scholarly journals Numerical study on the seismic performance of hybrid steel moment frames with CLT balloon shear walls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mehdi Khajehpour
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Response Modification Factor ◽  
Capacity Curves

A proposed hybrid lateral load resisting system combining a moderately ductile steel moment resisting frame (SMRF) with Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) balloon-framed shear walls is investigated on 8, 12 and 16-storey case-study buildings using equivalent static, linear dynamic (modal), nonlinear static (push-over) and nonlinear dynamic (time history) analyses. First, a SMRF is designed using ETABS, then the hybrid structures are analysed in OpenSees. By adding the CLT shear wall to steel moment frame, the period of structure decreased and its stiffness increased. The time history analyses result revealed that by adding the CLT shear wall the maximum drift decreased, while the maximum base shear in hybrid structure slightly increased. The hold down uplift forces under earthquake records are reported and compared to each other. Using push-over capacity-curves, a ductility reduction factor of 3.6, an over strength factor of 1.57 and a seismic response modification factor of 5.67 are derived.

Inelastic analysis of a reinforced concrete shear wall building according to the National Building Code of Canada 2005

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 854-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Panneton ◽  
P Léger ◽  
R Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Fundamental Period ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Inelastic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

An eight-storey reinforced concrete shear wall building located in Montréal and designed according to the 1995 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the Canadian Standards Association standard CSA-A23.3-94 is studied to evaluate the impact of new requirements for inclusion in new editions of the NBCC and CSA-A23.3. Static and modal analyses were conducted according to the 2005 NBCC (draft 2003) and CSA-A23.3-04 (draft 4) procedures, and three-dimensional dynamic inelastic time history analysis was performed using three earthquake records. The building is braced by four flat shear walls and three cores. Various estimates of the fundamental period of vibration based on empirical expressions presented in the literature or structural models with different stiffness assumptions were examined. The analysis also permitted the study of the displacement and force demand on the lateral load resisting system. It was found that the base shear from the 2005 NBCC is 29% higher than the 1995 NBCC value when code empirical formulae are used for the fundamental period of vibration.Key words: building, shear wall, inelastic seismic response, NBCC, CSA-A23.3 design of concrete structures.

scholarly journals Seismic performance of steel moment and hinged frames with rocking shear walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Piri ◽  
Ali Massumi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Nonlinear Time History

Abstract The addition of a rocking structural system will soften the connection between a foundation and superstructure and help the beam-column connections to become softer than typical ones. These structures, with the addition of rocking structural systems, follow the elastic gap opening mechanism to soften the structural seismic response. Post-tensioned energy dissipating devices and dampers are used in rocking systems to enable the structure to return to its initial position (self-centering) and to dissipate seismic energy, respectively. The current study investigated the use of a rocking shear wall system in steel moment-resistant and hinged frames and determined the amount of damage and the economic effects on the structures. For this purpose, 3D models of 3-, 9-, and 20-story SAC-project steel frames were modeled and validated according to FEMA-355C and then a hybrid rocking shear wall was added to them. The structures were designed and modeled according to common seismic codes and were analyzed using nonlinear time history when subjected to a series of records from FEMA-355C. The results showed that the use of a hinged frame attached to a rocking concrete shear wall (HFR) increased the fundamental period and inter-story displacement and decreased the amount of steel used in the 3-, 9-, and 20-story models compared to similar models with fixed connections in moment frames (MFR). The HFR shear wall models exhibited better seismic performance than MFR models, which increased their load-bearing capacity and reduced their weight, which reduced construction costs.

The Behaviour of High-Rise Building with or without Shear Wall under Different Earthquakes

CONSTRUCTION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Saffuan Wan Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Aimran Amzar Kamarudin ◽  
Wan Aniq Ridhwan Wan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Soft Story ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The One

On the 5th June 2015, an earthquake hit Ranau, Sabah with a magnitude of 6.0 that caused 18 casualties and several injuries are one of the examples that show Malaysia is not safe from any seismic event. Most of the structure in Malaysia was designed not to include seismic action.  Furthermore, an area that has a high density of population such as in the central region (Klang valley) and several main cities in Malaysia has less available land to build landed housing and uses high-rise apartments as an alternative. High-rise buildings that are normally having problems with soft story mechanisms and plan irregularity which could lead to severe damage when earthquakes happen. This study aims to observe the response of high-rise buildings when under different earthquakes in the presence of shear walls. To achieve this objective two models were modelled and analyzed by using ETABS software, the one with a shear wall and the one with no shear wall. The methods used in this study were the response spectrum method and time-history analysis. In the end, the parameters observed were base shear, story stiffness, story drift, and story displacement. The observations highlighted that the effect of earthquake intensities shows a significant effect. The acquired results indicated that the building with the shear wall is more resistant and strong structures as compared to buildings without shear wall when undergoing seismic analysis.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Alternative Seismic-Resisting Systems for CLT Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Loss ◽  
Stefano Pacchioli ◽  
Andrea Polastri ◽  
Daniele Casagrande ◽  
Luca Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Story Drift ◽  
Uplift Forces

