scholarly journals Mental health indicators among pregnant Aboriginal women in Canada: results from the Maternity Experiences Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Nelson ◽  
Karen M. Lawford ◽  
Victoria Otterman ◽  
Elizabeth K. Darling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
Maternity Experiences Survey ◽  
History Of

Introduction There is little research done on mental health among pregnant Aboriginal women. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and its determinants, including pre-existing depression among non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal women in Canada. Methods The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) is a national survey of Canadian women’s experiences and practices before conception, up to the early months of parenthood. Predictors of PPD were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel correction method relative to the risk estimates based on the odds ratio from adjusted regression analysis. The analysis was conducted among women who self-identified as Aboriginal (Inuit, Métis or First Nations living off-reserve) and those who identified as non-Aboriginal. Results The prevalence of pre-existing depression was higher among self-reported First Nations off-reserve and Métis women than non-Aboriginal women. Inuit women had the lowest prevalence of self-reported pre-existing depression, and Aboriginal women reported a higher prevalence of PPD than non-Aboriginal women. Pre-existing depression was not a predictor for PPD for Inuit or Métis women in this study but was a positive predictor among First Nations off-reserve and non-Aboriginal women. A disproportionally higher number of Aboriginal women reported experiencing abuse, as compared to non-Aboriginal women. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that common predictors of PPD including anxiety, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy, having low levels of social support, and a previous history of depression were consistent among non-Aboriginal women. However, with the exception of the number of stressful events among First Nations offreserve, these were not associated with PPD among Aboriginal women. This information can be used to further increase awareness of mental health indicators among Aboriginal women.

Previous induced abortion and ante-natal depression in primiparae: preliminary report of a survey of mental health in pregnancy

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
Kay Robson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Previous History ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
In Pregnancy

SynopsisOne hundred and nineteen primiparae, who were routinely attending ante-natal clinics, were interviewed repeatedly between the 12th and 36th weeks of their pregnancies. The incidence of depression was highest in the first trimester and, overall, about a fifth of the sample was found to be suffering from clinically significant neurotic disturbances. In a proportion of these expectant mothers there was an association between depression and anxiety early in pregnancy and a previous history of induced abortion; this phenomenon may reflect a reactivation of mourning which was previously suppressed.

The rat hippocampus as a target for prolonged stress: Biochemical and behavioral effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
H.J. Krugers ◽  
J. Korf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Prolonged Stress

The probability that an individual will suffer from a major depressive episode is often considered to be influenced by risk factors such as gender, premature parental loss, exposure to pathogenic parental rearing, personality, a history of traumatic events, a previous history of major depression, low social support, recent stressful life events and difficulties and predisposing genetic influences. Although several studies suffer from methodological limitations, major depression (endogenous depression) is regarded as a multifactorial disorder and understanding its etiology requires the rigorous integration of several risk factors.

scholarly journals Predictors of cerebrovascular event reoccurrence in patients with depression: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e031927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wa Cai ◽  
Christoph Mueller ◽  
Hitesh Shetty ◽  
Gayan Perera ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cerebrovascular Event ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of recurrent cerebrovascular morbidity in a cohort of patients with depression and a cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) history.MethodsWe used the Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre Case Register to identify patients aged 50 years or older with a diagnosis of depressive disorder between 2008 and 2017 and a previous history of hospitalised CBVD. Using depression diagnosis as the index date we followed patients until first hospitalised CBVD recurrence or death due to CBVD. Sociodemographic data, symptom and functioning scores of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, medications and comorbidities were extracted and modelled in multivariate survival analyses to identify predictors of CBVD reoccurrence.ResultsOf 1292 patients with depression and CBVD (mean age 75.6 years; 56.6% female), 264 (20.4%) experienced fatal/non-fatal CBVD recurrence during a median follow-up duration of 1.66 years. In multivariate Cox regression models, a higher risk of CBVD recurrence was predicted by older age (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) (p=0.002), physical health problems (moderate to severe HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.45 to 4.19) (p=0.001), anticoagulant (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.93) (p=0.041) and antipsychotic medication (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99) (p=0.047). Neither depression severity, mental health symptoms, functional status, nor antidepressant prescribing were significantly associated with CBVD recurrence.ConclusionsApproximately one in five patients with depression and CBVD experienced a CBVD recurrence over a median follow-up time of 20 months. Risk of CBVD recurrence was largely dependent on age and physical health rather than on severity of depressive symptoms, co-morbid mental health or functional problems, or psychotropic prescribing.

