The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to grow the zero-emissions transport network in places with limited power supply capabilities and low population density, or in places where building OHL would not be possible. This improves the efficiency of trolleybus transport and makes environmentally friendly public transport more accessible to the local citizens. Despite their obvious advantages, traction batteries can also be problematic, as the drivers may overuse them (e.g., in the event of pantograph failure), and the public transport authorities and transport companies may plan connections in an ineffective way without preparing the necessary infrastructure (the absence of slipways or automatic connection capabilities), which in turn leads to inefficient use of the OHL. The article outlines the operation of the trolleybus transport network in Gdynia. The use of traction batteries in regular connections is analysed, and the potential for electrification of the bus line, some sections of which follow the traction infrastructure, is examined.
THE DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ROUNDS AND IMPLEMENTED NODES IN LEACH ROUTING PROTOCOL-BASED SENSOR NETWORKS
