scholarly journals Potensi Mikrob Asal Air Rendaman Limbah Jamur Tiram untuk Menghambat Alternaria solani Sorr. in Vitro dan Penyakit Bercak Cokelat pada Tomat

Agrikultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Santa Monica ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Dual Culture

Penyakit bercak cokelat yang disebabkan oleh Alternaria solani Sorr. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat. Salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah pengendalian biologi. Bahan organik termasuk limbah jamur tiram merupakan salah satu sumber yang potensial untuk mendapatkan mikrob yang bersifat antagonistik terhadap patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Alternaria solani secara in vitro dan menekan penyakit bercak cokelat pada buah dan daun tomat. Percobaan terdiri dari beberapa tahap antara lain isolasi mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram, seleksi awal dan uji lanjutan kemampuan isolat mikrob untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture. Isolat hasil seleksi in vitro diuji kemungkinan patogensitasnya pada buah tomat dan isolat non patogenik yang dapat menghambat infeksi A. solani diuji lebih lanjut pada tanaman tomat. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa di antara 23 isolat mikrob yang diperoleh dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram terdapat delapan isolat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani  secara in vitro dengan tingkat penghambatan berkisar antara 70,1% sampai  81,2%.  Pada pengujian di buah tomat, dua isolat jamur berhifa (Rhizopus spp.) bersifat patogenik dan tiga isolat mikrob non patogenik dapat menghambat infeksi A solani pada buah tomat sebesar  78,4% dan 83,7%. Pada percobaan di tanaman tomat, hanya dua isolat (isolat jamur TJ4 dan isolat bakteri TB25) yang dapat menekan penyakit bercak cokelat masing-masing sebesar 54,8% dan 37,9%.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Action Mode of Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP as Biocontrol Agents on Alternaria solani

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Wawan Setiawan ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Atit Kanti ◽  
I Made Sudiana
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta

Rhodotorula sp. is widely known as a biocontrol agent and is reported effective in controlling several diseases on crops. Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP is an antagonist yeast from Indonesia which was effective in controlling various plant diseases. The objective of this research was to study the in vitro mode of action of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP against Alternaria solani. The antibiosis ability of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP to A. solani might be based on the activity of volatile compounds and not from its metabolites products. The growth of A. solani in paper disk assay and dual culture tests were not inhibited nor inhibitory zones  developed, whereas the inverse petridish test showed the growth inhibition of A. solani. The results of the chitinolytic activity test on chitin agar and proteolytic on skim milk agar showed that no clear zone was formed. R. minuta has a strong hyperparasitic ability according to the slide culture test as the yeast cells surrounded A. solani hyphae and caused damage to some parts of hyphae.

scholarly journals Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by Alternaria Solani and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chapol K. Roy ◽  
Nafiza Akter ◽  
Mohammad K.I. Sarkar ◽  
Moyen Uddin Pk ◽  
Nadira Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Dual Culture

