Chemical Profiling and Constituent Diversity in Nutmeg Genotypes (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)

Background: Nutmeg is a perennial tree spices which is yielding twin spices; present days research thrust is to identify high yielding mother trees. But yield and quality both are equally important due to its wide spread medicinal as well as industrial usage. Methods: The core collection of nutmeg genotypes form different locations of Kerala evaluated for biochemical composition. Seventeen morphologically distinct types of nutmeg were analysed through GC/MS method. The change in volatiles after storage (at 4°C) was also assessed after one year. Result: The range of variation was observed for kernel oil, mace oil, kernel oleoresin, mace oleoresin and fixed oil of kernel. Myristicin, elemecin and sabinene were principal volatile compounds. The identification of distinct nutmeg chemotypes for specific volatile compounds which could be used in commercial cultivation/pharmaceutical application/industrial use. Present study highlights the high and low hallucinogen (myristicine, elemicine and safrole) genotypes along with high sabinene types.

Skrining Fitokimia dan Pengaruh Cara Pengeringan Terhadap Kualitas Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh cara pengeringan terhadap kualitas ekstrak etanol daging buah pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt). Cara-cara pengeringan yang dilakukan adalah pengeringan oven 40oC dan pengeringan langsung di bawah sinar matahari. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak daging buah tanaman pala diperoleh bahwa ekstrak daging buah pala mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Analisis kualitas ekstrak etanol daging buah pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) terdiri dari uji organoleptis, uji kadar air dan uji kadar abu. Dari hasil penelitian diperolah bahwa ekstrak etanol daging buah pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) dari masing-masing proses pengeringan memiliki ekstrak kental, berwarna cokelat pekat dan bau khas pala. Kadar air daging buah pala dengan metode pengeringan oven sebesar 22,22 % sedangkan dengan metode pengeringan di bawah sinar matahari memiliki kadar air sebesar 3,3 %. Kadar abu daging buah pala dengan metode pengeringan oven sebesar 5,47 % sedangkan dengan metode pengeringan di bawah sinar matahari memiliki kadar abu sebesar 1,77 %.Kata kunci : Myristica fragrans Houtt; pengeringan; kadar air; kadar abu

PERBEDAAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MINUMAN SEGAR DAN MINUMAN INSTAN DARI JAHE (Zingiber officinale var rubrum), PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) DAN SERAI (Cymbopogon nardus L)

This study aims to obtain fresh and instant drink formulas from ginger, nutmeg and lemongrass that are accepted by the panelists and have the best antioxidant activity. This study used the RAL method with 6 treatments 3 replications, and fresh drink formulations of FA1: ginger 300mL, nutmeg 100mL, lemongrass 100mL, FA2: ginger 300mL, nutmeg 50mL, lemongrass 150mL, FA3: ginger 300mL, nutmeg 25mL, lemongrass 175 mL and instant drinks FA4: ginger 300mL, nutmeg 100mL, lemongrass 100mL, FA5: ginger 300mL, 50mL of nutmeg, 150mL of lemongrass, FA6: ginger 300mL, nutmeg 25mL, lemongrass 175 mL, then analyzed for total phenol content, antioxidant activity as an antidote to free radicals, then using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the highest total phenol content was in the FA3 treatment of 10.81 mgGAE / g, and the lowest was in the FA4 treatment of 0.22 mgGAE / g. The results of the analysis of antioxidant activity as an antidote to DPPH free radicals at a concentration of 100ppm showed that the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained in the FA3 treatment of 52.18% and the lowest was in the FA4 treatment, namely 42.59%. Whereas for the IC50 value, the highest value was found in the FA3 treatment with a concentration of 56.8 ppm, and the lowest was in the FA4 treatment with a concentration of 116.05 ppm. The best treatment based on the sensory test of instant drinks, the most preferred by the panelists was in the FA5 treatment with a value of 4.35, and the lowest was in the FA6 treatment with a value of 4. The results of this study can be concluded that the fresh drinks that have the best total phenols are found in the FA3 treatment, where as for instant drinks that have the best total phenols in the FA5 treatment, and for fresh drinks and instant drinks that have the best antioxidant activity are in the FA3 treatment, for pelyan persistic preferences testing FA5.Keywords: Ginger, Nutmeg, Lemongrass, Total Phenol, Antioxidant.

Kelayakan Usahatani dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Banda di Pulau Damer

Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) dikenal sebagai tanaman rempah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan merupakan tanaman serbaguna karena setiap bagiannya dapat dimanfaatkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan, kelayakan usahatani dan strategi pengembangan pala di Pulau Damer. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2021 di Pulau Damer (Desa Kehli dan Desa Wulur, Kecamatan Damer). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) berdasarkan ketentuan besarnya populasi petani yang membudidayakan tanaman pala banda. Berdasarkan rumus Slovin untuk populasi dan tingkat kesalahan 15% maka diperoleh sampel sebanyak 40 petani di Desa Wulur dan 32 petani di Desa Kehli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani pala banda di Pulau Damer menguntungkan sehingga layak untuk dikembangkan. Hasil analisis SWOT dan QSPM menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang diprioritaskan dalam upaya pengembangan pala Banda adalah peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia petani pala dan petugas PPL. Strategi prioritas ini penting dilakukan dengan program pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman melalui identifikasi, pengawasan dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman, pelatihan pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman bagi petani dan petugas PPL.

