following decreasing order: Na>K>P. The high input of Na can be explained by the fact that the fragment is close to the coastal area. Stemflow of forest species proved to be an important pathway for nutrients to enter forest ecosystems, effectively participating in nutrient cycling.

Download Full-text