scholarly journals Effect of Hydrophobic Polymer Application and Irrigation Rates on Yield of Field Grown Okra

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
P. Cookson ◽  
H. AbdelRahman ◽  
P. Hirsbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymer ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Polymer Application

Improving irrigation efficiency is of great importance in conserving water resources of arid countries. The effect of a hydrophobic polymer (called Guilspare) to improve yields and water use efficiencies of okra (Adelmoschus esculentus) plants was investigated using a 3x3 Latin Square field experiment. Soils were treated with Guilspare by spraying the surface with an aqueous solution and left to dry. Yields of okra, planted in April and October, were assessed from plots receiving two rates of Guilspare application against an untreated control. Each column within the design received irrigation water at separate rates. Yields and water use efficiencies were generally higher, and a higher proportion of the total yield was harvested earlier, from Guilspare treated than untreated plots. Comparisons of yields from treated plots receiving lowest irrigation rates and untreated plots receiving the highest irrigation rate, suggested that similar yields can be obtained by using the polymer with, approximately, 25% and 50% less water in summer and in winter, respectively.  

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiencies of Different Maturity Group Soybean Cultivars in the Humid Mississippi Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni ◽  
Saseendran S. Anapalli ◽  
Daniel K. Fisher ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production System ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Introducing alternative cultivars with enhanced water use efficiencies can help alleviate pressure on groundwater for crop irrigations in Mississippi (MS) Delta. A two-year field study was conducted in 2019–2020 to compare the water use efficiencies (WUE) of recently released and pre-released soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} cultivars in maturity group (MG) III (‘P37A78’, ‘LG03-4561-14’), IV (‘Dyna-gro 4516x’, ‘DS25-1, DT97-4290’), and V (‘S12-1362’, ‘S14-16306’) in the MS Delta. The experimental design was a split-plot with cultivar as the first factor and the second factor was water variant irrigation (IR) and no irrigation (RF, rainfed), replicated three times. The MG IV cultivar Dyna-gro 4516x recorded the highest grain yield and WUE: grain yields were 4.58 Mg ha−1 and 3.89 Mg ha−1 under IR and RF, respectively in 2019, and 4.74 Mg ha−1 and 4.35 Mg ha−1 in 2020. The WUE were 7.2 and 6.9 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively, in 2019 under IR and RF, and 13.4 and 16.9 kg ha−1 mm−1 in 2020. The data reveals that ‘Dyna-gro 4516x’ (MG IV), ‘LG03-4561-14’ (MG III), and ‘P37A78’ (MG III) are best adapted to the early soybean production system (ESPS) in MS Delta region for sustainable production for conserving water resources.

scholarly journals Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using a modified STREAM model for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kiptala ◽  
M. L. Mul ◽  
Y. A. Mohamed ◽  
P. van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Stream Model

Abstract. Integrated water resources management is a combination of managing blue and green water resources. Often the main focus is on the blue water resources, as information on spatially distributed evaporative water use is not as readily available as the link to river flows. Physically based, spatially distributed models are often used to generate this kind of information. These models require enormous amounts of data, which can result in equifinality, making them less suitable for scenario analyses. Furthermore, hydrological models often focus on natural processes and fail to account for anthropogenic influences. This study presents a spatially distributed hydrological model that has been developed for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in eastern Africa. Using an innovative approach, remote-sensing-derived evapotranspiration and soil moisture variables for 3 years were incorporated as input data into the Spatial Tools for River basin Environmental Analysis and Management (STREAM) model. To cater for the extensive irrigation water application, an additional blue water component (Qb) was incorporated in the STREAM model to quantify irrigation water use. To enhance model parameter identification and calibration, three hydrological landscapes (wetlands, hillslope and snowmelt) were identified using field data. The model was calibrated against discharge data from five gauging stations and showed good performance, especially in the simulation of low flows, where the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of the natural logarithm (Ens_ln) of discharge were greater than 0.6 in both calibration and validation periods. At the outlet, the Ens_ln coefficient was even higher (0.90). During low flows, Qb consumed nearly 50% of the river flow in the basin. The Qb model result for irrigation was comparable to the field-based net irrigation estimates, with less than 20% difference. These results show the great potential of developing spatially distributed models that can account for supplementary water use. Such information is important for water resources planning and management in heavily utilized catchment areas. Model flexibility offers the opportunity for continuous model improvement when more data become available.

