scholarly journals Quality of Life and Women’s Descriptive Representation: Female Emergence and Success in the 2018 Czech Local Elections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Pavel Maškarinec
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Local Party

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of quality of life, together with other factors, on female candidates̕ willingness to run for office and women’s descriptive representation in the 2018 Czech local elections. We found that the effect of some variables was different in the case of women’s emergence and success. While the share of female candidates was higher in larger cities with lower quality of life and less nationalized local party systems, women were much more successful in smaller cities with lower quality of life, less nationalized local party systems and a more strongly gendered context in the sense of previous female representation, both in city councils and on corporate boards of firms owned by the city. While the positive effect of size on women’s emergence can be explained with the larger city’s context which generates more access points for emergence of women candidates, the negative effect of size on women’s success was due to the desirability of office effect. Furthermore, the very small effect of previous female representation on the share of female candidates can be explained by the existence of an incumbency effect, which may also underlie the different influence of the representation of women in municipally-owned firms’ management. Finally, the negative effect of quality of life (at the level of both candidacy and representation) can also be linked with the desirability hypothesis. The drive to win representation and make decisions about the life of the community can be expected to be much stronger in municipalities with higher quality of life.

Women and Local Politics: Determinants of Women’s Emergence and Success in Elections to Czech Town Councils, 1998–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742199287
Author(s):  
Pavel Maškarinec
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Strategic Context

The main objective of this paper is to analyse where women run for and win seats in local councils of Czech towns between 1998 and 2018. Our results are to some extent contradictory to those from Western Europe. More importantly, this study demonstrates that strategic context impacts on women’s emergence and success in local elections in a different way. First, we do not confirm that larger towns are more promising for women’s representation. While more fragmented party systems in larger cities contribute to making women’s candidacy more common, a large pool of female candidates does not result in their higher presence in local councils. Second, we identify openness of local environment to women, in terms of women’s previous representation, as a strong determinant of female representation in Czech towns, both in terms of candidacy and success.

scholarly journals Application of comprehensive rehabilitation programs after radical treatment of prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Yashkov ◽  
Tatyana A. Sivokhina ◽  
Svetlana A. Burmistrova ◽  
Natalia G. Rybakova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Neuromuscular Stimulation ◽  
Radical Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Combined Technique

Background. The main side effect of most of the methods of treating prostate cancer is incontinence of urine in varying degrees of severity. Although in most cases incontinence is a temporary phenomenon, this problem occurs in 3963% of patients during the first two years after treatment, and about 2456% of patients have to use urological pads or condoms. Incontinence of urine is also a serious psychological traumatic factor, which has аn extremely negative effect on patients quality of life. Aim: to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of complex rehabilitation programs in the correction of urinary incontinence in men who have undergone radical treatment for prostate cancer. Materials and methods. The study included patients with stage IIII prostate cancer, mean age 55 6 years, with complications after radical prostatectomy for at least 2 months without a tendency to improve in the form of moderate and severe urinary incontinence. Results. The combined technique of correction of urinary incontinence, modified by us, using neuromuscular stimulation, physiotherapy exercises and psychocorrectional exercises, has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the quality of life in this group of patients. Conclusions. The combined technique of correction of an incontience of urine with use of neuromuscular stimulation, physiotherapy exercises and the psychocorrection of occupations is presented in this article, the assessment of efficiency of this comprehensive program of rehabilitation, and also improvement of quality of life of patients is carried out.

