scholarly journals The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for RLC Circuit: Simple Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
AH Panuluh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Spring Constant ◽  
Legendre Transformation ◽  
Electrical Quantity ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
Mass Position

The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for series RLC circuit has been formulated. We use the analogical concept of classical mechanics with electrical quantity. The analogy is as follow mass, position, spring constant, velocity, and damping constant corresponding with inductance, charge, the reciprocal of capacitance, electric current, and resistance respectively. We find the Lagrangian for the LC, RL, RC, and RLC circuit by using the analogy and find the kinetic and potential energy. First, we formulate the Lagrangian of the system. Second, we construct the Hamiltonian of the system by using the Legendre transformation of the Lagrangian. The results indicate that the Hamiltonian is the total energy of the system which means the equation of constraints is time independent. In addition, the Hamiltonian of overdamping and critical damping oscillation is distinguished by a certain factor.

DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF COMPOSITE SKEW PLATES USING BOUNDARY CHARACTERISTIC ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450078 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABHINAV KUMAR ◽  
S. K. PANDA ◽  
RAJESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
Total Potential Energy ◽  
Bending Energy ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Skew Plate

Dynamic instability analysis of laminated composite skew plate for different skew angles subjected to different type of linearly varying in-plane loadings is investigated. The analysis also includes the instability of skew plate under uniform bi-axial in-plane loading. The skew plate structural model is based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT), which accurately predicts the numerical results for thick skew plate. The total energy functional is derived for the skew plates from total potential energy and kinetic energy of the plate. The strain energy which is the part of total potential energy contains membrane energy, bending energy, additional bending energy due to additional change in curvature and shear energy due to shear deformation, respectively. The total energy functional is mapped into a square plate over which a set of orthonormal polynomials satisfying the essential boundary conditions is generated by Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process. Different boundary conditions of skew plate have been correctly incorporated by using Rayleigh–Ritz method in conjunction with Boundary Characteristics Orthonormal Polynomials (BCOPs). The boundaries of dynamic instability regions are traced by the periodic solution of governing differential equations (Mathieu type equations) with period T and 2T. The width of instability region for uniform loading is higher than various types of linearly varying loadings (keeping the same peak intensity). Effect of various parameters like skew angle, aspect ratio, span-to-thickness ratio, boundary conditions and static load factor on dynamic instability has been investigated.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic system implementation in baltra and puerto ayora islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Epeni-Tombo Genial Belvinel ◽  
Guillermo Antonio Loor ◽  
Julio Cesar Hernandez Chilan ◽  
Maria Rodriguez Gamez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
System Implementation ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Modeling Study

In the research, an analysis of the impact of the photovoltaic systems installed in two islands of the Galápagos archipelago is made. In this sense, a series of calculations has been used to find the significant values that have allowed us to choose the specific devices for this project. A modeling study was analyzed to quantify the total energy of the system, the number of possible modules to be installed, the amount of energy to be stored according to the type of batteries and the ampere-hour (Ah) that the regulation set must support of the electric current. The socio-economic and environmental impact of the system on Baltra Island was assessed with an example and estimations to make it explicit, the results of the surveys used are shown through which the most significant results were exposed, exposing that the photovoltaic systems in stage of implantation do not affect the environment, flora and fauna, its greatest impact is in the use of land.

scholarly journals On Fulfillment of Energy Conservation Law in Theory of Elastic Waves V. V. Nevdakh1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
V. V. Nevdakh
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Sound Wave ◽  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Energy Conservation Law

