scholarly journals Antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap Jamur Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki dan Penekanan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Karet

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah Yulia Yulia ◽  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Hilda Sandra Utami
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus

ABSTRACTAntagonisms of Trichoderma spp. against Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki and Supression of White Root Disease on Rubber PlantWhite root disease caused by the infection of fungal pathogen Rigidoporus lignosus is an important disease on rubber plants. The pathogen infects the rubber roots but then might cause leaf drop or even kill the plants. Common control method used in controlling the disease is the application of synthetic fungicides besides increasing application of biological control agents (BCA) as an alternative control method. Trichoderma spp. is frequently used as BCA to control diseases in many plants. The aims of this study were to test the antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against R. lignosus and to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. corn starter in white root disease suppression on rubber seedlings. Trichoderma spp. The antagonism test was conducted using dual culture method in in vitro test. A randomized block design (RBD) experimental design was used in the glass house trial consisted of five treatments and five replications. Application of the Trichoderma spp. corn starter was combined with the application of compost in the treatments of 25 g BCA + 100 g of compost, 50 g BCA + 200 g of compost, 75 g BCA + 300 g of compost, 100 g of BCA + 400 g of compost, and a control treatment without BCA. The BCA Trichoderma spp. was applied in the same time with the inoculation of 20 g of corn mass culture of R. lignosus. The result of antagonism test showed that Trichoderma spp. isolate was effectively suppressed micelial growth of R. lignosus with the supperession percentage reached 90.82%. Meanwhile, the Trichoderma spp. BCA in corn starter was also suppressed the disease development on rubber seedlings with the highest disease suppression of 100% at the dose of 100 g BCA/seedling.Keywords: Trichoderma spp., biocontrol agents, white root disease, rubberABSTRAKPenyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman karet. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi patogen Rigidoporus lignosus pada akar tanaman karet yang dapat mengakibatkan daun gugur atau bahkan matinya tanaman. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah pengendalian kimia dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik tetapi penggunaan agens biokontrol (ABK) juga telah mulai banyak dilakukan. Penggunaan Trichoderma spp. sebagai ABK telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit pada beberapa tanaman dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap jamur R. lignosus dan penekanan penyakit JAP pada bibit tanaman karet yang diberi perlakuan starter jagung pecah Trichoderma spp. Pengujian antagonisme dilakukan secara in vitro melalui metode dual culture. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Aplikasi starter Trichoderma spp. dilakukan dengan tambahan kompos pada perlakuan 25 g ABK + 100 g kompos, 50 g ABK + 200 g kompos, 75 g ABK + 300 g kompos, 100 g ABK + 400 g kompos, dan perlakuan kontrol atau tanpa aplikasi ABK Trichoderma spp. Aplikasi ABK dilakukan bersamaan dengan inokulasi biakan massal jagung pecah jamur R. lignosus sebanyak 20 g/bibit. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan isolatTrichoderma spp. efektif menekan pertumbuhan R. lignosus dengan penekanan mencapai 90,82%. Demikian juga dengan aplikasi starter jagung pecah Trichoderma spp. menunjukkan penekanan penyakit JAP pada bibit tanaman karet dengan penekanan penyakit mencapai 100% pada dosis 100 g ABK/bibit tanaman karet.Kata Kunci: Trichoderma spp., agens biokontrol, jamur akar putih, karet

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus lignosus) PADA TANAMAN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ariska ◽  
Lola Adres Yanti ◽  
Chairudin Chairudin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a multipurpose plantation commodity crop that almost all parts of the plant have strategic economic value to be cultivated. In Indonesia there are the largest nutmeg commodity centers, including the Maluku islands, North Sulawesi and Aceh. The biggest problem with nutmeg plants is the attack of pests and diseases. One of the most severe diseases in nutmeg is white root mushroom (Rigidoporus lignosus). This study aims to 1) determine the fungus of white root fungus antagonists (Rigodoporus lignosus) from the Aceh nutmeg rhizosphere (Myristica fragrans Houtt), 2) identify the content of antibiotic fungus JAP antagonist compounds in Aceh nutmeg plants. The study was conducted by taking soil samples from nutmeg plants at three nutmeg plantations in South Aceh. The antagonist fungus isolation activity uses a dilution method. Isolation of JAP from infected roots using direct planting method. Furthermore, it is identified macroscopically and microscopically. The antagonist test was carried out using the dual culture method with RAL. From the rhizosphere in the nutmeg area, 5 candidate antagonist isolates were obtained, having high in vitro antagonism ability to the pathogen R. lignosus. Identification results showed that isolates 1, 2 and 3 were Trichoderma spp, and isolates 4 and 5 were Gliocladium virens. Keywords: In vitro, the content of antibiotic compounds, Aceh nutmeg, Rigidoporus lignosus, antagonistic test

