The “Homogenization Process” in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
Roxana Stoenescu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Homogenization Process ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The One ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

"The present research examines the relationship between the development of the nation state and homogenization efforts in Romania. On the one hand, this requires examining the establishment of ideological and dictatorial power practices that emerge from the historical context of capitalist and imperialist developments. On the basis of which the national conceptions of a closed “body” evolved, and thus certain groups, experienced because of their “otherness” compared to the national similarities, social exclusivity. Thus, the racial ideological attitudes and the resulting homogenization and repression policies of the dictatorships of the 20th century emerged. The aim of this work is to show how the homogenization process took place in Romania. Keywords: dictatorship, total rule, nation, anti-Semitism, homogenization, modernization, Romania."

scholarly journals AKOMODASI PESANTREN PADA KESENIAN RAKYAT DI CANGKRINGAN, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Kholid Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
Art Community ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the construction of thoughts by KH. Ahmad Masrur and al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School to accomodate folk art; to reveal the relationship among KH. Ahmad Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, and folk art communities in Wukirsari village; and to find out the approaches of accommodation implemented in the folk art Village. The findings of this study led to some conclusions. First, on the one hand, Mr. Masrur (an Islamic expert) wanted to send the goodness and the beauty of Islam not only to be achieved by Moslems but also by other religious community. On the other hand, the folk art community wanted to maintain their existence in the diverse society. Therefore, those two intentions are linked to each other in order to accomplish those goals. Second, the relationship among Mr. Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, and Wukirsari village folk art community; in terms of historical context, it was the repetition of the relationship pattern in the past time that occured during the Islamisation process in Java. It was carried out by placing the locality as the basis of Islam. Mr. Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School put themselves as the exponents of folk art; Mr. Masrur had the role as the patron and the community folk art had the role as the clients, and the overall relationship was accomplished based on mutually beneficial relationship. Third, the forms of accommodation  roposed by Mr. Masrur towards folk art in Wukirsari village were through compromise and tolerance. The form of the compromise was visible through the willingness of both parties to feel and understand the circumstances of one to each other party. As for the form of tolerance, it was implemented by Mr. Masrur and al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School deliberately to avoid various disputes and conflicts.

The Palestinian Knot: The ‘New Anti-Semitism’, Islamophobia and the Question of Postcolonial Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Monika Bobako
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Jewish Intellectual ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the course of 20th-century European history Jews and Arabs, as well as Jews and Muslims, were put in the position of a ‘civilizational’ conflict that is not only political but also quasi-metaphysical. This article examines an impact of the conflict on the attitudes towards anti-Semitism and Islamophobia and considers Islamophobic implications of the ‘new anti-Semitism’ discourse. A thesis of the text is that both the struggle against anti-Semitism and Islamophobia and the one against the mechanism creating, in certain circumstances, a kind of negative feedback loop between them requires not only opposing the anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim prejudices, but also a deep, critical reconsideration of the concepts of Europeanness that lie at their foundation. The author suggests that a good starting point for this reconsideration might be the postcolonial reading of the Jewish intellectual tradition, especially the one focusing on the figure of the Mizrahi Jew.

scholarly journals Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: A Comparison of Imposed Group Identities

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Alexa Døving
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Group Identities

Do similarities exist among stereotypical portrayals of minority groups, regardless of social and historical context? Can some of the linguistic mechanisms that underlay the stereotypical portrayals of ‘the collective Jew’ at the beginning of the 20th century be found in the stereotyping of ‘the Muslim’ at the beginning of 21st? Is it at all relevant to see antiSemitism in line with other forms of intolerance, discrimination and racism? These questions make up part of a comparative analysis of anti-Semitic texts from the beginning of the 20th century and anti-Islamic debates going on in Norway today. While this article argues against a fundamental analogy between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia, and against an analogy between the structural position of Jews in the nineteen century and Muslims today, it argues for the relevance of a comparative semantic analysis of negative stereotypes of “the Muslims” and “the Jews”.

Letters of S.P. Timoshenko to V.I. Vernadsky recently discovered at Columbia University’s library, with analysis of his attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 108128652110220
Author(s):  
Isaac Elishakoff
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Usa ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

This paper reproduces the translation of letters sent by Stephen P. Timoshenko—well known specialist in elasticity, vibrations, stability, and structures, in the 20th century—to his colleague Vladimir I. Vernadsky. Letters originated from the USA where Timoshenko resided at the time, and were directed to France, where Vernadsky was working while also looking to come to the USA having left Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. By a twist of fate, these letters turned out to be housed at the Library of Columbia University, in New York City. This happened since the first five letters were acquired by Bakhmeteff Archive at Columbia University where Boris Bakhmeteff, formerly the Ambassador of the Russian Provisional Government to the USA, was employed as a professor of civil engineering during the years 1931–1951. Timoshenko could not have imagined that these private and candid letters would be available for public viewing at the library, and especially, in the country that he criticized harshly. Each letter is accompanied with a discussion. It appears that these letters shed some light on Timoshenko’s personality in addition to what can be inferred by reading his autobiography As I Remember. The motivation of this study is two-fold: (a) to bring to the attention of readers the translations of letters of S.P. Timoshenko, addressed to V.I. Vernadsky, and to provide (b) discussion on his attitudes, on the one hand, to the Jews, and anti-Semitism in the USA as compared with Ukraine, and on the other, to the USA.