Changes to building codes that enable use of materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) in mid- and high-rise construction are facilitating sustainable urban development in various parts of the world. Keys to this are the transition to multi-performance-based design approaches along with fewer limitations on heights or the number of storeys in superstructures constructed from combustible materials. Architects and engineers have increased freedom to apply new design and construction concepts and methods, as well as to combine timber with other structural materials. They also have started to develop wall arrangements that optimise interior space layouts and take advantage of the unique characteristics of CLT. This paper discusses the seismic response of multi-story buildings braced with a CLT core and perimeter shear walls anchored to foundations and floor platforms using modern high-capacity angle brackets and hold-downs, or X-Rad connectors. Linear dynamic finite element (FE) models of seismic responses of superstructures of various heights are presented, based on experimentally determined characteristics of wall anchor connections. Particular attention is given to fundamental vibration periods, base shear and uplift forces on walls, as well as inter-story drift. Discussion of FE model results focuses on structural engineering implications and advantages of using CLT to create shear walls, with emphasis on how choice of wall anchoring connections impacts the possible number of storeys and configurations of superstructures. Employing CLT shear walls with X-Rad or other types of high capacity anchoring connections makes possible the creation of building superstructures having eight and potentially more storeys even in high seismicity regions. However, it is important to emphasise that proper selection of suitable arrangements of shear walls for CLT buildings depends on accurate representation of the semi-rigid behaviors of anchoring connections. The linear dynamic analyses presented here demonstrates the need during engineering seismic design practices to avoid use of FE or other design models which do not explicitly incorporate connection flexibilities while estimating parameters like fundamental periods, base shear and uplift forces, as well as inter-story drift.

Effect of foundation rocking on the seismic response of shear walls

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Minimum Reinforcement ◽  
Seismic Shear ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
R Value ◽  
Lift Off

Some designers have long known that elastically responding shear-wall or core-wall type high-rise structures will not overturn if the footing size is smaller than that required to resist the elastic forces. Most shear walls are designed and built with a yield hinge mechanism at the base using a relatively high value of the force reduction factor R, and the foundation should be stronger than the yield hinge strength if the wall is to perform as designed. Many walls, however, built with R = 2 are stronger than they need to be because of reasons such as architectural sizing and minimum reinforcement requirements. If for these cases the foundation is to be stronger than the wall, then it will in effect be designed for forces corresponding to an R value of <2. This study looks at the effect on the displacement of a shear-wall type structure if the footing is allowed to rock. The structure is kept elastic and the footing is sized to correspond to R values ranging from 1.0 to 3.5. The analysis uses gap elements to model the foundation soil response so that the footing can lift off the soil. Soil stiffness and strength are modelled for a rock and a firm clay site. The response of 7-, 15-, and 30-storey structures to 11 different acceleration records, modified to match a spectrum given in the 1995 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) for Vancouver, is determined for the different footing dimensions. The results indicate that a footing sized for an R value of 2 does not result in a significant increase in displacement when compared with the fixed base elastic case. In the next version of the NBCC it is suggested that footings need not be designed for forces corresponding to R < 2.Key words: seismic shear walls, overturning, liftoff, rocking footings.

scholarly journals Influence of Opening Locations on the Structural Response of Shear Wall

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
G. Muthukumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Assumed Strain ◽  
Degenerated Shell Element

Shear walls have been conferred as a major lateral load resisting element in a building in any seismic prone zone. It is essential to determine behavior of shear wall in the preelastic and postelastic stage. Shear walls may be provided with openings due to functional requirement of the building. The size and location of opening may play a significant role in the response of shear walls. Though it is a well known fact that size of openings affects the structural response of shear walls significantly, there is no clear consensus on the behavior of shear walls under different opening locations. The present study aims to study the dynamic behavior of shear walls under various opening locations using nonlinear finite element analysis using degenerated shell element with assumed strain approach. Only material nonlinearity has been considered using plasticity approach. A five-parameter Willam-Warnke failure criterion is considered to define the yielding/crushing of the concrete with tensile cutoff. The time history responses have been plotted for all opening cases with and without ductile detailing. The analysis has been done for different damping ratios. It has been observed that the large number of small openings resulted in better displacement response.

