scholarly journals Peculiarities of Lymph Fluid and Its Rheology as a Metastasisin

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
A. V. Sultanbaev ◽  
K. Sh. Gantsev ◽  
Sh. R. Kzyrgalin ◽  
N. M. Mansurovich
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Lymph Fluid

Introduction.Despite the large number of scientific studies on metastasis problems, the state of liquid media (lymph and blood) in oncological diseases remained without sufficient attention.Materials and methods.A study of the lymph fluid properties, including viscosity, of 100 female patients with malignant breast tumours was carried out. The age of the patients ranged from 50 to 80 years. All patients were in menopause. The material for determination of viscosity was taken 5–7 days following mastectomy with extended dissection of axillary lymph nodes. On the first and second days, the contents of the wound were represented by blood clots and serous fluid. Between three- and five-days following surgery, the discharge from the wound consisted of serous discharge, prelims and lymph. On the fifth day and the following days, the wound discharge consisted primarily of lymph fluid caused by the completed haemostasis and continuation of discharge from the small lymphatic vessels.Results.The metastatic process is more active during the initial stages of cancer, since the metastatic medium is represented by less viscous lymph fluid while the vessels for the most part retain their permeability. With advanced stages of cancer, when the viscosity of the lymph rises, metastasis slows down.Conclusions:(1) In breast cancer, the viscosity depends on the stage of the cancer, while the lymph in the tumour pool behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid. (2) In stages I-II of cancer, metastasis occurs more actively than in cancer at more advanced stages. This phenomenon is determined by the rheological properties of the lymph and the functional viability of the regional vascular system.

scholarly journals New insights in the expression of stromal caveolin 1 in breast cancer spread to axillary lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Giovanni Fanelli ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Michele Menicagli ◽  
Paolo Aretini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a loss of expression of caveolin in the stromal compartment (sCav-1) of human invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) may be a predictor of disease recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. At present, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of sCav-1 at the metastatic sites. We therefore studied sCav-1 expression in IBCs and in their axillary lymph nodes to seek a correlation with cancer metastasis. 189 consecutive invasive IBCs (53 with axillary lymph node metastases and 136 without) were studied by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Cav-1 antibody. In IBCs sCav-1 was evaluated in fibroblasts scattered in the tumor stroma whereas in lymph nodes sCav-1 was assessed in fibroblast-like stromal cells. For the first time, we observed a statistically significant progressive loss of sCav-1 from normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors limited to the breast to metastatic axillary lymph nodes, through normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors with axillary metastatic spread. These data indicate that Cav-1 expressed by the stromal compartment of lymph nodes, somehow, may possibly contribute to metastatic spread in IBC.

Lymphangiogenesis in development and disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (08) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruediger Liersch ◽  
Michael Detmar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Molecular Control

SummaryThe lymphatic vascular system plays an important role in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, in the afferent immune response, in the intestinal lipid uptake and in the metastatic spread of malignant cells. The recent discovery of specific markers and growth factors for lymphatic endothelium and the establishment of genetic mouse models with impairment of lymphatic function have provided novel insights into the molecular control of the lymphatic system in physiology and in embryonic development. They have also identified molecular pathways whose mutational inactivation leads to human diseases associated with lymphedema. Moreover, the lymphatic system plays a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases and in transplant rejection. Importantly, malignant tumors can directly promote lymphangiogenesis within the primary tumor and in draining lymph nodes, leading to enhanced cancer metastasis to lymph nodes and beyond. Based upon these findings, novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed that aim at inhibiting or promoting the formation and function of lymphatic vessels in disease.

scholarly journals Ovarian Cancer Metastasis to the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Lucia Musacchio ◽  
Giusi Santangelo ◽  
Innocenza Palaia ◽  
Federica Tomao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Although ovarian cancer often presents as a widespread disease, metastases to the breast and/or axillary lymph nodes are a very rare event, accounting for only 0.03–0.6% of all breast cancers. Its early recognition and accurate distinction from primary breast cancer are of crucial importance to choose an adequate systemic therapy over unnecessary surgeries. We presented the case of a 53-year-old woman who was diagnosed with breast metastases 2 years after the diagnosis of advanced primary serous ovarian cancer. The patient underwent primary cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab, followed by bevacizumab maintenance for 18 months. After 2 years of negative follow-ups, the disease unexpectedly spread to the left breast and axillary lymph nodes. No axillary lymph node dissection or breast surgery was performed. The patient received axillary radiotherapy and multiple chemotherapy lines: gemcitabine/cisplatin, liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, olaparib/cediranib, paclitaxel, and cisplatin. Unfortunately, none of these treatments improved her prognosis and she died 3 years after the disease recurrence. Ovarian cancer metastasis to the breast reveals a disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. Currently, no valid treatment options are available as the disease shows multidrug chemoresistance. In the era of precision medicine, the characterization of genetic and molecular markers may play a role in offering new promising targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Metastasis to Axillary Lymph Nodes

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 4105-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Nakagawa ◽  
Steve R. Martinez ◽  
Yasufumi Goto ◽  
Kazuo Koyanagi ◽  
Minoru Kitago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph

scholarly journals Anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of invasive ductal breast carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. e68-e70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rengifo ◽  
S Titi ◽  
J Walls
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Ductal Breast Carcinoma ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Expanding Population

Breast cancer currently affects 1 in 8 women in the UK during their lifetime. Common sites for breast cancer metastasis include the axillary lymph nodes, bones, lung, liver, brain, soft tissue and adrenal glands. There is well documented evidence detailing breast metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract but anal metastasis is exceptionally rare. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with an anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of an invasive ductal breast carcinoma. As advances in the treatment of breast cancer improve, and with an ageing and expanding population, there will be an increasing number of cancer survivors, and more of these unusual presentations may be encountered in the future.

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