In-vitro and greenhouse management of banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize, at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Sagar ◽  
Manandahar HK ◽  
Shrestha S ◽  
Bhusal K
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pathology Laboratory

The research included in-vitro experiments on the effect of the fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) and fungicide (carbendazim) against BLSB pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani); and greenhouse experiment for the management of BLSB using antagonists (Trichoderma and Pseudomonas) and a fungicide (carbendazim) in different combinations. The in-vitro and greenhouse experiments were done at the plant pathology laboratory and greenhouse of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan. Of the isolates of Trichoderma evaluated against the BLSB pathogen in dual culture, the Trichoderma isolated from between healthy and diseased maize plants gave the maximum growth inhibition percent of the pathogen at 24 (19.86±0.52), 48 (51.63±0.40) and 72hours (72.78±1.11). Carbendazim at 10 ppm completely inhibited the growth of both the pathogen and Trichoderma on PDA medium, while at 1 ppm, the growth inhibition of the pathogen was (54.22±0.89) percent and of Trichoderma was (50.22±3.11) percent. The management experiment in a glasshouse with seven treatments was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Carbendazim alone gave the highest disease control (59.73%) with the lowest disease severity (28.67±0.67) and AUDPC per day (803.33±33.33). A combination of treatments alternately with Trichoderma and carbendazim also had a significant effect on reducing disease severity. In a separate experiment, Trichoderma with and without pathogen gave significantly higher shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight when compared with untreated control.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Rizobakteria Dalam Menghambat Perkembangan Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.) Pada Padi Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Hanisa Desy Ariani ◽  
Noor Aidawati ◽  
Dewi Arika Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Blight Disease

One of the causes of the declining productivity of rice is sheath blight disease caused by the mold Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Control of sheath blight disease that is often done by the farmers is by using chemical pesticides (fungicides), which caused environmental problems. One way to reduce the use of pesticides is to biological control by using antagonist bacteria. This study aimed at in vitro test of rhizobacteria in preventing the development of sheath blight disease in rice plants. This research was conducted in the Phytopathology laboratory of Plant Protection Department of Faculty Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru from March to May 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with three groups consisting of eight types of rhizobacteria isolates: (r1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala), (r2) Bacillus megaterium (Hulu Sungai Tengah), (r3) Azotobacter sp. (Barito Kuala), (r4) Pseudomonas sp. (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r5) Flavobacterium sp. (Tanah Laut), (r6) Bacillus bodius (Barito Kuala), (r7) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r8) Necercia sp. (Tanah Laut). The results showed that all rhizobacteria have the ability to inhibit the development of R. solani with different percentages of inhibitions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala) was the most effective rhizobacteria in inhibiting the development of R. solani.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Dedi Natawijaya ◽  
Endang Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.

scholarly journals Utilizing the combined antifungal potential of Trichoderma spp. and organic amendments against dry root rot of mungbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Choudhary ◽  
Shabbir Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Greenhouse Study