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Dasatinib and Low Dose Pegylated Interferon

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4260-4260
Author(s):  
Henrik Hjorth-Hansen ◽  
Satu Mustjoki ◽  
Ulla Olsson-Strömberg ◽  
Jesper Stentoft ◽  
Fabio Efficace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pegylated Interferon ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized CML treatment but only a minority of patients are candidates to discontinue their TKI treatment, i.e. achieve treatment-free remission (TFR). Therefore, for the majority of patients TKI treatments are lifelong and it becomes critical to understand impact of therapy on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).To obtain a maximal response for TFR, second generation TKIs like Dasatinib (DAS) induce deeper and faster responses than imatinib,and combination with pegylated forms of interferon-α2 have shown promising effect in several studies. Aims: To prospectively examine HRQoL outcomes in CML patients treated with DAS plus low-dose pegylated interferon- α2b (PegIFN). Methods: We have performed a single armed study (NordCML007) using DAS 100 mg OD from inclusion through the study including 40 patients, of these 31 were male. From month 3 (M3) low-dose PegIFN was added for one year until M15. We chose, based on previous experience, a dose of only 15 µg/week for 3 months and if tolerated, the dose was increased to 25 µg/week from M6. At M12, 80% of patients still took PegIFN and the mean administered dose was 18 µg/week. Side effects were moderate and fewer patients than expected developed pleural effusions in the combination period. Efficacy of the combination measured by BCR-ABL1 RQ-PCR was superior to the historical control DASISION, exemplified by M12 achievement of MMR, 46% vs 86% and MR4, 12% vs 46%. Before starting this project, concern was raised regarding tolerability of PegIFN. An acceptable tolerability of combined TKI+PegIFN is key for inclusion of combination treatment as standard of caretreatment. We did expect moderate negative effect of PegIFN treatment on HRQoL parameters. We assessed HRQoL with the well validated and widely used EORTC-QLQC30 questionnaire combined with the disease-specific CML module EORTC-CML24 at study inclusion and thereafter at 3, 6, 12 and at 18 months. Patient scoring was also compared with sex- and age-matched normative data. Results: Patients completed HRQOL questionnaires at baseline, M3 (DAS only), M6 and M12 (on combination) and finally at M18 (DAS only). About 80% of HRQOL forms were completed, withh 31-33 respondents at each time point. Most of these patients completed all forms. CML patients at baseline had statistically and clinically significant poorer scores for "Overall quality of life" (65 vs 77 points), "Role functioning" (72 vs 87 points), "Emotional functioning" (73 vs 82 points,) "Social functioning" (79 vs 91 points), "Fatigue" (32 vs 19 points) and "Insomnia" (25 vs 16 points) compared to matched normal populations (a difference of >5 pts is estimated to representa difference of clinically significance) During treatment, scoring of all modalities approached the normative (i.e. no statistical difference), except for "Fatigue". Most of the improvement occurred during the first 3 months, i.e on DAS alone. Of note, HRQOL scores remained stable or improved further also with combination treatment, hence we observed no negative effect of low dose PegIFN treatment. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that low-dose PegIFN in combination with DAS has no detrimental effects on HRQOL over time. Rather we observed improvement with regard to CML disease specific HRQOL domains. The efficacy, safety and HRQoL data encourages further study of PegIFN in combination with 2nd generation TKIs. Disclosures Hjorth-Hansen: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Merck Sharp&Dohme: Research Funding. Mustjoki:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria. Olsson-Strömberg:Merck Sharp and Dohme: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers-Squibb: Research Funding. Stentoft:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Merck Sharp&Dohme: Research Funding. Efficace:Orsenix: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Lundbeck: Research Funding; TEVA: Research Funding; AMGEN: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; TEVA: Consultancy; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy.

Study Documents LymphedemaʼS Negative Effect on Quality of Life

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
&NA;
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Effect

Delinking National and Local Party Systems: New Parties in Japanese Local Elections

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Victor Leonard Hijino
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
National Level ◽  
Liberal Democratic Party ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Intraparty Conflict ◽  
Local Party

Broader structural developments in Japan in the past two decades—decline of clientelist practices, partisan de-alignment, and decentralization—have dissolved traditionally close ties between national and local party systems, creating an environment conducive to the emergence of local parties. In this context, popular chief executives in four regions launched new parties. I trace how these parties emerged and how national parties reacted to them, from the appearance of the new-party leaders to the 2011 local elections. In comparing the four cases, two factors appear to shape their trajectories: the urbanness of their electoral environments and the responses of the two national parties at the local and the national level. In dealing with the new challengers, both the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party of Japan experienced considerable intraparty conflict and defections, indicating a process of delinking between national and local party systems.