An Agent Based Hydro Informatics Approach for the Engagement of Farmers in Irrigation Water Management in Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
pp. 404-423
Author(s):  
Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Software Agents ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Government

The use of software agent systems and technologies to simulate water resources management scenarios and improve the engagement of stakeholders in policy making is gaining paramount importance. Such importance originates from two main concerns or change agents. Firstly, the context of water management is becoming highly complicated due to the intensity of connections with other systems, the diversity of stakeholders and the multiplicity (and sometime conflicting) objectives of decision partners. Moreover, the domain used for capitalizing on water management issues is becoming planetary (as it is the case of shared basins) rather than being local (watershed, watercourse, scheme, etc.). As a result, the concern is not limited to the optimization of the utility matrix of stakeholders but additional attention is required to incorporate many emerging issues such as the maintenance of financial sustainability, functional mainstreaming and improving engagement to promote reconciliation and change of water use behaviors. Secondly, the recent technological developments have improved the processing capacity of hardware, software functionalities and the accessibility of telecommunication platforms. Such developments have been reflected in the improvement of the capacities of decision makers to address complex problem domains. Software agents' technologies possess the qualities that make them useful for the provision of decision support in water management domains. As it is the case of irrigated agriculture, software agents' technology can be used for the design of farm surface irrigation systems, the improvement of irrigation systems management and the enhancement of the involvement of farmers in the processes of integrated water management. This paper is concerned with the use of agent based systems to facilitate the engagement of farmers in Al Ahsaa area in the management of water resources. The government of the Kingdom is adopting a demand management approach for the management of irrigation water by discouraging the cultivation of water-consuming crops such as wheat and dates. Improving the ability of farmers to analyze alternative cropping patterns significantly affects their water use behavior.

scholarly journals Productivity and water use of an irrigated high country pasture

1994 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
R.J. Paton ◽  
P.B. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Mackenzie Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Border Strip ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pasture production and irrigation water-use efficiencies were measured for 3 irrigation regimes on a Mackenzie shallow, stony soil in the Mackenzie Basin near Omarama. Irrigating at 25% was the most efficient of three irrigation frequencies maintained over the 198 1-1986 period (irrigated at O%, 25%, and 50% plant-available water capacity). Less frequent irrigation resulted in lower pasture yields due to increased water stress, while more frequent watering resulted in a 55% drainage loss of irrigation water below the root zone. At 1.16 t DIvUha per irrigation, the increase in pasture yield with irrigation at 25% was higher than most increases achieved in existing irrigation schemes in Central Otago and mid Canterbury. Over 6 years, this treatment required 4-7 irrigations annually and, on average, produced 6.0 t DM/ha more than did dryland pasture. The water-use efficiencies achieved in the border-strip irrigation system used were generally greater than expected for highly permeable stony soils where large drainage losses of irrigation water below the root zone are common. This was the result of reduced soil water transmission rates after compaction by heavy machinery during border strip* preparation. That effect of compaction was persistent, and had not diminished 9 years after initial pasture and irrigation development, as structural improvement of this soil is slow, even under irrigation. Keywords: high country pasture, irrigation, Mackenzie Basin

An Agent Based Hydro Informatics Approach for the Engagement of Farmers in Irrigation Water Management in Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Software Agents ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

