scholarly journals “Kia hiwa rā!” How Māori-language journalists adapt elements of whaikōrero for newswork

Te Kaharoa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atakohu Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
The Way

Aotearoa has a substantial Māori-language news and current affairs sector. A notable aspect of the field is the way in which journalists have imported elements of the ancient and enduring art of whaikōrero, or public oratory, into standard structures of news communication and framing. For example, incantations that are commonly used to open whaikōrero are refashioned to open news shows, and figures of speech based in ancient thought are reinterpreted to illuminate modern concepts. Using textual, intertextual and conversation analysis, this novel paper examines the language of journalists and presenters on four Māori-language news and current affairs programmes to demonstrate how they weave elements of whaikōrero into their on-air work. This paper also discusses the cultural and linguistic issues broadcasters consider.

Patients’ practices for taking the initiative in decision-making in outpatient psychiatric consultations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuya Kushida ◽  
Takeshi Hiramoto ◽  
Yuriko Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
The Way

In spite of increasing advocacy for patients’ participation in psychiatric decision-making, there has been little research on how patients actually participate in decision-making in psychiatric consultations. This study explores how patients take the initiative in decision-making over treatment in outpatient psychiatric consultations in Japan. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, we analyze 85 video-recorded ongoing consultations and find that patients select between two practices for taking the initiative in decision-making: making explicit requests for a treatment and displaying interest in a treatment without explicitly requesting it. A close inspection of transcribed interaction reveals that patients make explicit requests under the circumstances where they believe the candidate treatment is appropriate for their condition, whereas they merely display interest in a treatment when they are not certain about its appropriateness. By fitting practices to take the initiative in decision-making with the way they describe their current condition, patients are optimally managing their desire for particular treatments and the validity of their initiative actions. In conclusion, we argue that the orderly use of the two practices is one important resource for patients’ participation in treatment decision-making.

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

scholarly journals Vicissitudes of laughter

Pragmatics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-300
Author(s):  
Kevin McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Humanitarian Aid Workers ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper is concerned with the way that laughter is employed to manage threats to interlocutor affiliation in talk among humanitarian aid workers as they describe their professional activities in settings of armed conflict. I first set out to situate my analysis within the tradition of work in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EM), exploring how that approach differs in significant ways from work in pragmatics and related traditions of discourse analytic research. Unlike the latter approaches, EM examines laughter for the intelligibility it is deployed by speakers to furnish, so that the presumption of laughter’s revelatory nature which characterizes a pragmatically-oriented analysis is seen as a participant resource for rendering the situated significance of actions visible by and for the involved parties of a given episode of interaction. Following this, I examine talk from open-ended interviews with aid agency operatives who work in Israel and the Palestinian Territories, exploring how laughter is employed to manage threats to interlocutor affiliation where the potential accusation of opportunism arises in accounts of personal job satisfaction as against the legitimacy otherwise afforded with an appeal to altruism and self-sacrifice. Where speakers attend to the criticism of humanitarian activity for its significance in affecting outcomes of warfare, the management of these different demands is accomplished in reflexive work to ironize their own and others’ formulations of motivation for pursuing humanitarian work.

Embodied orientations towards co-participants in multinational meetings

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markaki ◽  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Way

The interactional organization of meetings is an important locus of observation for understanding the way in which institutions are talked into being. This article contributes to this growing body of research by focusing on turn-taking and participation in business meetings, approached within conversation analysis in a sequential and multimodal way. On the basis of a corpus of video-recorded corporate meetings of a multinational company, in which managers coming from several European branches convene, the article takes into consideration the embodied orientations of the participants as they address each other, as they turn to particular addressees or groups in a recipient designed way while describing, informing, announcing events and results, and as they make relevant specific participants’ identities – especially national categories – and, in this way, display specific local expectations regarding rights and obligations to talk and to know.

Connectives in Free Indirect Style: Continuity or Shift?

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Sotirova
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Critical Comment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Free Indirect Style ◽  
The Way

