A study of clinico-demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder

Objectives To study the clinical and socio demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder and their comorbid mental illness. Materials and methods Fifty-one patients of dissociative disorder presenting to emergency and outpatient department of Psychiatry at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital during the period from Jan to March 2012 were included. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems tenth edition, diagnostic criteria for research (ICD-10, DCR) was used. Results Out of 51 patients, the majority 24 (47.1%), were in the age group 15-29. However the age of presentation ranged from 9-45 years. The females were more, 44 (86.3%) as compared to males 7 (13.7%). The majority of patients had low level of education with none of the patients having education above intermediate level. The majority of patients, 27(52.9%) belonged to lower middle class. 49% of the patients presented with dissociative convulsions, 15.7% with dissociative motor disorders, 15.7% with dissociative stupor, 11.8% with dissociative anesthesia and sensory loss and 7.8% with trance and possession disorder. Depressive illness was found co-morbid with dissociative disorder in 33.3%, borderline personality disorder in 9.8% and histrionic personality disorder in 7.8%. There was history of immediate stressful events that supposedly precipitated the event in 76.5%. Conclusion Dissociative disorder mainly affects young female of lower socio-economic and educational status with history of immediate stressful life events precipitating the illness. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 30-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8683

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Mental health indicators among pregnant Aboriginal women in Canada: results from the Maternity Experiences Survey

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.38.7/8.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (7/8) ◽

pp. 269-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chantal Nelson ◽

Karen M. Lawford ◽

Victoria Otterman ◽

Elizabeth K. Darling

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

First Nations ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Previous History ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Correction Method ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Aboriginal Women ◽

Maternity Experiences Survey ◽

History Of

Introduction There is little research done on mental health among pregnant Aboriginal women. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and its determinants, including pre-existing depression among non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal women in Canada. Methods The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) is a national survey of Canadian women’s experiences and practices before conception, up to the early months of parenthood. Predictors of PPD were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel correction method relative to the risk estimates based on the odds ratio from adjusted regression analysis. The analysis was conducted among women who self-identified as Aboriginal (Inuit, Métis or First Nations living off-reserve) and those who identified as non-Aboriginal. Results The prevalence of pre-existing depression was higher among self-reported First Nations off-reserve and Métis women than non-Aboriginal women. Inuit women had the lowest prevalence of self-reported pre-existing depression, and Aboriginal women reported a higher prevalence of PPD than non-Aboriginal women. Pre-existing depression was not a predictor for PPD for Inuit or Métis women in this study but was a positive predictor among First Nations off-reserve and non-Aboriginal women. A disproportionally higher number of Aboriginal women reported experiencing abuse, as compared to non-Aboriginal women. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that common predictors of PPD including anxiety, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy, having low levels of social support, and a previous history of depression were consistent among non-Aboriginal women. However, with the exception of the number of stressful events among First Nations offreserve, these were not associated with PPD among Aboriginal women. This information can be used to further increase awareness of mental health indicators among Aboriginal women.

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The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420001479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1715-1724

Author(s):

Alva Tang ◽

Mark Wade ◽

Nathan A. Fox ◽

Charles A. Nelson ◽

Charles H. Zeanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foster Care ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Family Care ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Low Grade ◽

Institutionalized Children ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

History Of ◽

Prospective Association

AbstractEarly adversity has been shown to sensitize individuals to the effects of later stress and enhance risk of psychopathology. Using a longitudinal randomized trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care, we extend the stress sensitization hypothesis to examine whether early institutional rearing sensitizes individuals to stressful events in adolescence engendering chronic low-grade inflammation. At baseline, institutionalized children in Romania (ages 6–31 months) were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in usual care within institutions. A group of never-institutionalized children was recruited as an in-country comparison sample. At ages 12 and 16, participants reported stressful events. At age 16, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were derived from blood spots. Among children assigned to care as usual, more stressful events at age 12, but not age 16, were associated with higher IL-6. In the same group, stressful events at age 16 were associated with higher CRP, though these effects attenuated after adjusting for covariates. These associations were not observed in the foster care or never-institutionalized groups. The findings suggest that heightened inflammation following stress exposure is one pathway through which early neglect could compromise physical health. In contrast, early family care might buffer against these risks.

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Knowledge on prevention of breast cancer among females attending outpatient department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3888

Author(s):

Mamta Rajput Nebhnani ◽

Uma Phalswal ◽

Uma Ohri ◽

Shalini Raj ◽

Vineeta . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Educational Status ◽

India Institute ◽

Age Group ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

History Of ◽

Outpatient Departments ◽

Prevention Of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and principal cause of death among females. Breast cancer related awareness and practices of female are known to have crucial contribution in the prevention. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge on prevention of breast cancer among females.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on females attending outpatient departments of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 70 females within age group of 15-60 year were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to-face interview. Reliability of self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by KR 20 method and found reliable (0.84). Data collected was analyzed for frequency, mean, standard deviation and test.Results: Findings showed that most (51%) of the respondents were from age group 15-30 years. Only 14% of the subjects had family history of breast cancer. Most of the subject (81.4%) previously heard about breast cancer. The mean knowledge score was 14.43±2.9. Most of the respondents (74.3%) had average knowledge about prevention of breast cancer whereas only 3% had excellent knowledge levels. Knowledge of subjects about prevention of breast cancer was found to have significant association with level of education and area of living only.Conclusions: Result of the study provided information that maximum number of participants had average knowledge about different aspects about prevention of breast cancer. The knowledge of females was significantly associated with their educational status.

