scholarly journals Types and Influence of Customs in Modern Russian Legal System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Sergey Biryukov ◽  
Alexander Evstratov
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Established Order

Introduction. The significance of this work is due to the widespread existence of customs as regulators of public life, which play an important role in determining the rules of conduct in people's relationships with each other, as well as the presence of conflicts between the provisions of legal acts and the established order reflected in customs. Purpose. The purpose is to present and describe some customs that exist in modern Russian realities, to illustrate them with examples, and analyze their correlation with current legislation. Methodology. The authors used formal-legal method, formal-logical method, system approach, analysis, synthesis, comparative method. Results. This article presents some classifications of customs recognized in legal science. The most relevant types of customs for the Russian legal system are considered, and examples are given that demonstrate their regulatory nature. It is studied that along with national customs, which are traditionally given significant importance, there are also other, not less important customs, such as professional ones. Various opinions of scientists whose works are directly related to the topic of this article are presented, studied and compared. Conclusion. On the basis of analyzed in this article jurisprudence, legal acts and opinions of expert the following conclusions were made: firstly, we cannot deny the significant role of customs as regulators of human behavior, which is especially important for those regions where customs, not the laws was the key (the only) regulator of social life, and secondly, it is noted that the habit, which is practiced may even be contrary to the legislation, but, nevertheless, to continue to operate and apply. Finally, we described the custom as one of the elements that "allow us to find a fair solution", which in the future may allow to continue studying the custom and the possibilities of its application in today's constantly changing world.

دور علماء الإسلام في مواجهة التحديات بين المسلمين في الصين (The Role of The Islamic Scholars In Encountering The Challenges Among The Muslims In China)

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-116
Author(s):  
يونس عبد الله ما تشنغ بين الصيني
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islamic Faith

الملخّص إن بقاء الإسلام، ورغبة المسلمين في الحفاظ على عقيدة الإسلام، وشريعته السمحاء في الصين راجعة إلى جهود علمائنا الأجلاء الذين نَهَلُوا العلم الصافي من مَعِينِ القرآن والسنة. وخدمتهم من خلال ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم، وتبسيط العقيدة والشريعة باللغة الصينية خير دليل على ذلك. ويحاول الباحث تسليط الضوء من خلال هذا البحث على طبيعة الإسلام في أرض الصين، كاشفا أمر وضع الإسلام وطبيعة حال المسلمين، وتحدياتهم قديما وحديثا، مبينا محاولتهم على حفاظ دين الإسلام، وأداء شعائره. ويؤمن الباحث من خلال توصيف حالة الإسلام والمسلمين، أن صلاح المسلمين، وبقاءهم كأمة مسالمة لا رغبة لها؛ إلا في الإصلاح، والتعمير في الأرض، فهو لا يتحقق إلا بإصلاح النفس، وعودتها إلى طاعة الله سرا وعلانية دون الإنغماس في تحقيق الرغبات المادية، وإشباع المطامع الشهوانية من خلال جمع حطام الدنيا دون الالتفات إلى حلال وحرام، وطاعة ومعصية.    الكلمات المفتاحيّة: جهود العلماء، ثقافة الإسلام، مصادر الإسلام الأصلية، التحديات، الصين، الدعوة.                                                                                             Abstract The continuation of Islam in China and the aspiration of the Muslims to maintain Islamic faith and its true tolerant legal system retract to the struggles of our respected scholars who learnt the knowledge of the Qurʼan and the Prophetic traditions (al-Sunnah). The services they rendered in translating the meaning of the Qurʼan, simplifying the creed and the legal system of Islam into Chinese language are good indications in that context. In this paper, the researcher is trying to highlight the normal nature of Islam in China by exploring the position and nature of the Muslims, their contemporary and past challenges, and revealing their attempts to preserve the religion of Islam in discharging the religious rites. Through the depiction of Islam and the Muslims, the researcher believes that the wellbeing of Muslims and their continuous survival to be a peace-loving nation could not be achieved without the reform and proper development through self-reformation and its return to full submission to Allah both in private and public life, and without indulging in attainment of material desires and satiating the lust of accumulating ephemeral materials of this world without paying any heed to lawfulness or unlawfulness, or to being obedient or disobedient. Keywords: Effort of the Scholars, Islamic Culture, Noble Origin of Islam, Challenges, Propagation of the Religion.

