scholarly journals Activation of sensorimotor integration processes with a brain-computer interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Rubakova ◽  
GE Ivanova ◽  
MA Bulatova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Radiocarpal Joint ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton ◽  
Ideomotor Training ◽  
The Impact

A BCI-controlled hand exoskeleton activates neuroplasticity mechanisms, promoting motor learning. The contribution of perception to this phenomenon is understudied. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sensorimotor integration on the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation based on the learning of a hand opening movement by stroke patients using BCI and to investigate the effect of ideomotor training on spasticity in the paretic hand. The study was conducted in 58 patients (median age: 63 (22; 83) years) with traumatic brain injury, ischemic (76%) or hemorrhagic (24%) stroke in the preceding 2 (1.0; 12.0) months. The patients received 15 (12; 21) ideomotor training sessions with a BMI-controlled hand exoskeleton. Hand function was assessed before and after rehabilitation on the Fugl–Meyer, ARAT, Frenchay, FIM, Rivermead, and Ashworth scales. An increase in muscle strength was observed in 40% of patients during flexion and extension of the radiocarpal joint and in 29% of patients during the abduction and adduction of the joint. Muscle strength simultaneously increased during the abduction and adduction of the radiocarpal joint (p < 0.004). Ideomotor training is ineffective for reducing spasticity because no statistically significant reduction in muscle tone was detected. Improved motor performance of the paretic hand was positively correlated with improvements in daily activities. Motor training of the paretic hand with a robotic orthosis activates kinesthetic receptors, restores sensation and improves fine motor skills through better sensorimotor integration.

scholarly journals The Impact of Musical Training on Hand Biomechanics in String Musicians

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey L. Gorniak ◽  
Evan D. Collins ◽  
Kimberly Goldie Staines ◽  
Forrest A. Brooks ◽  
Ricardo V. Young
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Hand Biomechanics ◽  
The Impact

Background: The effects of musical training on the body in professional musicians remain an understudied area, particularly in reference to understanding and managing orthopedic/neuromuscular deviations and injuries in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hand/finger fine motor function in musicians via physical examination as well as laboratory-based evaluations. Methods: Thirteen healthy noninjured young elite string musicians participated in this study. Performance of musicians was compared with healthy age-matched, sex-matched, and handedness-matched nonmusician controls. Results: Musicians exhibited decreased intrinsic muscle strength compared with controls; however, no change in extrinsic muscle strength was found between groups. No between-group differences in overall force control were found; however, Group × Hand (right vs left) interactions were found in force control. Conclusions: These data suggest that musicians are a unique population with respect to: (1) fine motor control of the hand; and (2) exhibit changes in differential hand use. This suggests cortical reorganization of string musicians, such that this population should be studied separately from typical healthy controls with respect to hand function.

scholarly journals Systematization of methods of physical rehabilitation of children with inherited nervo-muscle diseases

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Functional Capabilities

Summary. Children with hereditary neuromuscular diseases constitute one of the main groups of patients in public and private rehabilitation institutions. Therefore, there is a need to develop a rational choice of physical rehabilitation means, their systematization depending on the level of functional capabilities, which is relevant when developing an individual rehabilitation program in the centres. Purpose. Formation of an integrated approach in the rational choice of methods of physical rehabilitation and orthopedic supply for patients with hereditary neuromuscular diseases. Tasks. Development of stages for the provision of rehabilitation services, determination of the composition of an individual rehabilitation program, development of an algorithm for choosing methods of physical rehabilitation and technical means, depending on the degree of limitation of the child's motor functions. Results. The study involved 46 children aged 2 to 15 years. Assessment of the functional status of children, in accordance with the recommendations of the International Committee for the Standards of Treatment of patients with SMA, was performed on the Hammersmith scale, the assessment of muscle strength - on the Lovett test. The rehabilitation course according to the developed algorithm consisted of 4 stages: the stage of diagnosis, the stage of drawing up an individual rehabilitation program in accordance with the patient's functional capabilities, the stage of the course of physical rehabilitation and the stage of assessing its effectiveness. The main principles of rehabilitation were: stretching of contracted tissues, positioning of segments of the limbs and spine, physical activity in a submaximal mode, verticalization with the use of aids, compensation of lost functions and orthopedic correction using orthoses of various designs. The course carried out helped to stabilize muscle strength and motor activity, increase the volume of passive movements in large joints, and fine motor dexterity. Technical means of rehabilitation made it possible to correct the deformity of the segments of the limbs and the spine, to increase the dexterity of movements when performing tasks for fine motor skills. Conclusions. Adequate rehabilitation measures aimed at maintaining the motor activity of patients, maintaining muscle tone (including the respiratory muscles), timely correction of pathological attitudes of the limbs and spine in children with progressive neuromuscular diseases, inhibit the development of deformities, prolong motor activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Robot-Assisted Therapy for the Upper Limb After Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne M. Veerbeek ◽  
Anneli C. Langbroek-Amersfoort ◽  
Erwin E. H. van Wegen ◽  
Carel G. M. Meskers ◽  
Gert Kwakkel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Treatment Contrast ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background. Robot technology for poststroke rehabilitation is developing rapidly. A number of new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effects of robot-assisted therapy for the paretic upper limb (RT-UL). Objective. To systematically review the effects of poststroke RT-UL on measures of motor control of the paretic arm, muscle strength and tone, upper limb capacity, and basic activities of daily living (ADL) in comparison with nonrobotic treatment. Methods. Relevant RCTs were identified in electronic searches. Meta-analyses were performed for measures of motor control (eg, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the arm; FMA arm), muscle strength and tone, upper limb capacity, and basic ADL. Subgroup analyses were applied for the number of joints involved, robot type, timing poststroke, and treatment contrast. Results. Forty-four RCTs (N = 1362) were included. No serious adverse events were reported. Meta-analyses of 38 trials (N = 1206) showed significant but small improvements in motor control (~2 points FMA arm) and muscle strength of the paretic arm and a negative effect on muscle tone. No effects were found for upper limb capacity and basic ADL. Shoulder/elbow robotics showed small but significant effects on motor control and muscle strength, while elbow/wrist robotics had small but significant effects on motor control. Conclusions. RT-UL allows patients to increase the number of repetitions and hence intensity of practice poststroke, and appears to be a safe therapy. Effects on motor control are small and specific to the joints targeted by RT-UL, whereas no generalization is found to improvements in upper limb capacity. The impact of RT-UL started in the first weeks poststroke remains unclear. These limited findings could mainly be related to poor understanding of robot-induced motor learning as well as inadequate designing of RT-UL trials, by not applying an appropriate selection of stroke patients with a potential to recovery at baseline as well as the lack of fixed timing of baseline assessments and using an insufficient treatment contrast early poststroke.