Introduction:Early blight is a common disease of tomato, which is caused byAlternaria solani.Objectives:This work was accompanied to find an alternative to chemical fungicides and to screen tomato varieties againstAlternaria solani.Methods:The infected leaves were collected from five tomato fields of Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and were cultured for the identification of the infectious fungus and The phytobiocidal role of six plants againstAlternaria solaniwas evaluatedin vitromodel.Results & Discussion:Alternaria solaniwas identified as the infectious fungus. The growth of the test fungiTrichodermaspp.viz.,Trichoderma viride,T. harzianumcollected form NAMDEC andTrichodermasp collected from field of BCSIR was monitored as optimum PH. All the selectedTrichodermaspp. were antagonistic toA. solani.Antagonistic capacity of theTrichodermaspp. was tested by dual culture, volatile as well as non-volatile method. It was observed,T. viridewas most effective in the reduction process ofA. solaniandT. harzianum.T.viridealso showed highest inhibition in volatile and non-volatile trials. Six plant extractsviz.,Adhatoda vasica(Nees),Azadirachta indica(A Juss).Ocimujm sanctum(L),Allium sativum(L),Datura metal(Linn) andZingiber officinale(Rose) were selected to evaluate theirin vitroefficacy of 5%, 10% and 20% concentration against theA. solani.Allium sativumwas the most effective one againstA. solani, followed byAzadirachta indica. The efficacy of five fungicidesviz., Bavistin 50WP, Mancozeb 80WP, Indofil M-45, Sulcox 50WP and Tall 25EC were evaluated for their fungitoxicity against theA. solaniat 100, 200,100, 600 and 800 ppm. Tall 25EC was the most effective fungicide againstAlternaria solanifollowed by Mancozeb 80WP. After screening the five tomato varieties againstA. solani, it was revealed that BARI Tomato-9 had the highest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI) and the leaf of BARI Tomato-7 had the lowest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI).Conclusion:The extract ofAllium sativumwas effective to controlAlternaria solaniat prescribed concentration. The highest PDI was found in BARI tomato-9 againstAlternaria solani.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Trichoderma asperellum T76-14 Released Volatile Organic Compounds against Postharvest Fruit Rot in Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) Caused by Fusarium incarnatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Warin Intana ◽  
Suchawadee Kheawleng ◽  
Anurag Sunpapao
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Volatile Organic

Postharvest fruit rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum is a destructive postharvest disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Biocontrol by antagonistic microorganisms is considered an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action involved in the biocontrol of postharvest fruit rot in muskmelons by Trichoderma species. Seven Trichoderma spp. isolates were selected for in vitro testing against F. incarnatum in potato dextrose agar (PDA) by dual culture assay. In other relevant works, Trichoderma asperellum T76-14 showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) than other isolates. Through the sealed plate method, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from T. asperellum T76-14 proved effective at inhibiting the fungal growth of F. incarnatum by 62.5%. Solid-phase microextraction GC/MS analysis revealed several VOCs emitted from T. asperellum T76-14, whereas the dominant compound was tentatively identified as phenylethyl alcohol (PEA). We have tested commercial volatile (PEA) against in vitro growth of F. incarnatum; the result showed PEA at a concentration of 1.5 mg mL−1 suppressed fungal growth with 56% inhibition. Both VOCs and PEA caused abnormal changes in the fungal mycelia. In vivo testing showed that the lesion size of muskmelons exposed to VOCs from T. asperellum T76-14 was significantly smaller than that of the control. Muskmelons exposed to VOCs from T. asperellum T76-14 showed no fruit rot after incubation at seven days compared to fruit rot in the control. This study demonstrated the ability of T. asperellum T76-14 to produce volatile antifungal compounds, showing that it can be a major mechanism involved in and responsible for the successful inhibition of F. incarnatum and control of postharvest fruit rot in muskmelons.

scholarly journals Efficacy of coupling gamma irradiation with calcium chloride and lemongrass oil in maintaining guava fruit quality and inhibiting fungal growth during cold storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadan A. Hassanein ◽  
Ehab A. Salem ◽  
Ahmed A. Zahran
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Lemongrass Oil

AbstractThis study was performed to explore the efficacy of combining more than one postharvest treatment in maintaining some quality attributes and reducing fungal pathogenicity in cold-stored guava fruits. The investigated postharvest treatments included the control, CaCl2(4%), lemongrass oil (2 dm3kg−1), gamma (γ) irradiation (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 kGy), 0.4 kGy γ irradiation + CaCl2(4%), and 0.4 kGy γ irradiation + lemongrass oil (2 dm3kg−1). The studied physiochemical attributes included weight loss, decay percentage, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. Different fungal species were also isolated from decayed fruits and were identified asAlternaria alternata,Alternaria solani,Aspergillus niger,Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium solaniandRhizopus stolonifer. The severity of infection for the different fungi was determined, and anin vitroantifungal assay was conducted for lemongrass oil. All the investigated treatments generally reduced decay and water loss percentages, and controlled TSS, TA and vitamin C decrements that occurred during cold storage. On the other hand, higher irradiation doses generally increased fruit softness, and the 0.4 kGy γ dose did not contribute to the overall fruit quality when coupled with CaCl2and lemongrass oil, compared to CaCl2and lemongrass oil treatments alone.