In accordance with the energy conservation law, the total energy of a closed physical system must remain constant at any moment of time. The energy of a traveling elastic wave consists of the kinetic energy in the oscillating particles of the medium and the potential energy of  its elastic deformation. In the existing theory of elastic waves, it is believed that the kinetic and potential energy densities of a traveling wave without losses  are the same at any moment of time and vary according to the same law. Accordingly, the total energy density of such wave is different at various moment of time, and only its time-averaged value remains constant. Thus, in the existing theory of elastic waves, the energy conservation law is not fulfilled. The purpose of this work is to give a physically correct description of these waves. A new description of a sound wave in an ideal gas has been proposed and it is based on the use of a wave equation system for perturbing the oscillation velocity of gas particles, which determines their kinetic energy, and for elastic deformation, which determines their potential energy. It has been shown that harmonic solutions describing the oscillations of the gas particles velocity perturbation and their elastic deformation, which are phase shifted by p/2, are considered as physically correct solutions of such equations system for a traveling sound wave. It has been found that the positions of the kinetic and potential energy maxima in the elastic wave, described by such solutions, alternate in space every quarter of the wavelength. It has been established that every quarter of a period in a wave without losses, the kinetic energy is completely converted to potential and vice versa, while at each spatial point of the wave its total energy density is the same at any time, which is consistent with the energy conservation law. The energy flux density of such traveling elastic wave is described by the expression for the Umov vector. It has been concluded that such traveling sound wave without losses  in an ideal gas can be considered as a harmonic oscillator.

scholarly journals Kalium Nitrat (KNO3): Karakteristik Senyawa dan Transpor Ion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuntum Kh. Nurfadilah ◽  
Rahadian Zainul
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Iteration Time

Kalium Nitrat merupakan garam anorganik dengan rumus kimia KNO3. Kalium Nitrat termasuk senyawa ionik yang disusun oleh kation K+ dan NO3- dan merupakan sumber nitrogen paling penting dialam. Kalium nitrat bersifat polar yang dapat larut di dalam air, 133 g/L (00C) dan 316 g/L (200C). Penelitian yang dilakukukan terhadap Kalium Nitrat digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur molekul dan sifat-sifat transpor ion senyawa menggunakan kalkulasi matematis dan pemodelan dari ChemOffice 15.0. Data lain seperti sifat-sifat atom penyusun dan sifat transpor ion didapat dengan review beeberapa jurnal dari beberapa sumber sesuai dengan bagan Fishbone yang telah dibuat. Mr KNO3: 101 g/mol, ρ: 2,109 g/cm3, titik leleh: 3340C dan titik didih: 4000C yang membuat KNO3 terdekomposisi menjadi KNO2. Mobilitas kation K+: 7,62 m2s-1V-1 dan NO3-: 7,40 m2s-1V-1. Konduktivitas KNO3: 0,09479 x 10-8 mho/cm. kecepatan hanyut K+: 7,62 m3s-1V-1 dan NO3- = 15,429 X 10−8 m/s. Larutan ini memiliki viskositas (𝜂) = 0,216 𝑋 10−3 𝑚𝑃𝑎.𝑠. Optimasi MM2 minimization menunjukkan bahwa Kalium Nitrat memiliki Stretch: 0.0518; Bend: 2.8626; Stretch-Bend: -0.0591; Torsion: 0.0000; Non-1,4 VDW: 3.5709; 1,4 VDW: 0.0000; Charge/Charge: -39.0035; Charge/Dipole: -3.8510; Dipole/Dipole: 0.0000; Total Energy: -36.4283 kcal/mol, pada kalkulasi MM2 Dynamics, Kalium Nitrat memiliki Iteration Time sebesar 3140.628; Total Energy -52.274; Potential Energy -55.683; Temperature 228.77. dan dengan kalkulasi MM2 Properties, Kalium Nitrat memiliki Stretch: 1.9202; Bend: 17.0060; Stretch-Bend: -2.7911; Torsion: 0.0000; Non-1,4 VDW: 12.3427; 1,4 VDW: 0.0000; Charge/Charge: -64.2742; Charge/Dipole: -19.4215; Dipole/Dipole: 0.0000; Total Energy: -55.2178 kcal/mol; The total energy of frame: -55.218 kcal/mol.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Available Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3745-3762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Bannon
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Total Potential Energy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Hydrostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Gibbs Function ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Total Potential