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Refractory Ascites as the Only Presenting Symptom of Chronic Calcified Constrictive Pericarditis: A Diagnostic Challenge

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf98.2013251 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Shi-Min Yuan

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Female Patient ◽

Constrictive Pericarditis ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Young Female ◽

Refractory Ascites ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Massive Ascites ◽

History Of

Extracardiac manifestations of constrictive pericarditis, such as massive ascites and liver cirrhosis, often cover the true situation and lead to a delayed diagnosis. A young female patient was referred to this hospital due to a 4-year history of refractory ascites as the only presenting symptom. A diagnosis of chronic calcified constrictive pericarditis was eventually established based on echocardiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. Cardiac catheterization was not performed. Pericardiectomy led to relief of her ascites. Refractory ascites warrants thorough investigation for constrictive pericarditis.

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Political psychology

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2013.29582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (16) ◽

pp. 619-626

Author(s):

Mária Resch ◽

Tamás Bella

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Political Psychology ◽

Group Dynamics ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Cognitive Mapping ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Political Processes ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Essential Components ◽

History Of

In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

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Stress, Cortisol and Suicide Risk

10.31234/osf.io/92b7z ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Daryl Brian O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Additional Risk ◽

Global Health Issue ◽

History Of ◽

Hpa Axis Activity ◽

The Impact

Suicide is a global health issue accounting for at least 800,000 deaths per annum. Numerous models have been proposed that differ in their emphasis on the role of psychological, social, psychiatric and neurobiological factors in explaining suicide risk. Central to many models is a stress-diathesis component which states that suicidal behavior is the result of an interaction between acutely stressful events and a susceptibility to suicidal behavior (a diathesis). This article presents an overview of studies that demonstrate that stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, are important additional risk factors for suicide. Evidence for other putative stress-related suicide risk factors including childhood trauma, impaired executive function, impulsivity and disrupted sleep are considered together with the impact of family history of suicide, perinatal and epigenetic influences on suicide risk.

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Safety of a Clozapine Trial Following Quetiapine-Induced Leukopenia: A Case Report

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886313666180807094654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Asma H. Almaghrebi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Young Female ◽

Similar Reaction ◽

Careful Monitoring ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Antipsychotic Medications ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Clozapine Treatment ◽

History Of

Background: The clozapine-derivative quetiapine has been shown in some cases to cause leukopenia and neutropenia. Case Presentation: We reported on a case of a young female diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. After failed trials of three antipsychotic medications and despite a history of quetiapineinduced leukopenia, clozapine treatment was introduced due to the severity of the patient’s symptoms, the limited effective treatment options, and a lack of guidelines on this issue. Result: Over a ten-week period of clozapine treatment at 700 mg per day, the patient developed agranulocytosis. Her white blood cell count sharply dropped to 1.6 × 10<sup>9</sup> L, and her neutrophils decreased to 0.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> L. There had been no similar reaction to her previous medications (carbamazepine, risperidone, and haloperidol). Conclusion: The safety of clozapine in a patient who has previously experienced leukopenia and neutropenia with quetiapine requires further investigation. Increased attention should be paid to such cases. Careful monitoring and slow titration are advisable.

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A case of sigmoid volvulus in an unexpected demographic

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s40792-020-01105-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Saba ◽

Joshua Rosenberg ◽

Gregory Wu ◽

Gudata Hinika

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Severe Pain ◽

Rare Case ◽

Young Female ◽

Sigmoid Volvulus ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Operative Complications ◽

History Of ◽

Male Sex ◽

Emergent Laparotomy

Abstract Background A sigmoid volvulus occurs when a segment of the colon twists upon its mesentery. This infliction is associated with old age, multiple co-morbidities, and the male sex. We present a rare case of sigmoid volvulus that occurred in a healthy young female. Case presentation A 28-year-old female presented with a one week history of constipation and abdominal pain. Her symptoms suddenly worsened and became associated with vomiting and severe pain. A focused history taking and physical examination showed peritoneal signs that led to timely diagnostic imaging to be implemented. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was consistent with sigmoid volvulus. Our patient underwent emergent laparotomy with a sigmoidectomy and recovered with no post-operative complications. Conclusion This case report emphasizes the importance of clinicians maintaining a sigmoid volvulus as a rare, yet important differential when approaching abdominal pain in young healthy patients.

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