scholarly journals How I treat acne scars?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rasya Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Patient Expectations ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Exposure Age ◽  
Acne Scars ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acne Treatment ◽  
Multiple Treatments

Acne scars affect up to 95% of those suffering from acne and have a significant negative effect on quality of life. It is imperative to complete acne treatment before scar treatment commences. The treatment of the scars begins with the analysis of the skin type, scar type, lifestyle, and sun exposure. Age of the patient, patient expectations, timelines, and budget are important considerations. Treatment of the scars includes release of the subdermal bands with subcision, improvement of the neocollagenosis by causing regular thermal or mechanical microinjury to the dermis, improvement of epidermal pigment, and improvement of skin hydration. Often, multiple treatments and multimodality treatments need to be used to give satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of individuals sharing a household with persons with dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Dams ◽  
Thomas Grochtdreis ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lower Hrqol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Previous research has found a negative effect of dementia on the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of persons with dementia (PWD) and their primary informal caregivers. However, the impact of dementia on HrQoL of other individuals sharing a household with PWD has not been investigated to date. The current study therefore aimed to determine differences in the HrQoL between those sharing a household with PWD and those not living with PWD. In addition, factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD were evaluated. Methods The analyses were based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, using the SF-12 to measure HrQoL. Mixed-effects models were calculated to compare the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD and persons not living with PWD, as well as to determine factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD. Bootstrapping was used where residuals were not normally distributed. Results Mixed-effect models showed a significantly lower HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD, compared to those not living with PWD. Number of diseases, number of persons in the household, marital status and educational level were significantly related to HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD. Discussion The HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD was reduced compared to persons not living with PWD. Further, those living with PWD in small households, or those with multi-morbidities had a lower HrQoL. Further research focusing on HrQoL in the social environment of PWD is needed.

scholarly journals Quality of life in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Andreevna Shishkova ◽  
Oleg Gennad'evich Motovilin ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Surkova ◽  
Sergey Ivanovich Divisenko ◽  
Alexander Yur'evich Mayorov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Effect

Aim. To study quality of life (QL) in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) depending on clinical characteristics, diabetes-related behaviour,and demographic indices. Materials and methods. The study included 89 patients (25 men aged 18-28 years) with DM1. Exclusion criteria were newly diagnosed DM, terminalstages of diabetic complications, severe concomitant somatic and psychic diseases. The patients filled the socio-demographic questionnaire, theirHbA1c was measured. QL was estimated using the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire and general well-beingbased on the Well-Being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12). In addition, the frequency of glycemia self-control was determined as an aspect of the diabetes-related behaviour. Results. Mean age of the patients was 22.3?3.0 years, mean duration of DM 9.6?5.8 years, mean HbA1c level 9.7?2.4%. It was shown that CD1has negative effect on all QL aspects (integrated significance of effect based on all scales -1.8). The most seriously affected aspects were dietaryfreedom (-2.9), professional and physical activities (-2.9 and -2.8 respectively), feeling secure about the future (-2.6). ADDQoL did not reveal a relationshipbetween any of these aspects and the HbA1c level. However, results of W-BQ12 suggest a rise in HbA1c associated with the high frequencyof negative emotions (r=-0.242, p = 0.023) and the low level of general emotional well-being (r=-0.253, p=0.019). Progressive diabetic nephropathyhad negative effect on professional activity (r=-0.317, p=0.025), financial well-being (r=-0.242, p=0.025), ability to move over a distance (r=-0.215,r=0.046), and ability to do something (r=-0.295, p=0.006). The highest QL level was documented in the patients who controlled glycemia 1-2 timesa week (mean over all scales -1.2). Lower or high frequencies of self-control were associated with the general worsening of QL (-2.3 and -2.1 respectively,p=0.005). The highest level of emotional well-being was revealed in the patients who controlled glycemia 1-2 times a week (24.7 W-Q12scores). A higher or lower frequency of self-control was associated with deterioration of emotional well-being (22.5 and 20.5 points respectively,p=0.019). ADDQoL data suggest sex-related differences in QL. In women, DM1 had stronger negative effect on the quality of domestic life (-3.2 comparedwith -2.2 in men, p=0.001), social life (-2.5 and -0.9, p=0.021) and dietary freedom (-3.4 and -1.8, p=0.007). Moreover, women experiencedstronger diabetes-related negative emotions than men (4.1 vs 2.5 points, p=0.007, W-B12).Сахарный диабет Обучение и психосоциальные аспекты44 4/2010Conclusion. DM1 has negative effect on all QL aspects. Dietary freedom, professional and physical activities, feeling secure about the future are moststrongly affected. The most important factors through which these effects are mediated include clinical characteristics (quality of compensation ofcarbohydrate metabolism, diabetic complications), DM-related behaviour (frequency of glycemia self-control), and gender.