scholarly journals Effect of Shear Wall on RC Building of Varying Heights

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 766-770
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Rc Building ◽  
The Comparative Study

Earthquake is an unexpected and expensive disaster for both livelihood and economy. In the modern day construction, there has been a lot of importance to make the structure resistant against lateral loads for multi storied building. Shear walls are an option of lateral load resisting system. The Concept of designing shear wall is to provide building structure with sufficient strength and deformation capacity to sustain the demands imposed by lateral loads with adequate margin of safety. The study focuses on effect of shear wall on R.C. building at different heights. For this purpose five models of different heights 15m, 30m, 45m, 60m and 75m and with different aspect ratios of 1.33, 0.66, 0.44, 0.33 and 0.26 respectively have been considered. All the models were designed for seismic zone V. For analysis purpose response spectrum method of analysis is considered as per IS: 1893-2002. The comparative study has been done for base shear, storey displacement, storey drift and storey stiffness. Utilization of shear walls when placed at corners of the building of low aspect ratio in high rise buildings is more effective compared to the low rise buildings of higher aspect ratio, as it gives the larger base shear and lesser displacement. The storey stiffness and storey drift is greatly improved when shear wall is placed at corners of the building

scholarly journals Optimal Seismic Design of Steel Plate Shear Walls Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kaveh ◽  
Mohamad Farhadmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Metaheuristic Algorithms ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Walls ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Wall ◽  
Colliding Bodies Optimization

In this paper three well-known metaheuristic algorithms comprising of Colliding Bodies Optimization, Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization are employed for size and performance optimization of steel plate shear wall systems. Low seismic and high seismic optimal designs of these systems are performed according to the provisions of AISC 360 and AISC 341. In one part of the low seismic example, a moment frame and Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPW) strength are compared. Performance optimization of the Special Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) for size optimized system is one of the objectives of the high seismic example. Finally, base shear sensitivity analysis on optimal high seismic design of SPSW and size optimization of a 6-story to a 12-story SPSW are performed to have a comprehensive view on the optimal design of steel plate shear walls.

Numerical Study of Stiffened Steel Plate Shear Wall with Opening under Horizontal and Vertical Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 563-567
Author(s):  
Zong Jing Li ◽  
Gan Ping Shu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Wall ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Hysteretic Performance ◽  
Stiffened Steel

When steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are fitted into a long-span truss system, horizontal and vertical deformation should both be considered to evaluate the seismic performance of the structure. Numerical analysis is conducted to study the seismic performance of stiffened steel plate shear wall with opening subject to horizontal and vertical loading respectively based on a project. Results of the analysis indicate that stress distribution and deformation patterns of SPSW with opening are quite similar under horizontal and vertical loading. Stiffeners around the opening should be stretched to full height or width of the SPSW and strengthened by using larger thickness or width. The grids at the four corners of the opening are recommended to be further strengthened by additional stiffeners. SPSW with opening exhibits good hysteretic performance and energy dissipation in both loading directions.

Calculation Method of the Horizontal Displacement on the Multi-Grid Composite Wall-Shear Wall Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 706-711
Author(s):  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Meng Guo ◽  
Peng Fei Li ◽  
Qian Feng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Composite Wall ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Composite Walls

The multi-grid composite wall-shear wall structure (the hybrid structure discussed in this paper) is a new dual structural system consisting of the multi-grid composite walls and the RC shear walls. Because of the shear deformation of the composite walls subject to arbitrary loads, it is not accurate to calculate the horizontal displacement of the hybrid structure by using the displacement formulations of the frame-shear wall structure. And therefore, a displacement calculation method for the hybrid structure subjected to horizontal loads should be proposed. In this paper, the composite walls are viewed as shear-flexural type cantilever walls and the shear walls as flexural type cantilever walls. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the displacement differential equation of the hybrid structure is proposed by the continuum method. The analytical solutions of the displacement equation for the hybrid structure subject to the inverse triangle load are obtained with boundary conditions. The example indicates that the lateral displacement curve of the hybrid structure from the proposed method exhibits a shear-flexural type characteristic in which the shear deformation should not be ignored.

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