scholarly journals A study of clinico-demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Shah
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
History Of

Objectives To study the clinical and socio demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder and their comorbid mental illness. Materials and methods Fifty-one patients of dissociative disorder presenting to emergency and outpatient department of Psychiatry at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital during the period from Jan to March 2012 were included. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems tenth edition, diagnostic criteria for research (ICD-10, DCR) was used. Results Out of 51 patients, the majority 24 (47.1%), were in the age group 15-29. However the age of presentation ranged from 9-45 years. The females were more, 44 (86.3%) as compared to males 7 (13.7%). The majority of patients had low level of education with none of the patients having education above intermediate level. The majority of patients, 27(52.9%) belonged to lower middle class. 49% of the patients presented with dissociative convulsions, 15.7% with dissociative motor disorders, 15.7% with dissociative stupor, 11.8% with dissociative anesthesia and sensory loss and 7.8% with trance and possession disorder. Depressive illness was found co-morbid with dissociative disorder in 33.3%, borderline personality disorder in 9.8% and histrionic personality disorder in 7.8%. There was history of immediate stressful events that supposedly precipitated the event in 76.5%. Conclusion Dissociative disorder mainly affects young female of lower socio-economic and educational status with history of immediate stressful life events precipitating the illness. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 30-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8683

The place they will be born

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 546-548
Author(s):  
Alison Gabrielle Perry
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
History Of

As part of a pre-doctorate NIHR fellowship, Alison Perry visited a First Nations reserve in Canada to learn about the history of aboriginal women as mothers and the culture of midwifery

scholarly journals Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years: The influence of the number, type, and timing of stressful life events

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Robinson ◽  
Eugen Mattes ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
Craig E. Pennell ◽  
Anke van Eekelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Maternal Experience

AbstractThe maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse consequences for behavioral development in offspring, but the measurement and interpretation of prenatal stress varies among reported studies. The Raine Study recruited 2900 pregnancies and recorded life stress events experienced by 18 and 34 weeks' gestation along with numerous sociodemographic data. The mother's exposure to life stress events was further documented when the children were followed-up in conjunction with behavioral assessments at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maternal experience of multiple stressful events during pregnancy was associated with subsequent behavioral problems for offspring. Independent (e.g., death of a relative, job loss) and dependent stress events (e.g., financial problems, marital problems) were both significantly associated with a greater incidence of mental health morbidity between age 2 and 14 years. Exposure to stressful events in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy showed similar associations with subsequent total and externalizing morbidity to events reported at 34 weeks of gestation. These results were independent of postnatal stress exposure. Improved support for women with chronic stress exposure during pregnancy may improve the mental health of their offspring in later life.

The dynamic course of psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires

2020 ◽  
pp. 000486742096981
Author(s):  
Richard A Bryant ◽  
Lisa Gibbs ◽  
H Colin Gallagher ◽  
Phillipa Pattison ◽  
Dean Lusher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Property Loss

