scholarly journals The economic crisis – its causes and results and the limiting ventures (selected aspects)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Bogusław Ślusarczyk ◽  
Bożena Sowa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
Economic Collapse

Economic crisis, which took place in the years 2008–2009, was one of the biggest cri-ses, which affected the world’s economy. It began in the United States, and then it moved through most countries in the world, especially the highly developed, and the effects of this crisis have been very painful for the entire global economy. It should be stressed that the framework of the economic crisis include the period 2008–2010, although its roots go back to an earlier period than 2008, and its consequences – accord-ing to the authors – will be felt for many years. In the wide range, the financial crisis referred to the economic collapse, caused by making the wrong decisions by the monetary authorities of individual countries, unskilful ac-tions of speculators and recession on the course of business cycle. Undoubtedly it was globalisation which contributed to such state, which has led to a great openness of economies, which in turn resulted in the transfer between all economic phenomena, both the positive and the negative. Moreover, globalisation caused the fact that crisis phenomena are growing strong, more and more noticeable and faster and faster move between individual countries. Trade and financial relations, and (perhaps most importantly) the panic in the markets, are responsible for this process.

United States and Its Challenge to Multilateralism in the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-419
Author(s):  
Krishnakumar S.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Merchandise Trade

With Donald Trump as President of United States, multilateralism in the world economy is facing an unprecedented challenge. The international economic institutions that have evolved since the fifties are increasingly under the risk of being undermined. With the growing assertion of the emerging and developing economies in the international fora, United States is increasingly sceptical of its ability to maneuvre such institutions to suit its own purpose. This is particularly true with respect to WTO, based on “one country one vote” system. The tariff rate hikes initiated by the leader country in the recent past pose a serious challenge to the multilateral trading system. The paper tries to undertake a critical overview of the US pre-occupation of targeting economies on the basis of the bilateral merchandise trade surpluses of countries, through the trade legislations like Omnibus Act and Trade Facilitation Act. These legislations not only ignore the growing share of the United States in the growing invisibles trade in the world economy, but also read too much into the bilateral trade surpluses of economies with United States and the intervention done by them in the foreign exchange market.

Doing Grandparenthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-131
Author(s):  
Ken Chih-Yan Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Gender Specific

This chapter reveals older immigrants' strategies for grandparenthood that testify to the significance of temporalities of migration. It analyzes the interplay between the time aging immigrants spent in the United States and their observations of the changing global economy, which leads them to assign new meanings to intimate relations with their grandchildren. It also talks about how older immigrants developed new rights, responsibilities, obligations, and entitlements after welcoming grandchildren to the world. The chapter underscores gender as an organizing principle that informs the division of labor between grandfathers and grandmothers. It points out how older migrant women and men interpret their responsibilities, obligations, and commitments to a third generation in gender-specific ways, even if both value grandparenting.

Introduction: There Was a Moment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Luke Patey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Technology Leaders ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Engagement ◽  
Political Economic

China views the decline of the United States and the West as signal to advance its interests, norms, and values on the world stage. But sentiments that one superpower will replace another miss the bigger picture. China’s rise to the commanding heights of the global economy and world affairs is not preordained. Its potential evolution into a global superpower, with a deep presence and strong influence over economic, political, military, and culture abroad, will rather be conditioned by how China behaves toward the rest of the world, and how the world responds. The world’s other large economies, major militaries, technology leaders, and cultural hubs will be significant in shaping the future world. For developed and developing countries alike, there is recognition that economic engagement with China produces strategic vulnerabilities to their own competitiveness and foreign policy and defense autonomy. China will struggle to realize its political, economic, and military global ambitions.

The Study of Symbiosis Question of Clusters Enterprise Value Chain in the “Post Crisis Era” - A Perspective Based on Value Network and Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2845-2848
Author(s):  
Hua Bai Bu ◽  
Shi Zhen Bu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Value Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Economic Crisis

Along with the constant evolution of the world economy, the global economic crisis which was following the United States sub-prime loans crisis has entered “post crisis era”. However, it is still not resolved that this crisis has highlighted the problem of abnormal inner structure of clusters enterprise value chain in our country, and some developmental obstacles coexist in the cluster enterprises. This article addresses the realities of the “post crisis era” with value network and Grid as the starting points and puts forward a symbiotic path of cluster enterprises value chain, and then provides a theoretical basis for the decision about the symbiosis.

