The Effects of Root Bacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Plant Growth and Yield Properties at Different Irrigation Levels in Cucumber

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

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Unraveling the Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Camellia Plants

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7090322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

Rui-Cheng Liu ◽

Zhi-Yan Xiao ◽

Abeer Hashem ◽

Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽

Yong-Jie Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Nutrient Acquisition ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Amf Inoculation

Camellia is a genus of evergreen shrubs or trees, such as C. japonica, C. sinensis, C. oleifera, etc. A group of beneficial soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), inhabit the rhizosphere of these Camellia spp. A total of eight genera of Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora, Scutellospora, and Sclerocystis were found to be associated with Camellia plants with Glomus and/or Acaulospora being most abundant. These mycorrhizal fungi can colonize the roots of Camellia spp. and thus form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts. AMF is an important partner of Camellia spp. in the field of physiological activities. Studies indicated that AMF inoculation has been shown to promote plant growth, improve nutrient acquisition and nutritional quality, and increase resistance to drought, salinity and heavy metal contamination in potted Camellia. This review thus provides a comprehensive overview of AMF species occurring in the rhizosphere of Camellia spp. and summarizes the variation in root AMF colonization rate as well as the environmental factors and soil nutrients affecting root colonization. The paper also reviews the effects of AMF on plant growth response, nutrient acquisition, food quality, and stress tolerance of Camellia spp.

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Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽

Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽

You-Cai Xiong ◽

Marian Brestic ◽

Milan Skalicky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Reverse Trend ◽

Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

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A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

Murugesan Chandrasekaran

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

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Effects of selenium (Se) application and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on soybean (Glycine max) and forage grass (Urochloa decumbens) development in oxisol

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Soraya Marx Bamberg ◽

Silvio Junio Ramos ◽

Marco Aurelio Carbone Carneiro ◽

José Oswaldo Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Amf Inoculation

Fertilizer application can enhance the nutritional value of plants, such effects being influenced by the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nutrients × AMF interactions are well-known for variety of elements but very little has been addressed on biofortification of selenium (Se) in plants grown in tropical soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Se application and AMF inoculation on growth and micronutrient contents on soybean plants as forage grass. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with five Se doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1 for soybean plants, and 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg-1 for forage plants), with and without AMF inoculation in three replicates. The results showed that soil Se had only slight effect on soybean growth but it caused a two-fold increase on grain yield. However, the growth of forage grass was enhanced by Se application when AMF was present. The AMF inoculation reduced benefit for soybean growth and yield but marked positive effect on forage grass at high doses of Se. Selenium contents in both plants were increased by its application in soil, being such effect proportional to soil applied doses. Selenium application and AMF inoculation had marked effects on micronutrients contents in both soybean plants and forage grass and they may contribute to Se and micronutrient biofortification.

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The effectiveness of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and Aspergillus niger or Phanerochaete chrysosporium treated organic amendments from olive residues upon plant growth in a semi-arid degraded soil

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (12) ◽

pp. 2547-2553 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Medina ◽

A. Roldán ◽

R. Azcón

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Degraded Soil ◽

Semi Arid

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Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86042-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽

Sanun Jogloy ◽

Nuntavun Riddech ◽

Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽

Jindarat Ekprasert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Condition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Spore Density ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

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The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on Euterpe oleracea mart. (açaí) seedlings

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x1999000600013 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1018-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elizabeth Ying Chu

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Matter Production ◽

Infected Root ◽

Black Plastic

With the objective of verifying the response of Euterpe oleracea seedlings to seven arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, an experimental trial was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Seeds of E. oleracea were sown in carbonized rice husk. Germinating seeds were initially transferred to plastic cups, containing fumigated Reddish Yellow Quartz Sand and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Two months later, seedlings were transferred to 2 kg black plastic bags, containing the same soil without fumigation. Plant growth and mineral nutrients were evaluated nine months after mycorrhizal inoculation. Differential effects were observed among the species tested, with Scutellispora gilmorei being the most effective ones in promoting growth and nutrient content of E. oleracea seedlings. The increment resulted from inoculation with S. gilmorei were 92% in total plant height, 116% in stem diameter, 361% in dry matter production, 191% in N, 664% in P, 46% in K, 562% in Ca, 363% in Mg and 350% in Zn contents, comparing to uninoculated controls. Infected root length was positively correlated to nutrient content and plant growth. It was concluded that growth and nutrient uptake of E. oleracea seedlings could be significantly improved by inoculation of effective arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

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Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, essential oil production and nutrient uptake in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/s1516-05722012000400018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 692-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.C. Arango ◽

M.F. Ruscitti ◽

M.G. Ronco ◽

J. Beltrano

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Essential Oil Production

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

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