Objectives: To profile the long-term mental health outcomes of those affected by the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires and to document the course of mental health since the disaster. Method: The longitudinal Beyond Bushfires study included 1017 respondents (Wave 1; 3–4 years after the fires), 736 (76.1%) at Wave 2 (5 years after the fires) and 525 (51.6%) at Wave 3 (10 years after the fires). The survey indexed fire-related and subsequent stressful events, probable posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use, severe distress and receipt of health services for mental health problems. Results: Relative to their status 3–4 years after the fires, there were reduced rates of fire-related posttraumatic stress disorder (6.2% vs 12.2%), general posttraumatic stress disorder (14.9% vs 18.7%) and severe distress (4.4% vs 7.5%) at 10 years. There were comparable rates between Wave 1 and Wave 3 for depression (10.9% vs 8.3%) and alcohol abuse (21.8% vs 18.5%). Of people in high-affected regions, 22.1% had posttraumatic stress disorder, depression or severe distress at Wave 3. One-third to one-half of participants who reported probable posttraumatic stress disorder or depression at any assessment did not display the disorder at the next assessment. Worsening of mental health at Wave 3 was associated with the extent of property loss, exposure to recent traumatic events or recent stressful life events. Only 24.6% of those with a probable disorder had sought professional help for this in the previous 6 months. Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of people from high-affected areas have a probable psychological disorder a decade after the fires. Mental health appears to fluctuate for those who are not consistently resilient, apparently as a result of ongoing stressors. The observation that most people with probable disorder are not receiving care highlights the need for further planning about managing long-term mental health needs of disaster-affected communities.

Witnessing interparental violence in childhood and symptoms of depression in adulthood: data from the 2017 French Health Barometer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemie Roland ◽  
Christophe Leon ◽  
Enguerrand du Roscoat ◽  
Henri Panjo ◽  
Marie-Josephe Saurel-Cubizolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Every year, it is estimated that 143 000 French children are exposed to interparental violence (IPV). This exposure may have deleterious lifelong impact on mental health. Objective To investigate the associations between exposure to IPV in childhood and, as adults, the presence of depressive symptoms during the past year, suicidal thoughts and lifetime suicide attempt. Methods Our study is based on data from the 2017 French Health Barometer, a general population cross-sectional phone survey. 25 319 adults living in Metropolitan France responded. Data were weighted to obtain a representative sample of the French population. Associations between childhood exposure to IPV and each of three outcomes in adulthood—symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation in the past year and lifetime suicide attempt—were studied by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratifying by sex and using multivariate models (logistic regression). Results After adjustment for age, social variables, negative life events in childhood and lifetime history of sexual violence, reporting witnessed IPV is significantly associated with the presence of symptoms of depression during the past 12 months (aORmen = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.49–2.38, and aORwomen = 2.00, 1.72–2.32), suicidal thoughts in the past 12 months (aORmen = 1.97, 1.48–2.64, and aORwomen = 2.35, 1.89–2.93), and at least one lifetime suicide attempt (aORmen =2.39, 1.83–3.11 and aORwomen = 2.66, 2.25–3.16). Conclusion Associations shown between a history of exposure to IPV and three mental health indicators in adulthood underline the need to study the lifelong impact of IPV.

scholarly journals The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1715-1724
Author(s):  
Alva Tang ◽  
Mark Wade ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prospective Association

AbstractEarly adversity has been shown to sensitize individuals to the effects of later stress and enhance risk of psychopathology. Using a longitudinal randomized trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care, we extend the stress sensitization hypothesis to examine whether early institutional rearing sensitizes individuals to stressful events in adolescence engendering chronic low-grade inflammation. At baseline, institutionalized children in Romania (ages 6–31 months) were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in usual care within institutions. A group of never-institutionalized children was recruited as an in-country comparison sample. At ages 12 and 16, participants reported stressful events. At age 16, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were derived from blood spots. Among children assigned to care as usual, more stressful events at age 12, but not age 16, were associated with higher IL-6. In the same group, stressful events at age 16 were associated with higher CRP, though these effects attenuated after adjusting for covariates. These associations were not observed in the foster care or never-institutionalized groups. The findings suggest that heightened inflammation following stress exposure is one pathway through which early neglect could compromise physical health. In contrast, early family care might buffer against these risks.

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