How China Loses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Patey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
New Era ◽  
Strategic Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Economic Engagement ◽  
Rising Power

China wants to replace the United States as the world’s leading superpower. But what does the world want from China? In a new era of strategic competition between China and the United States, Luke Patey explores how the rest of the world is responding to China’s rise. Many fear that China’s economic power, tech innovations, and growing military might will allow it to remake the world in its own authoritarian image. But despite all its strengths, a future with China in charge is far from certain. China will rule the twenty-first century only if the world lets it. How China Loses tells the story of China’s struggles to overcome new risks and endure the global backlash against its assertive reach. Combining on-the-ground reportage with incisive analysis, Patey argues that China’s predatory economic agenda, headstrong diplomacy, and military expansion undermine its global ambitions. In travels to Africa, Latin America, East Asia, and Europe, his encounters with activists, business managers, diplomats, and thinkers show the challenges threatening China’s rising power. China’s relations with the outside world are reaching a critical juncture. Political differences and security tensions have risen, and many countries are now recognizing that economic engagement produces new strategic vulnerabilities to their competitiveness and autonomy. At a time when views from Washington and Beijing dominate the discussion, Patey’s work shows how perspectives from around the world will shape the global economy and world affairs.

Editorial Introduction to the Symposium on the Global Financial Crisis

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Ashman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

AbstractThe current global economic crisis is historically unprecedented in that it began when poor groups in the United States defaulted on their mortgage-payments and spread fear of 'toxic debt' through an internationalised financial system, bringing the banking system close to collapse and highlighting the very individualised nature of contemporary financial relations. The symposium explores contemporary finance and banking practices in the context of Marxist political economy seeking to develop the notion of financialisation and arguing that banks' increasing reliance on individual households as a source of profits amounts to a form of financial expropriation or additional profit generated in the sphere of circulation.

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

scholarly journals Nervous Giant: China and the Financial Crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Patrick Farrell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Current Financial Crisis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

While the current financial crisis is widely acknowledged to be global, surprisingly little attention has been paid to its effect on one of the largest players in the global economy. China has weathered the crisis extremely well, though its growth has slowed slightly. I will analyze this by looking at China’s purchases of debt, the Chinese holdings of debt in the United States and its growing holdings in Europe, and the policy decisions directing this. This shows an intriguing change in the policy decisions that led to China becoming such a large holder of American debt. China amassed its large holdings of debt from the United States by merit of the strong trade relationship between the two countries, as well as the stability of the U.S. dollar. However, China’s interest in buying up Italian debt and forming stronger bonds with other Eurozone and European countries seems to speak to a different motive. Rather than allowing its reserves of foreign capital to grow over time, as it did with its U.S. debt, China is making a more aggressive move in this case. Thanks to its relative stability during the crisis, I believe this shows us that China is seeking to both ensure the continued security of its economic growth and increase its economic influence, thus using the instability of the global financial crisis to kill two birds with one stone.

scholarly journals Assumptions of the Global Economic Crisis and Its Inception in the Spring of 2020 Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Alexey Portanskiy ◽  
◽  
Yulia Sudakova ◽  
Alexander Larionov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Economic Crisis

Analytical agencies, as well as international organizations, have identified significant threats to the development of the world economy, increasing the likelihood of a new global financial crisis in late 2020–early 2021. The main challenges to the system come from trade wars that could lead to a crisis in the international system of trade regulation, a decrease in the effectiveness of public policy instruments, and a deterioration in the dynamics of global economic growth. An important factor leading to a slowdown in the global economy in 2020 will also be the coronavirus pandemic, although it is difficult, in the first half of 2020, to assess its final impact. The combination of these negative factors, coupled with the unresolved problems of the 2008 global financial crisis, significantly increases the likelihood of a new global economic crisis which could surpass the Great Depression of the 1930s. This study systematizes the main forecasts by international organizations and analytical agencies for the growth of the world economy and considers various theoretical concepts to identify the symptoms of the impending crisis. Ultimately, this article offers options for reducing the negative impact of the crisis on Russia. In connection with the coronavirus pandemic, preliminary estimates have been made of the likely damage to the world economy and the prospects for its recovery.

Water and Food in the American West

2018 ◽  
pp. 320-343
Author(s):  
Josué Medellín-Azuara ◽  
Jay Lund ◽  
Daniel A. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
American West ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Groundwater Overdraft ◽  
Wide Range

The American West, the last region in the continental United States to be developed for extensive agriculture, is characterized by a wide range of biomes including arid, and semiarid regions, forest, and coastline. In its less water-rich places, this has forced the development of water supply infrastructure for agriculture and cities. The American West rapidly became an agricultural powerhouse to the United States and a major exporter of agricultural commodities in global economy. This chapter reviews agriculture in the western United States, followed by a short review of major western water issues for agriculture, including surface water shortages from drought and persistent groundwater overdraft. The California 2012–2016 drought is used as a case study to identify lessons for future food and fiber production in California, the western United States, and globally.

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