scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Action Mode of Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP as Biocontrol Agents on Alternaria solani

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Wawan Setiawan ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Atit Kanti ◽  
I Made Sudiana
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta

Rhodotorula sp. is widely known as a biocontrol agent and is reported effective in controlling several diseases on crops. Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP is an antagonist yeast from Indonesia which was effective in controlling various plant diseases. The objective of this research was to study the in vitro mode of action of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP against Alternaria solani. The antibiosis ability of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP to A. solani might be based on the activity of volatile compounds and not from its metabolites products. The growth of A. solani in paper disk assay and dual culture tests were not inhibited nor inhibitory zones  developed, whereas the inverse petridish test showed the growth inhibition of A. solani. The results of the chitinolytic activity test on chitin agar and proteolytic on skim milk agar showed that no clear zone was formed. R. minuta has a strong hyperparasitic ability according to the slide culture test as the yeast cells surrounded A. solani hyphae and caused damage to some parts of hyphae.

scholarly journals In vitro study of baseline sensitivity of important fungi against different fungicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Goswami ◽  
R. Kaur ◽  
Dipak T. Nagrale
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Gloeosporium Ampelophagum ◽  
Mic Value

Baseline sensitivity values of important phytopathogenic fungi were studied against fungicides. ED50, ED90 and MIC value of propiconazole for, Colletotrichum capsici, and Gloeosporium ampelophagum was in the range of 0.020-0.04 μg/ml. ED50 values of tebuconazole for Alternaria alternata was 30.0 μg/ml. Azoxystrobin was also tested for its ED50, ED90 and MIC values against Alternaria alternata, C. capsici, G. ampelophagum and Botrytis cinerea where the values were in the range of 0.019-50.0, 0.03-60.0 and 0.2-100.0 μg/ml respectively. Baseline sensitivity values are important for the management of plant diseases and resistance development.

scholarly journals Fusarium rot of onion and possible use of bioproduct

2008 ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlata Klokocar-Smit ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Stevan Masirevic ◽  
Jelica Grozdanovic-Varga ◽  
Mirjana Vasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
And Storage

Several species of Fusarium are causal agents of onion rot in field and storage. Most prevalent are F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and F. solani, and recently F. proliferatum, a toxigenic species. Most frequently isolated fungi in our field experiments were F. solani and F. proliferatum with different pathogenicity. Certain differences in antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum on different isolates of F. proliferatum and F. solani have been found in in vitro study in dual culture, expressed as a slower inhibition of growth of the former, and faster of the latter pathogen. Antagonistic abilities of species from genus Trichoderma (T. asperellum) are important, and have already been exploited in formulated biocontrol products in organic and conventional production, in order to prevent soil borne pathogens inducing fusarium wilt and rot. The importance of preventing onion infection by Fusarium spp., possible mycotoxin producers, has been underlined.

scholarly journals Antagonism and modes of action of Chaetomium globosum species group, potential biocontrol agent of barley foliar diseases.

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Moya ◽  
Debora Pedemonte ◽  
Susana Amengual ◽  
Mario E. E. Franco ◽  
Marina N. Sisterna
Keyword(s):  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Efficient Alternative

“Net blotch” (Drechslera teres) and “Bipolaris spot blotch” (Bipolaris sorokiniana) are foliar diseases of barley. Biological control is currently considered as an efficient alternative to chemical management of these plant diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify 2 isolates of Chaetomium (C2 and C5), endophytics on barley seedlings and to study the in vitro interactions with D. teres and B. sorokiniana, isolated from seeds of the same host. Cultural and morphologicalcharacterization of all microorganisms was done. In addition, molecular characterization of Chaetomiumspp. was conducted and dual culture tests were carried out to find, by microscopic observations, the effects of the antagonist on the morphology of the pathogens. The results confirm the identity of the pathogens and the isolates of Chaetomium spp. as Chaetomium globosum species group. Inhibition of B. sorokiniana and D. teres by C2 and C5 accounted for 30% and 31.2 %, and 40% and 36% respectively, compared with the control. The mechanisms of action against B. sorokiniana and D. teres were antibiosis and competition and mycoparasitism, respectively. Microscopic observation revealed deformed conidia in B. sorokiniana and plasmolisis, coiling and orange pigmentation in D. teres.

