scholarly journals ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ СТАНДАРТІВ ПІДГОТОВКИ КВАЛІФІКОВАНОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ У США

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-263
Author(s):  
Наталія Никоненко ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Teachers Training

The systemic transformation of educational forms for children with special educational needs in the United States is considered one of the basic categories of the evolution of American education system and the corresponding changes in the system of teacher training for such children. The public awareness of the need to teach all children resulted in changes in the federal and state legislation, which directly affects the development of the education system, especially the availability and quality of education for all children, training teachers to work with them and implemented in various forms of interaction between students and teachers. Educators should be able to interact effectively with students with special educational needs, to self-actualize in the profession, and at the same time to find jobs in the profession easily, as their qualifications meet the requirements of the labor market, so developing corresponding standards becomes extremely important. The study of the American experience in the training of special education teachers provides a historical and comparative analysis of relevant standards. As a result of the analysis, conclusions were made about the dependence of special education teachers’ training standards on social, political, economic and other factors that determined the characteristics of care and education for people with disabilities, and thus directly influenced the formation of special education teachers’ training system in the United States. The analysed standards were adopted in different eras of special education teachers’ preparation: categorical orientation era (until late 1970s), noncategorical (1980-1990), and inclusive ones. The current content and organization of special education teacher training and inclusive education in the United States comply with the special teacher code of ethics, professional standards, and standards for the training, retraining, and certification of special education teachers according to their specialization. The purpose of this work is to study the specifics of standards for preservice special education teachers’ preparation in the USA as well as comparing the experience in Ukraine and formulating proposals for the domestic educational system reformation.

scholarly journals Trends in Inclusive Education in the USA and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Maryna Grynova ◽  
Iryna Kalinichenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Special Educational Needs

Abstract This paper deals with foreign experience of implementing inclusive education for children with special educational needs in the United States and Canada. Legal documents on inclusive education in foreign countries have been analyzed. The most relevant topic of American and Canadian scholars’ researches on reforming special education is related to integration, that is gradual transition from exclusion of children with special educational needs to inclusion in comprehensive schools. Based on the analysis of American and Canadian researches on inclusive education it has been concluded that the changes in legislation and education policies of North American countries aim to achieve the highest level of progress in regular education and special education. It has been found that the development of inclusive education in Canada has undergone and is significantly influenced by the American education system. However, unlike the United States, Canada does not have a single legislative act that would standardize the introduction of inclusive education in the country. Each province has autonomous educational documents that specify the requirements for the inclusive education organization. It has been specified that in American schools, effective educational technology in inclusive education is a team approach when effective partner relationships are formed. A key to the successful integration of a child with special educational needs is the development of an individual curriculum. The Canadian education system, having its own national peculiarities that predetermine the differences in the course of education reforms, has always supported the democratic movement for civil rights and anti-discriminatory attitudes in US education. Foreign law and inclusive practice are an important source of ideas about possible ways to solve the problems of implementing inclusive education in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Change in Disability Classification: Redrawing Categorical Boundaries in SpecialEducation in the United States and Germany, 1920‐2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J.W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Special Educational Needs

AbstractHow do we make sense of considerable cultural differences and change in disability classification? How are disability’s categorical boundaries being redrawn in special education to realign with shifting paradigms of normality? Based in particular on the case of provided services to students “with special educational needs,” this analysis examines classification systems of student disability and their categorical boundaries in the United States and Germany. Sketching the origins and evolution of special education categories from 1920 to 2005, the comparison shows how categorical boundaries have been redrawn, giving rise to new groups of students.

scholarly journals Integrative Approach to the Organization of Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Children with Health Impairments

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
С.В. Феоктистова ◽  
Е.В. Лобанова ◽  
Н.А. Самотохина ◽  
Е.В. Приходько
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Support System ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Health Impairments

В статье рассмотрена проблема факторов и условий формирования профессиональной компетентности педагогов в области коррекционно-образовательной деятельности. Актуальность исследования обусловлена рядом противоречий между правами, запросами, образовательными потребностями детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ) и состоянием системы комплексного их сопровождения в образовательном пространстве. Цель исследования состояла в выявлении актуальных проблем формирования профессиональной компетентности педагогов и обосновании интегративного подхода к организации психолого-педагогического сопровождения детей с ОВЗ. На основе анализа современных исследований проанализированы проблемы организации образовательного процесса для детей с нарушениями развития и определена необходимость пересмотра условий подготовки специализированных кадров для обеспечения соответствующих условий обучения детей с особыми образовательными потребностями. Выделены условия успешного взаимодействия педагогов и психологов при решении задач комплексного сопровождения обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Проанализированы основания интегративного подхода, его функций и возможности реализации при подготовке студентов к осуществлению коррекционно-образова­тельной деятельности. Обозначена перспективность исследования, связанная с разработкой модели продуктивного взаимодействия специалистов, обеспечивающего их со-организацию, со-творчество и сотрудничество в области комплексного сопровождения детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья The article analyzes factors and conditions influencing special education teachers’ professional competence formation. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the fact that there are discrepancies between the rights, wants and educational needs of children with health impairments and the educational support system. The aim of the research is to investigate problems associated with the formation of special education teachers’ professional competence and to substantiate the need to develop an integrative approach to the implementation of psychological and pedagogical support to children with health impairments. The analysis of modern research enables the authors to investigate problems related to the provision of support to children with health impairments and to define the necessity to reinvestigate the conditions of preparing special education teachers able to support their students. The article describes the conditions of effective cooperation between teachers and psychologists required to ensure that students with special educational needs get all the support they want. The article analyzes the integrative approach to novice special education teachers’ training. The prospects for further research are related to specialists’ effective collaboration, cooperation, cocreativity as prerequisites for ensuring effective support for children with health impairments.