The Impact of Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow on the Hand Function of Heavy Manual Workers

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Amirjani ◽  
Shelley Thompson ◽  
Lalith Satkunam ◽  
Gary L. W. Lobay ◽  
K. Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Ulnar Nerve Compression ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
Motor Dexterity ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this article were to study the impact of the hand function disability due to ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) on workers engaged in occupations requiring heavy hand use. Four patients (42.5 ± 7 years old), all engaged in heavy-duty jobs, with severe conduction block but without severe axonal loss were recruited. The severity of ulnar nerve compression was quantified based on electrophysiologic studies, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Jamar dynamometer, and Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments Test. UNE resulted in a reduction in hand strength without any significant impact on fine motor dexterity. The 4 laborers whose work required strong hand grip found this debilitating. Severe UNE affects the hand function of heavy manual workers by impeding their grip and pinch strengths. However, UNE does not affect tasks requiring fine hand dexterity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of hand splints on upper limb skills and functional activities in children with cerebral palsy: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2614
Author(s):  
Rohina Kumari ◽  
Surbhi . ◽  
Sakshi Saharawat
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Quality Of Motion ◽  
Motor Dexterity ◽  
And Function

Cerebral Palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder in which children may experience similar physical limitations, including those related to upper limb skills that affect the child's ability to participate in age-specific activities. The use of hand-splints in children with neurological conditions is little reported, they continue to be widely used to improve upper limb skills and functional activities. This review was done to investigate the use and effects of hand splints in Cerebral Palsy patient as orthotic treatment found to be very positive result in correcting and maintaining the achieved results. Electronic database search was conducted using Google scholar, Science direct, Pub Med, Cochrane Library and reference lists from all retrieved articles. Common problems in upper limb due to CP are flexion contractures of the fingers and wrist due to spasticity, pronation deformity of the forearm, thumb-in-palm deformity and hand-related disabilities, all lead to decrease in grip and muscle strength. Hand splints are often used to help a weak or ineffective joint or muscle to enhance a person's arm or hand posture, mobility, quality of motion, and function. The findings suggest that children with CP experience increased grip strength and fine motor dexterity when using different hand splints. This review summarizes the present state of understanding the extent to which orthotic management in CP can improve in the patient’s skills and functional activities by improving the muscle strength and hand function, also offers clinical suggestions for prescribing orthosis in order to optimize efficacy.

A comparison of hand function in Colles and scaphoid casts using a modified Jebsen Hand Function Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342110304
Author(s):  
Anuhya Vusirikala ◽  
Daniel Williams ◽  
Hui Fen Koo ◽  
Joseph Godwin ◽  
Leticia Costalago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

This study investigates the impact of Colles versus scaphoid casts on hand function in modern day activities using the Jebsen Hand Function Test with additional modified subtests including texting on a mobile phone, using a computer mouse and typing on a computer keyboard. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. Study participants performed worse in a scaphoid cast compared to a Colles cast; most evident in tasks involving fine motor movements such as writing, picking up small objects and stacking checkers (mean time difference 2.3 seconds, 1.5 seconds and 1.2 seconds, respectively) and tasks involving forearm rotation such as card turning and picking up large light objects (mean time difference 1.6 seconds and 1.1 seconds, respectively). This study highlights the importance of careful consideration when assessing the need for thumb immobilization, due to its impact on hand function when performing both traditional and modern-day activities of daily living.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

Impact of merger on efficiency and productivity : a case study of commercial banks in Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mahadzir Ismail ◽  
Saliza Sulaiman ◽  
Hasni Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nordiana Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The Financial Master Plan (2001- 2010) aims to enhance the capacity of banking industry so that higher effic iency and productivity can be reaped in the future. This study seeks to determine the impact of merger on the efficiency and productivity ofcommercial banks in Malaysia for the period 1995 until 2005. The study uses a non-parametric approach, nam ely DEA (data envelopment analysis?) to estimate the efficiency scores and to construct the Malmquist productivity index. To enable this estimation, three bank inputs and outputs are used. Amongst the findings are those banks exhibit higher efficiency score after the merger and thefo reign banks are more efficient than the local banks. Productivity of the banks is calculated in both periods, before and after the merger: The results show that, it is the local banks that have improved the most after the merger. The main source of productivity is technical change or innovation. The findings support the existing policy of having larger domestic banks in term of size.

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