دور علماء الإسلام في مواجهة التحديات بين المسلمين في الصين The Role of The Islamic Scholars In Encountering The Challenges Among The Muslims In China

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-116
Author(s):  
يونس عبد الله ما تشنغ بين الصيني
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islamic Faith

الملخّصإن بقاء الإسلام، ورغبة المسلمين في الحفاظ على عقيدة الإسلام، وشريعته السمحاء في الصين راجعة إلى جهود علمائنا الأجلاء الذين نَهَلُوا العلم الصافي من مَعِينِ القرآن والسنة. وخدمتهم من خلال ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم، وتبسيط العقيدة والشريعة باللغة الصينية خير دليل على ذلك. ويحاول الباحث تسليط الضوء من خلال هذا البحث على طبيعة الإسلام في أرض الصين، كاشفا أمر وضع الإسلام وطبيعة حال المسلمين، وتحدياتهم قديما وحديثا، مبينا محاولتهم على حفاظ دين الإسلام، وأداء شعائره. ويؤمن الباحث من خلال توصيف حالة الإسلام والمسلمين، أن صلاح المسلمين، وبقاءهم كأمة مسالمة لا رغبة لها؛ إلا في الإصلاح، والتعمير في الأرض، فهو لا يتحقق إلا بإصلاح النفس، وعودتها إلى طاعة الله سرا وعلانية دون الإنغماس في تحقيق الرغبات المادية، وإشباع المطامع الشهوانية من خلال جمع حطام الدنيا دون الالتفات إلى حلال وحرام، وطاعة ومعصية.   الكلمات المفتاحيّة: جهود العلماء، ثقافة الإسلام، مصادر الإسلام الأصلية، التحديات، الصين، الدعوة.                                                                                   AbstractThe continuation of Islam in China and the aspiration of the Muslims to maintain Islamic faith and its true tolerant legal system retract to the struggles of our respected scholars who learnt the knowledge of the Qurʼan and the Prophetic traditions (al-Sunnah). The services they rendered in translating the meaning of the Qurʼan, simplifying the creed and the legal system of Islam into Chinese language are good indications in that context. In this paper, the researcher is trying to highlight the normal nature of Islam in China by exploring the position and nature of the Muslims, their contemporary and past challenges, and revealing their attempts to preserve the religion of Islam in discharging the religious rites. Through the depiction of Islam and the Muslims, the researcher believes that the wellbeing of Muslims and their continuous survival to be a peace-loving nation could not be achieved without the reform and proper development through self-reformation and its return to full submission to Allah both in private and public life, and without indulging in attainment of material desires and satiating the lust of accumulating ephemeral materials of this world without paying any heed to lawfulness or unlawfulness, or to being obedient or disobedient.Keywords: Effort of the Scholars, Islamic Culture, Noble Origin of Islam, Challenges, Propagation of the Religion.

scholarly journals PLACE AND ROLE OF THE THEORY OF STATE AND LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL SCIENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
L.B. Gandarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Complex State ◽  
Legal Science

The article examines the place of the theory of state and law in the system of legal sciences, and also emphasizes its fundamental role in the system of legal sciences. To substantiate his position, the author investigated the views of authoritative modern domestic legal scholars on the classification of legal sciences. The article identifies the main thematic blocks, which include all legal disciplines. The problems that hinder the development of the theory of state and law as a basic legal science are identified, its methodological nature is noted. It is concluded that without the assimilation of theoretical and legal knowledge, it is impossible to give a correct assessment of the complex state and legal phenomena of public life, to know their essence and purpose, to get an idea of the legal system as a whole

scholarly journals SOSIAL CONTROL : SIFAT DAN SANKSI SEBAGAI SARANA KONTROL SOSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Sudharma Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Norms And Values

