scholarly journals Easterine Kire Iralu’s Mari: A Historical Narrative of the Forgotten Battle of Kohima

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Veena Gour ◽  
Dr. Shubhra Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
World War ◽  
Love Story ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Journey ◽  
The Impact

Most of the Indians now have forgotten that Kohima was the scene of an Allied victory in the World War II; the victory was so decisive that it changed the contours of the war in Asia. In this significant battle of Kohima, the Japanese force tried to enter India from Naga Hills, advancing progressively into Asia after the success of their Burma campaign in 1941-42. But in Kohima they were defeated convincingly by the British Allied Forces which were helped by local inhabitants in the battle. The Japanese had broken down equally by disease and hunger thus left their plan to enter in India. The Battle of Kohima often refers by Nagas as a ‘forgotten battle’ and its heroes as the ‘forgotten heroes’. Easterine Kire Iralu’s Mari stands as a distinct novel as it commemorates the forgotten Battle of Kohima of 1944. The novel is a fascinating love story set in the midst of this war. It is an enchanting tale of Iralu’s aunt Khrielievu Mari O’ Leary who was engaged to a British sergeant Victor. The novel is written in form of a diary which Mari maintained during the war meticulously registering every event of her life. Mari is not just a story of a young girl falling in love but it’s a story of all those people who lived that war- time. This paper examines the impact of the battle of Kohima on the culture, identity and traditional values of Naga society which the writer has described in the backdrop of Mari’s life journey in the novel.  

Franklin D. Roosevelt and US Foreign Relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Cross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Franklin D. Roosevelt was US president in extraordinarily challenging times. The impact of both the Great Depression and World War II make discussion of his approach to foreign relations by historians highly contested and controversial. He was one of the most experienced people to hold office, having served in the Wilson administration as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, completed two terms as Governor of New York, and held a raft of political offices. At heart, he was an internationalist who believed in an engaged and active role for the United States in world. During his first two terms as president, Roosevelt had to temper his international engagement in response to public opinion and politicians wanting to focus on domestic problems and wary of the risks of involvement in conflict. As the world crisis deepened in the 1930s, his engagement revived. He adopted a gradualist approach to educating the American people in the dangers facing their country and led them to eventual participation in war and a greater role in world affairs. There were clearly mistakes in his diplomacy along the way and his leadership often appeared flawed, with an ambiguous legacy founded on political expediency, expanded executive power, vague idealism, and a chronic lack of clarity to prepare Americans for postwar challenges. Nevertheless, his policies to prepare the United States for the coming war saw his country emerge from years of depression to become an economic superpower. Likewise, his mobilization of his country’s enormous resources, support of key allies, and the holding together of a “Grand Alliance” in World War II not only brought victory but saw the United States become a dominant force in the world. Ultimately, Roosevelt’s idealistic vision, tempered with a sound appreciation of national power, would transform the global position of the United States and inaugurate what Henry Luce described as “the American Century.”

Economic Concentration and Monopoly in Japan—A Second View

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rotwein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Total Output ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Achievement ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

In the period since the end of World War II, the Japanese economic achievement has been of prodigious proportions. During this period, its growth rate—an average of almost 10% in GNP per year—has been the highest in the world. Japan has become the third-ranking industrial nation and its world standing, in terms of per capita GNP, has risen from fortieth in the early 1950s to twelfth at the present time. Growth so sweeping and rapid inevitably has brought a multitude of changes, not least in the composition of total output. At a highly accelerated rate, industries have declined, others have blossomed, new industries have appeared, and the importance of various sectors of the economy has changed. Amidst the continuing adjustments and readjustments, it is of interest to consider the nature of the impact on Japanese industrial organization. More specifically, what has been the effect on economic concentration and monopoly in Japan?

scholarly journals Documentary On-Line Exhibitions of the Central State Archives of Ukraine as a Way to Commemorate the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
On Line ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with virtual exhibition activities of the central state archival institutions of Ukraine associated with the anniversary of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. The authors acknowledge that archives are an important institute of memory for Ukraine, and therefore they attempt to assess the impact of the official Ukrainian historical and political policy on the exhibition activities in the central state archives, using on-line exhibitions dedicated to the anniversary of the Victory of 1945 as an example. The Great Patriotic War is one of the most contradictory elements of the Ukrainian national historical narrative and one of the most conflictogenic elements in the Ukrainian historical policy (in the so called “wars of memory”), hence the choice of the topic. The authors have studied the webpages of the archives’ official sites, their structure, design, and content. They focused on the digests of on-line exhibitions, i.e. texts located on the home page of the archive, which reveal theme, concept, purpose, and objectives of the exhibition. The authors have tried to identify the patterns in using the concepts of the 1941–45 events, assuming that vocabulary and definitions contain most important information on the influence of the official historical and political policy on the work of archival institutions. The authors have also studied the thematic design of on-line exhibitions, in particular, the military symbols used in web design. The research has showed that the concept of the Great Patriotic War was persistently changed to the concept of World War II in all five exhibitions, although some sections of the exhibitions featured both. The article notes that design of at least two exhibitions used the European symbol for victory over Nazism: red poppy instead of red carnation and St. George’s ribbon usually used in the USSR. Use of the poppy image and substitution of concept of the Great Patriotic War with non-synonymous concept of the World War II is a shining example of the influence of Ukrainian state historical and political policy on the work of archives. The researchers argue that it is impossible to deny the significant influence of the controversial official Ukrainian historical and political narrative on the nature of the expositions. However, in general, the exhibitions are characterised by moderate political engagement, demonstrating a certain scientific independence of the Ukrainian state archives.