Organoleptic properties evaluation of Ternate Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Ternate City, North Maluku Province is a producer of nutmeg. The nutmeg that is cultivated comes from smallholder plantations. So far, post-harvest handling is still traditionally with simple equipment and poor hygienic which results in low-quality nutmeg. Efforts to improve post-harvest handling need to be done to improve the quality and farmer’s income. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge on good post-harvest handling of nutmeg in Ternate. One of the phases of activity carried out is through a survey to farmers to identify the organoleptic properties of nutmeg, as well as testing the water and vitamin C content of the nutmeg. The test results show that the drying process is not optimal because the resulting water content does not meet Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which is above 10%. The content of vitamin C in the flesh is 22 mg. Meanwhile, the organoleptic properties found that the colour, flavour, and taste were the most preferred by the farmer in the mace, seed, and flesh, respectively. The results of this activity can provide information about the characteristics of nutmeg that have been produced by Ternate farmers as a recommendation for proper post-harvest handling of nutmeg.

PENGARUH NATRIUM BENZOAT DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGIS SELAI PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh natrium benzoat dan waktu penyimpanan terhadap mutu kimia dan mikrobiologi selai pala. Penelitian dilakukan secara acak lengkap dengan dua variabel yaitu natrium benzoat dan waktu penyimpanan dengan dua ulangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi natrium benzoat dapat mempertahankan kandungan vitamin C hingga penyimpanan 15 hari. Namun penambahan 250 mg natrium benzoat pada penyimpanan 15 hari dapat mengawetkan selai pala dengan kandungan vitamin C 0.138 mg/100g bahan, total asam 9.25 mg/100g bahan dan nilai pH 2.00. Sedangkan penambahan natrium benzoat 750 mg dapat mengawetkan selai pala hingga 60 hari ditunjukkan dengan jumlah koloni terendah (25 x 10-3 CFU/ml) yang memenuhi standar mutu Indonesia (SNI). Kesimpulannya, produksi selai pala dengan penambahan natrium benzoat layak untuk memperpanjang waktu penyimpanan.

Nutmeg Cultivation Intensity (Myristica fragrans Houtt) in Banda District

This study aims to determine and analyze the components of nutmeg cultivation at the farm level. The method used in the study was a survey method of plant cultivation. Sampling was done by using the multistage random sampling method. The area of reserach selected uses the pivate area startification. Each village was randomly sampled as many as 10 farmers, the total number of which was 20 sampled farmers. The results showed that farmers in Lonthor Village and Selamong Village, Banda Subdistrict, had not fully carried out intensive nutmeg cultivation that included land cultivation, seeding, fertilization, maintenance and post-harvest processing. This is because the existing nutmeg plants generally inherited from their parents so that it affects the decreased nutmeg production.

Performance Evaluation of DBSKKV Developed Fruit harvesters for Matured Nutmeg Harvesting

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is an important tree spice which produces two different spices. Harvesting should be done at proper stage of maturity in order to maintain their nutrients level as attaining desirable quality. Presently, the method adopted for harvesting nutmeg in Konkan region is done manually. The DBSKKV, Dapoli has developed four different fruit harvesters. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the field performance and check feasibility for harvesting of matured Nutmeg fruits with DBSKKV, Dapoli developed fruit harvesters. The performance of the DBSKKV developed fruit harvesters for matured Nutmeg fruit were evaluated in terms of harvesting capacity (kg/h), damage fruit per cent, total harvesting time (h), labour requirement and economics of Nutmeg harvesting. The average harvesting capacity of Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Sapota harvester and Multi fruit harvester foe matured Nutmeg harvesting was found to be 51.33 Nos./h (2.79 kg/h), 61 Nos./h (2.78 kg/h), 51.33 Nos./h (2.92 kg/h) and 144.66 nos./h (5.63 kg/h) respectively. The average damage fruit per cent for Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Sapota harvester and Multi fruit harvester for matured Nutmeg harvesting were found to be 25.73%, 25.79%, 17.02% and 7.76% respectively. The cost of operation of Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Saopta harvester and Multi fruit harvester for matured Nutmeg harvesting was found to be Rs 18.21/kg, Rs 18.44/kg, Rs 17.53/kg and Rs 9.01/kg respectively. Among the evaluated DBSKKV, Dapoli fruit harvesters for matured Nutmeg harvesting, Multi fruit harvester perform better with minimum damage of fruits.