<p>Society in social life always there is a means in the form of control or control to regulate the various behavior or behavior anngota social group, It means that human behavior should be limited by the rules so that humans can know what to do and actions that should not be done. Behavior that is governed means a limit of values ??and norms deviant and antisocial. Con- versely, the behaviors that are ordered mean that they contain values ??and norms that are komformis. Prevention or handling efforts for the community not to violate the rules, then within the community group must have a set of values ??and norms is none other than to prevent or reduce the violation of the rules. This is called the form of social control. When looking at the function of social control that applies to the life of the community, is to develop a fear that someone not to do acts that are not in accordance with the values ??and norms that apply, and provide compensation for people who comply with the values ??and norms -the prevailing norms so as to reinforce a sense of confidence in society that the value is supposed to be adhered to for the life of society towards the better. And able to create a legal system (the rules are formally formulated with the sanctions contained in it). From these limitations, it can be interpreted that social control is a designed or not designed and controlled means and process aimed at engag- ing, educating, and even forcing citizens to comply with prevailing social norms and values.</p>

scholarly journals Paralegals and Women Access to Justice : Making Access to Justice of Women Victims of Violence Effective

2018 ◽  
pp. 807-813
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Victims Of Violence

This study responds to the fact that the high number of violence against women (KtP) and the weakness of access to justice of women victims of violence, whereas the Government of Indonesia has issued various laws and regulations to protect women. This shows that the face of women, especially women victims of violence in law and social life in Indonesia is very complex.The main obstacle faced by women victims of domestic violence (KDRT) in Surakarta City in accessing justice is the low awareness and understanding of their legal rights. To assist the constraints faced by women victims of violence in accessing justice, the role of intermediaries in this paralegal becomes very important. Therefore, this study will explore the deepening of the role effectiveness and constraints faced by paralegals in the fulfillment of access to justice for women victims Violence in Surakarta City. The purpose of this study is to orient theoretical development on the study of violence against women and access to justice.This research uses qualitative socio-legal method that is interdisciplinary approach to law; Is an alternative approach to conduct an examination of legal studies that are doctrinal.In particular, there are three reasons why the role of paralegals is crucial in helping women victims of access to justice. First, paralegals play the role of "familiarization" of the legal system for poor and marginalized groups such as women victims of violence. Second, paralegals are more accessible to women’s groups. In addition to being easy to find, legal services by paralegals are cheaper than similar services provided by lawyers or advocates. Third, paralegals influence the power relations and bargaining position of women groups that can be seen from reaction changes and other parties’ responses including responses from government institutions and law enforcement agencies. In general, paralegals apply methods of empowerment, education and legal training and representatives of justice seekers. In addition to seeking justice seekers to obtain justice in a real sense, paralegals also build social movements capable of encouraging the settlement of cases and enforcement of women’s rights.Constraints often faced by paralegals in assisting women victims of access to justice are the absence of formal legitimacy for paralegals in terms of legislation, the lack of funds owned by institutions where paralegals are sheltered and formal education level problems for uneven paralegals.

scholarly journals Aristotelian Moral Psychology and the Situationist Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
Adam M. Croom
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Psychological Studies

Abstract For some time now moral psychologists and philosophers have ganged up on Aristotelians, arguing that results from psychological studies on the role of character-based and situation-based influences on human behavior have convincingly shown that situations rather than personal characteristics determine human behavior. In the literature on moral psychology and philosophy this challenge is commonly called the “situationist challenge,” and as Prinz (2009) has previously explained, it has largely been based on results from four salient studies in social psychology, including the studies conducted by Hartshorne and May (1928), Milgram (1963), Isen and Levin (1972), and Darley and Batson (1973). The situationist challenge maintains that each of these studies seriously challenges the plausibility of virtuous personal characteristics by challenging the plausibility of personal characteristics more generally. In this article I undermine the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology by carefully considering major problems with the conclusions that situationists have drawn from the empirical data, and by further challenging the accuracy of their characterization of the Aristotelian view. In fact I show that when properly understood the Aristotelian view is not only consistent with empirical data from developmental science but can also offer important insights for integrating moral psychology with its biological roots in our natural and social life.

scholarly journals Constitutional legal support of the unity, stability and coherence of Russian legal system

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
S. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Stability And Consistency