scholarly journals Toward Urban Spaces of Quality: Through the Existing Urban Legislations in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Haitham El Sharnouby
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Urban Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
The City

Egyptian urban spaces suffer from a chaos that is the result of crowded and disordered pedestrian sidewalks, streets and shop signage. This chaos creates a negative effect on, both, the image of the city and the quality of life within these urban spaces. Many legislations and regulations in Egypt attempted to deal with these issues. Similarly, the Egyptian government established many organizations and authorities in order to deal with these issues with little success. The National Organization of Urban Harmony (NOUH) is one of those organizations established by the government to take the responsibility of dealing with pedestrian sidewalk and shops’ signage while the municipality deals with road occupations. These organizations should perform their responsibilities through the Egyptian legislations. The research at hand aims to find a solution to that particular problem which has influenced the quality of the street and its reflection to the quality of life as result. In order to find a solution, the research attempts to find a mechanism to boost the role of shop signage as an element of urban spaces in order to emphasize street quality. Thus, the research well be divided into four parts: part one reviews the quality of urban spaces and the meaning of its terms while part two reviews the concept of the quality of life and the relation between the quality of life and urban spaces. Part three demonstrates the urban quality of life through tangible and intangible approaches. Finally, part four reviews the Egyptian legislations that deal with research issues and attempts to find the difficulties that faced when enforcing laws. Finally, the research conclusion illustrates the most important issues in the research and their proposed solutions.

scholarly journals Effects of overactive bladder on treatment-related behaviour and quality of life in an Eastern European country: findings from the LUTS POLAND Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Przydacz ◽  
Marcin Chlosta ◽  
Przemyslaw Dudek ◽  
Piotr Chlosta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lower Urinary

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate treatment-related behaviour and quality of life of a Polish population that reported symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. The analysis also evaluated the impact of individual lower urinary tract symptoms and their specific bother on treatment seeking, treatment receiving, treatment satisfaction, and treatment continuation, in the same population.Material and methodsThe participants were aged ≥ 40 years with possible diagnosis of OAB based on a score of ≥ 8 on the OAB-V8 questionnaire. Respondents used Likert-like scales to rate the frequency and symptom-specific bother of individual lower urinary tract symptoms. Regression models were constructed to analyse all associations.ResultsOf 6005 participants, 33.9% (n = 2041) had a possible diagnosis of OAB. Almost 40% (n = 810) were seeking treatment, and most participants received treatment (37.7%, n = 770). There was no difference between individuals in urban and rural areas. Prescribed drugs were the most common treatment for OAB symptoms. We did not observe differences in treatment satisfaction or dissatisfaction between men and women, but statistically more men than women continued their treatment. Symptoms of all categories, not only storage, but also voiding, and post-micturition, were associated with a negative effect on an individual’s treatment-related outcome. Finally, OAB had a negative effect on quality of life because 43% (n = 878) of persons with possible OAB had concerns about their quality of life related to their urinary condition.ConclusionsThis study is the first Eastern European population-representative analysis of treatment-related behaviours for OAB. Our study highlights the importance of patient education about the condition and treatment options.

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