Abstract The total potential energy of the atmosphere is the sum of its internal and gravitational energies. The portion of this total energy available to be converted into kinetic energy is determined relative to an isothermal, hydrostatic, equilibrium atmosphere that is convectively and dynamically “dead.” The temperature of this equilibrium state is determined by minimization of a generalized Gibbs function defined between the atmosphere and its equilibrium. Thus, this function represents the maximum amount of total energy that can be converted into kinetic energy and, hence, the available energy of the atmosphere. This general approach includes the effects of terrain, moisture, and hydrometeors. Applications are presented for both individual soundings and idealized baroclinic zones. An algorithm partitions the available energy into available baroclinic and available convective energies. Estimates of the available energetics of the general circulation suggest that atmospheric motions are primarily driven by moist and dry fluxes of exergy from the earth’s surface with an efficiency of about two-thirds.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polypropylene and Talcum Nanocomposite

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Na Song ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xiao Ji Zhang ◽  
Peng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Nanocomposite System ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Simulation Time

Molecular modeling techniques were applied to predicting binding energy for PP/talc and PP-MAH/talc. A supercell containing talc and two polymer chains of 25 repeating units length was constructed. The COMPASS forcefield has been used to represent the interactions in the nanocomposite system. The interactions are improved between the polymer and the clay in the presence of functional groups. And the total energy and potential energy between PP and the talc decreases almost linearly with the simulation time.

scholarly journals MODELING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL HANDLING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
DINOLOV OGNYAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Mechanical Handling ◽  
The Individual

<p>The aim of this study is to justify a generalized basis model for investigating, evaluating and comparing the energy efficiency of the individual and the grouped mechanical handling machines and systems. Based on a conducted analysis and developed model technological schemes of the systems for continuous transport, dependencies are drawn for determining the basis power and minimizing the potential energy losses in loads passages, the losses of height and potential energy in the systems’ auxiliary elements as well as the total energy losses. Additional indices for basis evaluation of the energy efficiency of the continuous-transport-systems technological schemes, regardless of the systems’ type and scope, are developed and systematized.</p>

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES FROM THE ENERGY OF THE DIPOLE OR THE RATIONALE FOR THE IDEA OF NIKOLA TESLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(40)) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Evgeny Georgievich Yakubovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Virial Theorem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
Maximum Voltage

According to the virial theorem, a dipole has a small total energy at infinite negative potential energy and infinite positive kinetic energy, see [1] §10. Nikola Tesla was able to realize this energy in the car he built. The fundamental difficulties for creating a machine without an engine on gasoline energy have been overcome. But the experimental studies of Nikola Tesla were much ahead of the existing technologies, and according to my calculations, the breakdown voltage, for example, porcelain should be made orders of magnitude higher. Nikola Tesla could create a voltage of a billion volts, and according to modern data, the maximum voltage is a million volts. Moreover, it is necessary to use towers of great height to avoid breakdown. If we calculate the force created by the potential of the dipole and equate it with the force of attraction, then we will receive compensation for the gravitational field of the Earth.

Dynamics of a Self-Propelling Wheel With Three Eccentric Masses

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin K. Das ◽  
Ranjan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Variable Potential

Abstract This paper investigates the dynamics of a rolling disk with three unbalance masses that can slide along radial spokes equispaced in angular orientation. The objective is to design trajectories for the masses that satisfy physical constraints and enable the disk to accelerate or move with constant velocity. The disk is designed to remain vertically upright and is constrained to move along a straight line. We design trajectories for constant acceleration through detailed analysis using a dynamic model. The analysis considers two separate cases; one where the potential energy of the system is conserved, and the other where it continually varies. Whereas trajectories conserving potential energy are limacons, the variable potential energy trajectories are the most general and allow greater acceleration. Following the strategy for constant acceleration maneuvers, we give a simple approach to tracking an acceleration profile and provide simulation results.

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