scholarly journals Imagining Worlds beyond the Nation-State

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Michael Collins
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Characters ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In addressing the relationship between national and international worldmaking political projects, Adom Getachew's impressive and thought-provoking recent book, Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination, seeks to move beyond recent debates between those who posit an inevitability thesis about the triumph of the nation-state after 1945, on the one hand, and those who insist on the possibilities of alternative pathways, on the other. The argument is compelling in demonstrating that the transcendence of race hierarchies was integral to arguments and aspirations about meaningful sovereignty. Getachew's central characters were visionaries in terms of imagining possible worlds beyond the nation-state. The book is less convincing in demonstrating that an intractable nationalism and indeed underlying racial thinking were not serious impediments to the achievement of these goals.

scholarly journals Miriam y Dalila ¿en fuga?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Prenz Kopušar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Carmen De Burgos ◽  
The One

This work analyses some female characters present in the novel Luminarias de Janucá by Rafael Cansinos Assens. The dimension of the escape is analysed from different perspectives taking into account its double meaning that, on the one hand, can be understood as persecution and, on the other, as escape. Other meanings of the term are also considered. The female characters are analyzed within the problems posed by the historical context to which the novel refers, that is, the philosephardic campaign promoted by Senator Ángel Pulido at the beginning of the 20th century. Dalila and Miriam as well as the other treated female characters personify real women: Miriam is the author’s sister, Dalila is Carmen de Burgos, known as Colombine.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Rationality and the Possibilities of Rational Humanism

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Sergodeeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Secular Humanism ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article discusses the relations between humanism and humanitarianism through the prism of rationality, which allows to identify the significant contradictions between their essences and methods of implementation as well as to reveal the subtleties and differences in the relationship between them. The author demonstrates the interrelation of the idea of rationality as reasonability with the theory of humanism and its practices; it is shown that the charges of inhumanity against rationality can be addressed mainly to instrumental reasonability, which occupies a dominant position in the society of Modernity. The inconsistency of the development of humanism in recent years is examined. On the one hand, first organizationally formed humanistic movements emerged in the 20th century and humanism gradually became a common social practice. On the other hand, starting from the second half of the 20th century, representatives of the postmodern and religious-conservative traditions more and more clearly pronounce statements about the crisis of humanistic ideology. It is determined that the classical concept of secular humanism has lost its representativeness to social realities because its model of a person becomes outdated and requires rethinking and renewal. It is emphasized that the role of humanitarian technologies is increasing under the new conditions of the science functioning in modern society, in which any knowledge, including natural and technical, acquires a humanitarian dimension. Therefore, the humanitarian component is a necessary part of any science today since the humanitarian component offers a pragmatical and axiological comparison of the scientific achievements with the life-world of men and their needs. The author concludes that rational strategies for overcoming the crisis of humanism (transhumanism and posthumanism) are associated with new ontologies and represent attempts to understand the transformations of humanistic values in the technoscientific world.

Gli psichiatri e il regime. Ipotesi per una ricerca.

2009 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

- In this interview, the Italian psychiatrist and historian, Ferruccio Giacanelli, provides an outline of his current research and discusses the relationship between psychiatry and the fascist regime. His research objectives are, on the one hand, to describe the features of Italian psychiatry during fascism, and on the other, to enable a comprehension of the essential and long lasting characteristics of fascism (as a "totalitarian regime"), effective even beyond the fascist era. Keywords: historiography of psychiatry, psychiatrists, state, fascism, totalitarianism, asylums, regime, colonial racism, anti-Semitism, violence, institutions.

Hiob in Gath. Deutsch-jüdische Lektüren von Lessings "Nathan der Weise"

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Fetscher
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe paper presents a series of German-Jewish readings of Lessing's "Nathan the Wise" (1779) stretching from the Enlightenment to the early post-1945 period. Already the first Jewish reader, Moses Mendelssohn, did not focus his interpretation of this drama on the so-called "parabel of the rings," where Nathan is commonly said to preach religious tolerance. Rather, Mendelssohn concentrates on act IV, scene 7, which expounds Lessing's concept of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity and Nathan's experience of Christian persecution. With the upsurge of German anti-Semitism in the late 19th and 20th century, this scene served first as a sign of German-Christian empathy for Jewish suffering, and thus of hope, then as a reminder of recent prosecutions. It seemed to foreshadow, and eventually became overshadowed by, the Shoah.

scholarly journals Xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the Concept of Polish Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kamusella
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Spatial Terms

In today’s Central Europe ethnolinguistic nationalism is the region’s standard normative ideology of statehood creation, legitimation and maintenance. This ideology proposes that in spatial terms, the area of the use of national language X should overlap with the territory of nation-state X, in which all members of nation X should reside. In terms of cultural policy, this means that only works written by “indubitable” members of nation X in language X can be seen as belonging to culture X. This self-limiting pattern of ethnolinguistic “purity” (homogeneity) excluded from 20th century Polish literature much of traditional Polish-Lithuanian culture and numerous authors writing in other post-Polish-Lithuanian languages than Polish. Democratization that followed the fall of communism in 1989 partly transcended this ethnolinguistic exclusion, but the old national policy has been back since 2015.

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