scholarly journals Efeito de extratos vegetais de plantas do Cerrado para controle de pinta-preta em tomateiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Bruna Fukumoto Kobayashi ◽  
Daniel Rufino Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Solani

RESUMO A “Mancha de Alternaria” causada pelo fungo Alternaria solani é uma das principais e mais frequentes doenças que incidem na cultura do tomate. Manifesta-se nas hastes, caule e principalmente nas folhas, e em alta severidade. Causa desfolha e também pode provocar infecções nos frutos, tornando-os impróprios para comercialização. Para controle da doença, os defensivos sintéticos ainda são os mais utilizados. Visando a diminuição da toxicidade ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana, surge a busca pela utilização de produtos alternativos para o controle de doenças. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais para o controle de Alternaria solani na cultura do tomateiro: in vivo e in vitro. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas: 1- in vivo (em casa de vegetação em sistema hidropônico) e 2- in vitro (em laboratório). Os tratamentos utilizados na primeira etapa foram: 1- Testemunha (sem aplicação); 2- Extrato de Assa peixe; 3- Extrato de Aroeirinha; 4- Extrato de Pata de Vaca do Cerrado; 5- Extrato de Murici, sendo estes na concentração de 10% do extrato diluído em água e outra testemunha no qual foi aplicado um fungicida (Piraclostrobina). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Na segunda etapa, o experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo os mesmos tratamentos da primeira, exceto o tratamento comercial. Observou-se que os extratos a base de Aroeirinha e Assa Peixe, proporcionaram controle de mancha de alternaria em plantas de tomate no experimento in vivo. Já para o experimento in vitro, pode-se observar que o extrato de Murici e Aroeirinha diminuíram o crescimento micelial do fungo.

Bactericidal and Fungicidal Activities of Calia secundiflora (Ort.) Yakovlev

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Pérez-Laínez ◽  
Rosario García-Mateos ◽  
Ruben San Miguel-Chávez ◽  
Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Quinolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi And Bacteria

Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev (Fabaceae) is considered a medicinal plant in Mexico but has scarcely been used because of the toxicity of its quinolizidine alkaloids. Several quinolizidine alkaloids have shown bactericidal, nematicidal, and fungicidal activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the alkaloids in the seeds and evaluate the activity of the organic extract on several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. An in vitro bioassay was conducted with species of the following phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Monilia fructicola; and of the following bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia carotovora. Cytisine, lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine, N-methylcytisine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, and lupanine were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the extract of seeds; the most abundant compound of the extract was cytisine. It was observed that the crude extract of Calia secundiflora was moderately active on bacteria and more potent on phytopathogenic fungi. In contrast cytisine showed the opposite effects.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Assay for Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Streptomyces sp. KT

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ohike ◽  
Minori Maeda ◽  
Tetsuya Matsukawa ◽  
Masahiro Okanami ◽  
Shin’ichiro Kajiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Dual Culture Assay

Rhizoctonia solani is fungal plant pathogen that infects many different host plants. Recently, biological control agents that are friendly to the environment and ecosystems have attracted much attention as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicide which have been used worldwide to control soil borne pathogens including R. solani. In this study, 53 strains of actinomycetes isolated from environmental soils, and antifungal activities of them were assessed by the dual culture assay. Strain KT showed strong inhibitory activities against 8 phytopathogenic fungi. A great suppressive effect on R. solani growth was observed in the inoculation test of plants using cucumber and chin-geng-sai. In addition, infection of Bipolaris oryzae also could be suppressed in the detached leaf assay using oats. As a result of genetic analysis, it was shown that KT was a species closely related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus NRRL B-3173T. However, as far as we know, there is no report for biological control agents using S. lavenduligriseus. This study suggests that the strain KT may useful as biological control agents to suppress various crop diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinar David Granada García ◽  
Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

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