Exploring Relationships Between Teacher Training and Support Strategies for Students Utilizing Augmentative and Alternate Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Natalie R. Andzik ◽  
John M. Schaefer ◽  
Robert T. Nichols ◽  
Helen I. Cannella-Malone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Communication Supports

Abstract Schools in the United States support a large group of students requiring the assistance of augmentative and alternate communication (AAC). It is currently unknown what types of training and supports special education teachers require or are receiving to meet the needs of these students. A convenience sample of 3,200 teachers was surveyed about the following topics: (a) number and description of students who do not have a proficient way of communicating, (b) the efforts employed by teachers to support AAC adoption, and (c) the type and length of training the teachers had specific to supporting students who need communication supports. Researchers found a statistically significant association between the amounts of training the teacher received and the communication functionality of their students. In addition, teachers with more training tend to utilize a wider variety of support strategies and certain types of training may be more effective for specific modes of communication.

“Good Intentions Can Only Get You So Far”: Critical Reflections From Teach For America Corps Members Placed in Special Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teach For America ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Critical Reflections ◽  
Education Initiatives

Research on Teach For America (TFA) continues to grow, but scant scholarship has explored the experiences of its corps members working in special education in urban schools. As teachers who require in-depth knowledge of legal and liability processes as well as effective pedagogical practices, corps members in special education positions have significant demands placed on them that often lie beyond the roles and responsibilities of other TFA teachers. This article therefore focuses on the experiences of five TFA corps members placed in special education as it explores their critical reflections about the minimal preparation and support they received from TFA. In light of recent special education initiatives launched by TFA, the article raises questions about the continued involvement of TFA in the field of special education and its ability to adequately prepare corps members for the unique responsibilities served by special education teachers in the United States.

Stimulating Special Education through Federal Legislation

1964 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
John E. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
The Future

The future strength of the United States rests on the best possible education for all children. In 1963, Congress responded to the educational needs of handicapped children with the passage of significant legislation. As yet, Congress has not determined the role of the federal government in the education of the gifted. The author would welcome proposals for such participation from the profession.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN THE USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shumaieva ◽  
Svitlana Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes the historical stages of inclusive education in the United States: the first – 1960 – the stage of segregation and marginalization of people with special educational needs, the second (from 1968 to 1975) – the stage of normalization, the idea of involving disabled students in the educational environment, the third stage – educational mainstreaming (1975–1983), the fourth stage – (1983–2004) – inclusive education characterized by joint training of people with special needs with peers using typical development, the fifth –mixed educational system – a comprehensive inclusive education system starting in 2004 and until now in the United States.It was determined that the definition of “special educational needs” (learning disability), means developmental delay, disorder of one or more processes related to speaking, reading, pronunciation, writing or arithmetic abilities as a result of possible cerebral dysfunction, but not in the result of mental disorders, loss of sensitivity, cultural, educational or upbringing factors. It has been found that disorder or disability is not one specific concept, but often a mixture of disorders grouped under one broad term, and inclusive education is seen as “the process of addressing and responding to the diverse needs of students by ensuring their participation in learning, cultural activities and community life and reducing exclusion in education and the learning process”. Now intellectual level is determined by using standard intelligence tests, mostly Stanford-Binet, that allows to use individualized curricula as a basis for teaching children with disabilities in inclusive settings. But it is still clear that even in such circumstances, the problems of inclusive education remain to be complex and ambiguous. Keywords: special educational needs, children with disabilities, inclusive environment, inclusion, child with special educational needs, inclusive education, state acts, US general education system.

scholarly journals Legal mechanism for ensuring the right to inclusive education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
T.V. Shlapko ◽  
O.P Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
The Right

The article investigates to the study of legal framework securing the right to inclusive education of inclusive education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of the article analyze the statistics of the effectiveness of distance learning to study the state of the organization in general secondary education distance learning in quarantine, introduced to prevent the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 in Ukraine and the United States. It is proved that children with special educational needs need an individual approach to the organization of inclusive distance learning. At the same, time it is necessary to consider features of each child. The authors of the article pay considerable attention to the characteristics of the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the organization of the educational process in general secondary education institutions during quarantine by the way of distance education. From the analysis of the recommendations it can be concluded that the main burden during the organization and use of distance learning technologies will fall on the teacher's assistant and student's assistant. In addition, the article examines the features of the educational process with the help of a team of psychological and pedagogical support of a child with special educational needs during quarantine. The article examines the features of inclusive education in different areas of the epidemic level of danger: green, yellow, orange and red. The authors also pay considerable attention to the study of the implementation of inclusive learning using distance education technologies during the pandemic COVID-19, in particular the problem of involving children with special educational needs in the educational process at home. The article contains recommendations for improving the quality of education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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