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bioagents and organic amendments in suppressing the dry root rot of mungbean incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola. The locally isolated pathogen and fungal biocontrol agents were identified based on morphological and molecular characterization. These identified bioagents were tested in vitro, and the highest mycelial inhibition was recorded in dual culture assay by Trichoderma harzianum (74.44%), and among organic amendments, maximum mycelial inhibition was found in neem cake (61.11%). In a greenhouse study, T. harzianum + neem cake effectively enhanced the percent germination (93.33%) and decreased the percent disease mortality (11.67%) than the other treatments. The morphological parameter like plant height (57.50 cm), dry weight (22.83 g) root nodules (51), pods/plant (58), and 100-seed weight (5.78 g) were found to be at the maximum in this combined application. Physiological pigments viz. chlorophyll (2.41 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.19 mg/g), protein content (5.85 mg/g), and leghemoglobin (11.75 mg/g) were also found to be maximum in T. harzianum + neem cake and minimum phenol content (1.41 mg/g). The study concludes that T. harzianum + neem cake can be recommended as an effective approach for the management of dry root rot of mungbean.

scholarly journals The Potency of Endofit Fungi in Cocoa as Biological Agent to Control Cocoa Pod Disease Caused by Phytophthota Palmivora (Butler) Butler

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
I Made Sudarma ◽  
Ni Made Puspawati ◽  
I Ketut Suada
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

Cocoa pod disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora has resulted in loss of cacao in Indonesia, especially in Bali. So far the disease control strategy is not fully understood. So there is a need to find an alternative by using endophytic fungi associated with cocoa plant. Endophytic fungi are needed to be explored in all parts of the cocoa plant such as stems, leaves and husks. The prevalence of fungal endophyte was determined by the size of its domination on the surface tissue for protection against pathogen. The exploration of the endophytic fungi benefits is aimed at finding biological agent s that could control of pathogenic P. palmivora.  The results showed that 15 types of endophyte fungi have been found in the healthy leaves, stem and pod husks, with the prevalence of fungal endophyte originated from healthy leaf Mecelia sterilia (hyphae sterile) around 30%, the endophyte fungi originated from the healthy cocoa stem are Mycelia sterilia, Neurospora spp and Trichoderma spp around 25%. While the endophytic fungi originated from healthy skin fruit is Trichoderma spp. around 35%. The in vitro test results of endophytic fungi antagonistic against P. palmivora indicated that the endophyte fungi originated from the leaf namely Aspergillus spp was obtained at 80 ± 2%, A. niger 90 ± 2%, A. flavus 100%, and Trichoderma spp. 90 ± 1.5%, the endophytic fungus originated from rods namely Neurospora spp. was 95 ± 2%, and Trichoderma spp. was 90 ± 2%. While the endophytic originated from rind namely Neurospora spp . was 95 ± 1.5 % and Trichoderma spp. was 80 ± 2%. The results of in vivo test of antagonistic endophytic fungi against P. palmivora showed that all of endophytic fungi (Aspergillus sp., A. niger, A. flavus, Neurospora sp., and Trichoderma sp.) have a significant effect in suppressing the growth of mycelium P. palmivora.Keywords: Endophytic Fungus, Phytophthora Palmivora, Inhibition, Prevalence, Biological Agents

The antagonistic properties of Trichoderma spp. inhabiting woods for potential biological control of wood-damaging fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaejung Lee ◽  
Nayoon Huh ◽  
Joo Hyun Hong ◽  
Beom Seok Kim ◽  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Aureoviride

Abstract The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. for biological control of wood-damaging fungi was investigated in the present paper. In vitro assays to investigate antifungal characteristics of Trichoderma spp. were conducted with various wood-damaging fungi. Exo-chitinase activity of the isolates was also measured. Three typical wood decayers and three sap-stainers served as target fungi. The antagonistic abilities of each Trichoderma species differed markedly according to the target fungus. The growth inhibition rates shown by the non-volatile metabolites against the wood decayers reached 100% for Trichoderma harzianum KUC1459. The antibiotics produced by Trichoderma dorotheae KUC5027, a recently reported species of Trichoderma, revealed strong antagonistic effects against sap-stainers. Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 effectively inhibited the growth of all wood-damaging fungi in dual culture tests. The exo-chitinases of Trichoderma longibrachiatum KUC1540, Trichoderma aureoviride KUC1335, and T. harzianum KUC1459 showed significantly high activity.

scholarly journals In vitro Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. and Talaromyces flavus to Control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici the Causal Agent of Wheat Take-all Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Seddighe Mohammadi ◽  
Leila Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.

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