This article re-examines the role of connectives in free indirect style. Connectives in sentence-initial position have been singled out as a marker of the style because of their frequency in spoken discourse (Fludernik, 1993). They have also been analysed as continuative devices which help the reader to sustain an already established interpretation of perspective across sentences of free indirect style (Ehrlich, 1990). My concern here is with a newly exemplified role of connectives to shift perspective and I have selected passages from D. H. Lawrence which have elicited critical comment in relation to point of view (Adamson, 1995; Baron, 1998). I turn to the contribution of conversation analysis and correlate the uses of connectives turn-initially with their use at points of perspectival shifts. My main conclusion is that connectives also relate viewpoints to each other much in the way that they relate utterances in conversation. Finally, this correlation between the interactive role of connectives and their shifting role in point of view presentation bears on the theories of free indirect style more generally. It strongly supports Bakhtin’s dialogical model.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Implicature and Inference as Influenced by Primary Stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Cristina Dimulescu
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Meaning Creation ◽  
Meaning Disambiguation ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper attempts to explain language as a process of meaning creation by a speaker (implicature) and meaning disambiguation by a hearer (inference) at the basis of which there is a complex mechanism of reality perception, internalization and verbalization. This mechanism of implicature/inference is studied from two interconnecting perspectives: Conversation Analysis and Neuro Linguistic Programming. While the former investigates the function of the utterance in context, the latter explores the way speakers and hearers internalize reality depending on how they see, hear and feel the world around them.

The multimodal interactional organization of tasting: Practices of tasting cheese in gourmet shops

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Way

Taste is a central sense for humans and animals, and it has been largely studied either from physiological and neurological approaches or from socio-cultural ones. This paper adopts another view, focused on the activity of tasting rather than on the sense of taste, approached within the perspective of ethnomethodology and multimodal conversation analysis. This view addresses the activity of tasting as it is interactionally organized in specific social settings, observed in a naturalistic way, on the basis of video recordings. Focusing on video recorded improvised tastings of cheese in gourmet shop encounters, the paper offers a systematic analysis of the way in which tasting is orderly achieved in an intersubjective way. It follows the various steps characterizing tasting, from the invitation to taste, to the grasping of a bit to taste, which is put in the mouth, chewed, and swallowed; it details how an interactional moment offering the taster a priviledged, individual, focused space in which to devote exclusive attention to the object tasted is actively tailored by all parties. By contrast, the completion of tasting is marked by a return to mutual gaze, the animation of facial expressions and nods, and the final production of a judgment of taste. By offering a systematic reconstruction of how these tasting moments are organized, the paper invites to a multimodal approach of sensoriality in social interaction.

scholarly journals Variation and Interactional Non-Standardization in Neuropsychological Tests: The Case of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-470
Author(s):  
Danielle Jones ◽  
Ray Wilkinson ◽  
Clare Jackson ◽  
Paul Drew
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination ◽  
The Way

The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-111) is a neuropsychological test used in clinical practice to inform a dementia diagnosis. The ACE-111 relies on standardized administration so that patients’ scores can be interpreted by comparison with normative scores. The test is delivered and responded to in interaction between clinicians and patients, which places talk-in-interaction at the heart of its administration. In this article, conversation analysis (CA) is used to investigate how the ACE-111 is delivered in clinical practice. Based on analysis of 40 video/audio-recorded memory clinic consultations in which the ACE-111 was used, we have found that administrative standardization is rarely achieved in practice. There was evidence of both (a) interactional variation in the way the clinicians introduce the test and (b) interactional non-standardization during its implementation. We show that variation and interactional non-standardization have implications for patients’ understanding and how they might respond to particular questions.

Enticing a challengeable in arguments

Pragmatics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Speaker Selection ◽  
The Way

This article reports on an interactional practice found in one form of adversarial talk, arguments during protests, where participants work to ‘entice’ a particular answer from an opponent using an uncontroversial questions in order to challenge the opponent on the basis of their own answer. Based on a collection of arguments during protests posted to YouTube, this article uses conversation analysis (CA) in order to investigate the way in which participants employ these uncontroversial questions as ‘pre-challenges’, using speaker selection, recipient focused topics and a moral ordering of talk to work to obligate a particular answer from the recipient. The results of the analysis illustrate several ways in which participants manipulate epistemics, speaker selection, and recipient design as resources for enacting social conflict.

The problem of entanglement: Biases and fallacies in police conflict management

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110640
Author(s):  
Mario S Staller ◽  
Benjamin Zaiser ◽  
Swen Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force ◽  
Systemic Understanding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Cognitive biases have been identified as drivers of the excessive use of force, which has determined current affairs across the globe. In this article, we argue that the police are facing serious challenges in combating these biases. These challenges stem from the nature of cognitive biases, their sources and the fallacies that mislead police professionals in the way they think about them. Based on a framework of expert decision-making fallacies and biases, we argue that these fallacies limit the impact of efforts to mitigate cognitive biases in police conflict management. In order to achieve a systemic understanding of cognitive biases and their detrimental effects, the article concludes that implementing reflexive structures within the police is a crucial prerequisite to effectively reflect on external influences and to limit bias and fallacies from further unfolding in a self-referential loop.

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