The use of software agent systems and technologies to simulate water resources management scenarios and improve the engagement of stakeholders in policy making is gaining paramount importance. Such importance originates from two main concerns or change agents. Firstly, the context of water management is becoming highly complicated due to the intensity of connections with other systems, the diversity of stakeholders and the multiplicity (and sometime conflicting) objectives of decision partners. Moreover, the domain used for capitalizing on water management issues is becoming planetary (as it is the case of shared basins) rather than being local (watershed, watercourse, scheme, etc.). As a result, the concern is not limited to the optimization of the utility matrix of stakeholders but additional attention is required to incorporate many emerging issues such as the maintenance of financial sustainability, functional mainstreaming and improving engagement to promote reconciliation and change of water use behaviors. Secondly, the recent technological developments have improved the processing capacity of hardware, software functionalities and the accessibility of telecommunication platforms. Such developments have been reflected in the improvement of the capacities of decision makers to address complex problem domains. Software agents' technologies possess the qualities that make them useful for the provision of decision support in water management domains. As it is the case of irrigated agriculture, software agents' technology can be used for the design of farm surface irrigation systems, the improvement of irrigation systems management and the enhancement of the involvement of farmers in the processes of integrated water management. This paper is concerned with the use of agent based systems to facilitate the engagement of farmers in Al Ahsaa area in the management of water resources. The government of the Kingdom is adopting a demand management approach for the management of irrigation water by discouraging the cultivation of water-consuming crops such as wheat and dates. Improving the ability of farmers to analyze alternative cropping patterns significantly affects their water use behavior.

scholarly journals Irrigated dairy pasture yield and water use efficiency responses to summer applied nitrogen

2006 ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Mckenzie ◽  
J.L. Jacobs ◽  
G.N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to maximise the conversion of summer (October to April) irrigation water to pasture dry matter (DM) in southwest Victoria, Australia. DM consumed increased with increasing N (0 to 100 kg N/ha per grazing, and 50 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing). Applications of 75 to 100 kg N/ha every grazing, and 150 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing resulted in the highest water use efficiencies (improvements of 25 to 70% in Year 1, 40 to 63% in Year 2). Applications of 25 kg N/ha every grazing and 50 kg N/ha every second grazing led to the highest N response efficiencies (10 to 19 kg DM/kg N). The increases in DM consumed in response to N fertiliser were similar to responses noted for N applied during autumn, winter and spring in similar environments to the current experiments. Keywords: dry matter, perennial ryegrass, urea, water use efficiency

scholarly journals Kısıntılı Sulamanın Greyfurt Bahçesinde Su Kullanımı, Verim, Verim Öğeleri ve Meyve Niteliğine Etkisi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Uğur Kekeç ◽  
Bülent Özekici
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Solids Content

The research was carried out in 2011 and 2012 on the plot of the ‘Rio-Red’grapefruit of Çukurova University. In this study, it was aimed to determine evaluation of irrigation program in Rio-Red Grapefruit Orchard and the effects of water content, water use, tree and fruit development, yield and fruit quality characteristics(pomology) applied to Rio-Red subspecies trees at different levels. Three different irrigation schemes I100, I70 and I50waterwas applied. The average amount of irrigation water applied to grapefruit trees ranged from 332,48 mm (I100) to 128,69 mm (I50). The actual plant water consumption was found to be between 935,6 mm (I100) and 729,9 mm (I50) according to the water budget method. In the first year of the study, yields per irrigation ranged from 306 (I70) to 330 (I50) kg per tree. And they field per irrigation ranged from 59,6 kg (I100) and 108,5 kg (I50) for the second year. The total water use efficiencies obtained in 2011 were between WUEEt 5,18 kg/m3and 6,34 kg/m3; 0,52 kg/m3 to 1,74 kg/m3. The irrigation water use efficiencies in 2011, WUEI between 15,85 kg/m3 and 30,69 kg/m3, in 2012 from 2,17 kg/m3 to 14,27 kg/m3. The average amounts of water soluble solids content in the first year of operation were between 10,22% (I100) and 12,91% (I50); and from 12,41% (I100) to 13,47% (I50) in the second year. Within the scope of this study, since the effects of irrigation issues on fruit yield are not statistically significant, water shortage may be proposed for farmers in order to save water.

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