The subject. The paper is devoted to the issues of the system of constitutional legal guarantees of unity, stability and consistency of the Russian legal system, the problems of their effective implementation.The purpose of the paper is to reveal the actual problems of constitutional legal support of the unity, stability and coherence of the Russian legal system.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparative method, description) as well as particular academic methods (formal-legal method, interpretation of legal acts).Results, scope of application. It is revealed that the constitutional legal support of unity, stability and consistency of the Russian legal system occurs by means of action of two types of special constitutional legal guarantees: conflict and competence ones. A number of problems of effective support of the unity, stability and consistency of the domestic legal system are identified. The problems include gaps and other defects of constitutional regulation, the lack of a legal mechanism to ensure the supremacy of the foundations of the constitutional system and others.Conclusions. There is a number of amendments to the existing constitutional legislation proposed to solve the identified problems.

Legal Method (Interpretation)[156]

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-185
Author(s):  
Alf Ross
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
General Account ◽  
Legal Method

This chapter focuses on legal method and aims to determine the principles of interpretation that are scientifically valid. In accordance with previous chapters, this implies that the perspective is norm-descriptive, not norm-expressive. The aim is not to establish which principles of interpretation are correct but which principles judges hold to be correct and which, as such, actually guide the courts when they apply general legal rules to specific subject matters. As with the sources of law, the ideology of interpretation varies from one legal system to another. Accordingly, the task for general legal theory can only be to explain certain factual presuppositions concerning problems of method, and to place and characterize various existing styles of method and interpretation within the framework of a general typology. Furthermore, the chapter focuses primarily on problems of method in relation to statutory interpretation which features more prominently within Continental legal systems where legislation is the predominant source of law. On the basis of a general account of semantics, the chapter proceeds by analysing three types of problems of interpretation—syntactic, logical, and semantic—and concludes by reflecting on the role of pragmatic factors in the exercise of legal authority.

Alternatywne formy głosowania w polskim prawie wyborczym

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Monika Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Optimal Scheme ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
Corrective Actions ◽  
State Of Affairs

The crisis of citizens’ participation in the elections is the feature of many European states, and also Poland. The main thesis of the article is that the voting absence is the problem, which could be solved using different solutions, and one of them is the institutional convenience to facilitate the voting process. The analysis of the use of alternative voting procedures in Polish electoral practice demonstrates, however, that they are not very popular. This fact raises questions about the reasons for this state of affairs and the forms of corrective actions in this regard. To clarify the research problems, the Author used the institutional-legal method and analysed the normative acts, which regulate alternative voting procedures. The comparative method allowed to indicate the existing gaps in the adopted institutional solutions and the practice of their application, as well as to find possible ways to achieve the optimal scheme. The application of the system approach gave the opportunity to make a comprehensive overview of the examined institutions and related phenomena, and to draw conclusions regarding necessary actions to increase their effectiveness.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES ACTIVITIES DURING THE QUARANTINE IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Liliia Popova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

The aim of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of administrative and legal regulation of the activities of business entities during quarantine and to consider possible directions of improvement of such regulation. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is modern general scientific and special legal methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The formal and logical method determines the importance of administrative and legal regulation of the activities of economic entities during quarantine. Formal and legal method allowed analyzing the current legislative and other normative-legal acts concerning administrative and legal regulation of activity of economic entities during quarantine. The structural and logical, comparative and legal methods outline the main directions of improving of implementation the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of economic entities during quarantine. Results. Attention is drawn to the fact that business entities are limited in their actions due to the introduction of quarantine and emergency regime in Ukraine. The article analyzes the legislative and other legal acts adopted to prevent the spread in Ukraine of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which regulate the activities of business entities. It is noted that the Government of the State, taking into account the important role of economic entities in the economy of the country, makes prudent measures to support them during quarantine. However, there are certain conditions under which business entities face problems that need to be addressed, primarily at the legislative level. Conclusions. The article indicates the expediency of amending the current legislation to harmonize it in connection with the adoption of a number of regulatory acts aimed at preventing the spread of acute COVID-19 respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in Ukraine and use in the legislation of different terminology related to COVID-19.

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