scholarly journals Saccharothrix Algeriensis NRRL B-24137 Potentiates Chemical Fungicide Carbendazim in Treating Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum-Induced Cotton Wilt Disease

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582096034
Author(s):  
Rizwan Asif ◽  
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Cotton Wilt ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) wilt is one of the destructive disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and lead to 100% yield loss under favorable conditions. This study aims to estimate the potential of biological control agents Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 (SA) and chemical fungicides against cotton wilt pathogen under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The in-vitro study revealed that carbendazim showed maximum mycelia growth inhibition with a mean of 91% over control, which was further validated in glasshouse assay. In-vitro dual culture test of biocontrol agents with F. oxysporum determined that SA had a potential to inhibit mycelia growth by 68% compared to control. Further in glasshouse assay, the combination of the SA and carbendazim (10 µg/mL) showed a significant ( p < 0.05) disease control. Moreover, results demonstrated that carbendazim and SA remarkably decreased the disease development up to 83% and subsequently, significant improvement was observed in the plant growth parameters (plant length, root length, and plant weight) compared to untreated plants. Conclusively, exploration and utilization of bioagent for fungal diseases in cotton may provide a better line with maximum efficacy and with lesser adverse effects, which will pave a way toward better consequences in fungal treatments.

Effect of nutrient composition on the in vitro growth of urogenital lactobacilli and uropathogens

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Foaud Soboh ◽  
Andrew W Bruce ◽  
Marc Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Uropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Better Than

Previous clinical studies have shown that nutrients and probiotic agents can alter the composition of the vaginal flora. The present in vitro study has shown that uropathogens have a growth advantage over lactobacilli, but potentially there are natural substances that could be applied vaginally to stimulate lactobacilli growth to the detriment of the pathogens. When chemically defined medium representative of vaginal fluid at pH 5.5 was supplemented with skim milk, it acted as a better substrate for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 than for uropathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans. Lactobacillus MRS medium, even at pH 4.5, supports the growth of pathogens, but when supplemented with ascorbic acid or EDTA, Lactobacillus growth was significantly higher. When L. rhamnosus GR-1 was coincubated in a combined nutrient composition of vitamins and lactose, it survived better than Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These in vitro results provide a basis for testing nutritional supplements to alter the urogenital flora in an attempt to enhance restoration and maintenance of a normal disease-free state.Key words: nutrients, lactobacilli, uropathogens, growth.

scholarly journals Chitosan-CuO Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Shigella dysenteriae: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fatoni ◽  
Ade Chika Paramita ◽  
Budi Untari ◽  
Nurlisa Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Disk Method

The synthesis of chitosan- CuO nanoparticles was studied. This research’s aims were biosynthesis CuO nanoparticles, synthesis of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles, and used as an antibacterial agent of Shigella dysenteriae. CuO nanoparticles and chitosan-CuO nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. CuO nanoparticle was synthesized by the reaction between leaf extract of sweet star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and copper sulfate pentahydrate. Chitosan-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a heating method. The suspension of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles was used as an antibacterial agent with a paper disk method. The result showed that the Cu-O group at CuO nanoparticles was detected at a wavenumber of 503, 619, 767, and 821 cm-1. The crystallite size of the CuO nanoparticles was 4.25 nm. Cu-O group bonded at N-H and O-H groups and detected at 3406 cm-1 from the FTIR spectra of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles. The average inhibition zone of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles at concentration 2.500, 5.000, 7.500, and 10.000 ppm to Shigella dysenteriae were 13.57 ± 1.55; 14.90 ± 1.20; 15.97 ± 0.76 and 17.03 ± 1.80 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Potensi Mikrob Asal Air Rendaman Limbah Jamur Tiram untuk Menghambat Alternaria solani Sorr. in Vitro dan Penyakit Bercak Cokelat pada Tomat

Agrikultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Santa Monica ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Dual Culture