Patronage and Science: Roger Revelle, the U.S. Navy, and Oceanography at the Scripps Institution

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Rainger
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
World War ◽  
Scripps Institution ◽  
The World ◽  
La Jolla ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

In the years between 1940 and 1955, American oceanography experienced considerable change. Nowhere was that more true than at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. There Roger Revelle (1909-1991) played a major role in transforming a small, seaside laboratory into one of the leading oceanographic centers in the world. This paper explores the impact that World War II had on oceanography and his career. Through an analysis of his activities as a naval officer responsible for promoting oceanography in the navy and wartime civilian laboratories, this article examines his understanding of the relationship between military patronage and scientific research and the impact that this relationship had on disciplinary and institutional developments at Scripps.

scholarly journals Afrikaanse oorlogspoësie na Sestig

Literator ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
F. I.J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moral Stance

The period after World War II was characterised by regional wars in various parts of the world. During this time South Africa experienced its own regional war: the onslaught on the apartheid system, and the defence against it. Following a phase of internal strife of relatively low intensity, a hot war developed on both sides of the northern and eastern borders of the country with the Angolan war as the major flashpoint. The latter war exerted a marked influence on the local scene, where a civil war of low intensity developed. This article and its sequel record the ways in which Afrikaans poetry reacted to this many-faceted war. Facets highlighted are the way in which the military aspects of the war is portrayed, the manifestations of the struggle on the local scene, especially in the townships, the impact of the war on the spirit of the soldier and the civilian, and the moral stance adopted by poets towards the war. In conclusion, the characteristics of the war poem of this period are compared with those of the period preceding it. In this article the attention is focused on the war outside and within the borders of the country.

scholarly journals Income tax progressivity and inflation during the world wars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Torregrosa-Hetland ◽  
Oriol Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper studies the impact of inflation on income taxes in Sweden, the UK, and the United States during the world wars. As tax reforms were rising top marginal rates and reducing exemption thresholds, extraordinary levels of inflation eroded the real value of exemptions, brackets, and deductions. The micro-simulation of actual and alternative scenarios shows that inflation made the tax less progressive, particularly in Sweden during World War I and the UK during World War II. Nevertheless, its redistributive effect increased due to the related growth in tax revenue. Inflation contributed to transform a “class tax’’ into a “mass tax”.

scholarly journals ‘The instinct of resistance to evil’: Postmemory and the Ukrainian national imaginary in Oksana Zabuzhko’s novel The Museum of Abandoned Secrets

2021 ◽  
pp. 175069802110447
Author(s):  
Yuliya Kazanova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
National Imaginary

Building on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, this article examines Oksana Zabuzhko’s latest novel The Museum of Abandoned Secrets as postmemorial fiction, which articulates the trauma of Soviet political repressions in the post–World War II period and in the 1970s via the perception of the second and third generation. The affiliative postmemory about World War II in Ukraine from the viewpoint of Ukrainian Insurgent Army partisans is emplotted via an original generic combination of contemporary Holocaust fiction and romances of the archive. Postmemory is used in the novel to shape a mythologised alternative historical narrative that reconceptualises the country’s difficult past as a story of heroic resistance.

Death Styles

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Douglas Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Love Story ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Horror Story

Malina demonstrates the paradoxical struggle that characterizes any attempt at reflecting on the uncanny relationship between the embodiment of language and the expression of pain. As Elaine Scarry (1985) notes, pain can be used to both make and unmake an identity; pain’s destructuring force can be complemented by the reconstructive potential of the imagination. Yet what happens when the identity to be reconstructed leads only to a fragmentary regeneration; what if the only whole that can be constructed remains incomplete and internally divided? This article focuses on reading Malina as an allegory of the process of writing itself: that is, a means of exploring the attempted expression of the pain and fragmentation of the embodied subject that resulted from the atrocities of World War II. Using Blanchot’s reflections on anguish and language, I argue that the novel—part love story, part horror story, part detective story—is a riddle that the reader must solve, but that in doing so the reader becomes infected with the same fragmentary force that disembodies the protagonist. As such, the heuristic consequence of the novel is to instruct the reader on the influence of language and imagining on the attempted reembodiment or, in this case, eventual disembodiment, of the body in pain.

Communist Ideology and Its Impact on Albanian Literature

2017 ◽  
pp. 200-221
Author(s):  
Marisa Kerbizi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
World War ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

After the World War II, Albania fell under the totalitarian regime of Enver Hoxha. The impact of the communist dictatorship in Albania was not only political, but social and artistic as well. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the negative impact of communist ideology in Albanian literature. This study is compiled using descriptive-interpretative qualitative method. After analyzing and interpreting specific phenomena related to the development of Albanian literature, it is important to emphasize that the impact of the communist ideology should be considered as a strong shock, with evident consequences not only for the period 1945-1990, but also responsible for the state of literature today. Socialist realism method applied to literature almost killed the creativity and professionalism. The most important dimension of the literature conducted under the terror of the communist system, was the literature written in prison, which provides Albanian literature with the extraordinary dimension of human strength that exceeds the ferocity of every ideology and totalitarian system.

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