Penyakit bercak cokelat yang disebabkan oleh Alternaria solani Sorr. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat. Salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah pengendalian biologi. Bahan organik termasuk limbah jamur tiram merupakan salah satu sumber yang potensial untuk mendapatkan mikrob yang bersifat antagonistik terhadap patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Alternaria solani secara in vitro dan menekan penyakit bercak cokelat pada buah dan daun tomat. Percobaan terdiri dari beberapa tahap antara lain isolasi mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram, seleksi awal dan uji lanjutan kemampuan isolat mikrob untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture. Isolat hasil seleksi in vitro diuji kemungkinan patogensitasnya pada buah tomat dan isolat non patogenik yang dapat menghambat infeksi A. solani diuji lebih lanjut pada tanaman tomat. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa di antara 23 isolat mikrob yang diperoleh dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram terdapat delapan isolat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani  secara in vitro dengan tingkat penghambatan berkisar antara 70,1% sampai  81,2%.  Pada pengujian di buah tomat, dua isolat jamur berhifa (Rhizopus spp.) bersifat patogenik dan tiga isolat mikrob non patogenik dapat menghambat infeksi A solani pada buah tomat sebesar  78,4% dan 83,7%. Pada percobaan di tanaman tomat, hanya dua isolat (isolat jamur TJ4 dan isolat bakteri TB25) yang dapat menekan penyakit bercak cokelat masing-masing sebesar 54,8% dan 37,9%.

scholarly journals Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIYANTO YUSNAWAN ◽  
ALFI INAYATI ◽  
YULIANTORO BALIADI
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Abstract. Yusnawan E, Inayati A, Baliadi Y. 2019. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes. Biodiversitas 20: 2048-2054. Soilborne diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. are biotic limits for legume production. Biological controls offer environmental friendly control for these pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and screen Trichoderma from different rhizospheres and to obtain effective Trichoderma isolates to suppress in vitro growth of the soil borne pathogens. The antagonistic inhibitory activity was performed by dual culture method. Seven out of forty indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from East Java, Indonesia effectively suppressed the growth of different fungal isolates, namely Rhizoctonia solani (R.s1), R. solani (R.s2) as well as Fusarium sp. which infected soybean and mung bean. In vitro study showed different suppression of the pathogens on dual culture tests. The seven isolates inhibited the growth of R. solani (R.s1), R.solani (R.s2) and Fusarium sp. ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, 72.8 to 82.4%, and 67.9 to 90.8%, respectively. Isolate origin and genetic variability of Trichoderma played an important role in the antagonistic activity. The fast-growing of selected Trichoderma showed their abilities for space occupation and nutrition competition, which involved in the antagonistic activity. The mycelial growth of Trichoderma over pathogens showed hyperparasitism mechanism. In addition, coiling of Trichoderma over hyphal pathogens was observed during microscopic observation. The seven Trichoderma isolates, therefore, are promising as biological control agents against the soil borne fungi infected legumes.

scholarly journals Lanthanum in vitro control of Alternaria solani and induction resistance mechanism against blight tomato plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Antônio Jussiê da Silva Solino ◽  
Juliana Santos Batista Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Augusto Cesnik ◽  
Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Specific Catalytic Activity

Rare earth elements have been tested in control of plant diseases. Lanthanum (La) was tested in the control of Alternaria solani (in vitro) and tomato early blight (in vivo) using the concentration 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 and 0.8 g L-1. In vitro, the concentration were diluted in V8 culture medium and evaluated for mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) and pathogen sporulation. In vivo, 24 hours after the application of concentration was inoculate the pathogen and 24 hours after the inoculation, leaflets were collected for quantification, the specific catalytic activity and guaiacol peroxidase. The severity of tomato early blight were also analyzed. As 0.27 and 0.28 g L-1 reduces 28% and 50% the MGRI and the sporulation, respectively. Peroxidase and catalase activity was increased by 298% and 151% in tomato treated with 0.5 and 0.4 g L-1de La, respectively. In vivo reduces AUDPC 70% when was applied 0.27 g L-1 La. Lanthanum can be used as resistance inducer in controlling tomato early blight.

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