Standardization of digital technologies of simulator systems as a method of ensuring reliability of conditions of service of power engineering facilities (part 1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Magid ◽  
I. Sh. Zagredtinov ◽  
S. V. Mishcheryakov ◽  
Ye. N. Arkhipova ◽  
V. L. Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

Matters are considered of standardization of digital simulator systems for ensuring reliability of service of various power engineering facilities. Definitions are given to such terms as reliability, functioning conditions anf safety.Industry-specific reference normative documents are presented regulating requirements to technical means for training power engineering personnel. Mandatory minimum requirements and criteria are presented to simulators of operating personnel of power generation enterprises according to the rates established. Existing regulatory technical documents and regulations on requirements to simulators of operating personnel are presented in an overview. Particular emphasis is put on creating technical specifications for certification of applied software tools of simulators of thermal power plants and networks, including compliance with requirements to identification characteristics of software tools, to functional characteristics, to data processing functions, as well as to compatibility and safety, and to user interface.Of considerable importance is the method of evaluation of the simulator, especially with consideration of today’s information technology requirements. The current state of most of developments in Russia’s simulator-building is considered in details, including: creating electronic lectures on description of technical characteristics of power engineering facilities and processes therein, generalized models of process devices, limited mode models, partial topology models (nodal models), shells for construction of process devices, integrated analysers of electric equipment, analytic software complexes and ACS.Based on detailed analysis of implementation of applied software tools in the field of simulator-building at power plants and network enterprises of Russia, substantiated conclusions are presented on the software products under consideration, which have positive references from customers and known for various reasons as “simulators”; these, though meeting the requirements stipulated by regulatory documents, do not feature to the full extent the properties necessary for full-fledged training, namely, full-scale applicability, compatibility with all modes and topological adequacy, which largely reduces the efficiency of their application in commercial operation.

Analysis of machinery breakdowns in power plants fed by biomass and MSW

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Stefano De Antonellis ◽  
Mario De Antonellis
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Energy Utilities ◽  
Solid Biomass

Purpose – The aim of the study is to identify main failure phenomena and to evaluate reparation costs, reparation time, loss of profit and their relationship with power plant and faulty components age. In this work, several machinery breakdowns occurred in thermal power plants fed by solid biomass, biodiesel, biogas and municipal solid waste, have been investigated. In the period between 2004 and 2012, 23 faults have been analyzed. Design/methodology/approach – Each fault has been classified considering: power plant technical specifications, type of damage, reparation cost, reparation time and loss of profit (when data are available). The whole data have been, therefore, compared to find out significant information. Findings – It has been pointed out that relevant property damages are mainly caused by old components failure. In addition, the loss of profit is generally much higher than the property damage (six times on average basis). Originality/value – The study provides useful information that can be of interest for personnel of energy utilities, banks and insurance companies in managing power plants risks and in planning the availability of energy services.

scholarly journals Generation IV supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactors: Realistic prospects and research program

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel L. Kirillov ◽  
Galina P. Bogoslovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Supercritical Pressure ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor

Existing conditions make possible obtaining information that being discussed openly by wide scientific community could help outlining or even establishing the expediency of a particular area of present and future research. Use link http://www.sciencedirect.com to learn about the topics or areas that most attract researchers from different countries. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF-IV) established in January 2000 has set a goal to improve the new generation of nuclear technologies in the following areas: stability, safety and reliability, economic competitiveness, proliferation resistance and physical protection. The purpose of the present publication is to prepare a discussion of one of the directions of development of fourth-generation NPPs, the groundwork for which has already been laid in thermal power engineering in various countries. The number of papers published annually on this topic is the largest among other similar topics dedicated to nuclear power plants of the fourth generation. Judging from the operating experience of existing nuclear power plants using water as a coolant, it can be ascertained that the tendency of building water-cooled nuclear power plants will remain during the next 30 to 50 years. During the present stage the task in the development of alternative types of reactors will be limited to demonstration of their performance and acceptability for future power engineering and the society. The project of supercritical water-cooled reactor is based on the operating experience of VVER, PWR, BWR reactors (more than 14,000 reactor-years); many years of experience accumulated in operating fossil thermal power plants (more than 400 power units; 20,000 years of operation of power units) using supercritical (25 MPa, 540°C) and super-supercritical (35–37 MPa, 620–700°C) water steam. In Russia more than 140 supercritical pressure units are currently in operation. Numerical calculation and design of supercritical water-cooled reactor (similarly to BR-10 reactor) will allow not only training personnel for future development of this technology, but will also help revealing the most difficult points requiring experimental confirmation with application of independent test facilities, as well as formulating the plan of first priority experimental studies. Knowledge accumulated over the last 10 years in the world allows the following: further specifying the already developed concept; developing a plan of specific priority studies; compiling task order for designing small-power pilot VVER SKP-30 reactor (30 MW-th). The scope of problems that are to be solved to substantiate VVER-SCP reactor and commence designing an experimental reactor with thermal capacity of 30 MW is the same as that in developing any type of nuclear reactor: physics of the reactor core; material related matters (primarily concerned with the reactor pressure vessel, fuel, and fuel rod cladding); thermal hydraulics of rod bundles in the near- and supercritical areas; water chemistry at supercritical pressure; corrosion of materials, development of safety systems. Research must be carried out both in static conditions and under irradiation. The absence in Russia during the extended time period of approved program with allocation of appropriate funding and preservation of the existing status during the coming two or three years will lead to the situation when Russia will be hopelessly lagging behind in the development of SCWR technology.

scholarly journals Effect of fly ash on the strength of cement paste at early age

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (HTCS6) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dung Trong Nguyen ◽  
Lam Van Tang ◽  
Hung Xuan Ngo ◽  
Phi Van Dang ◽  
Cuong Anh Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Mineral Additives

In Vietnam, thermal power plants produce millions of tons of fly ash per year and cause a lot of problems for the environment. The re-use of fly ash as mineral additives in the production of building materials such as cement, concrete etc is a comprehensive solution that brings high socio-economic efficiency. However, to achieve high efficiency, the technical specifications index of fly ash needs to be studied and evaluated in detail because the content of added fly ash is very important for producing and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to study the influence of Formosa fly ash on the mechanical properties at the early age of cement paste. The mechanical properties of the samples which contain alternatively 10÷30% of fly ash was measured at the early ages (1, 3, and 7 days) by experimental methods. In addition, the microstructure analysis and differential thermal analysis methods have been used to interpret the obtained results.

Presentation of the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology in national lexicography in the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century

2019 ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Liliia Kharchuk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Electric Power Engineering ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
National University

The lexicographical study of the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology at the present stage of its development is analyzed and outlined. The characteristics of national explanatory and translation dictionaries that contain the terms of the electric power engineering industry is proposed in this study. It is observed that from 1991 till now the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminological system is at the stage of development, revival and revitalization of terminological searches. During the mentioned period significant number of dictionaries of high quality, providing both teaching of professional disciplines in the Ukrainian language and the creation of the Ukrainian educative literature were published. The analyzed lexicography of the present indicates the existence in Ukrainian terminology of a number of valuable and closely related to the electric power industry lexicographic works, which, to a greater or lesser extent, contain electric power engineering terms that serve the electricity industry with a clearly expressed own terminology. Particularly the specific dictionaries that were published in the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, namely, Brief Russian-Ukrainian Electric Power Engineering Dictionary: 5000 terms created by a team from Lviv Polytechnic National University (Lviv, 1990); Russian-Ukrainian Scientific and Technical Dictionary by V. Perkhach, B. Kinash (Lviv, 1997); Russian-Ukrainian Explanatory Thermal Power Dictionary edited by Ya. Mysak, M. Kruk (Lviv, 2001); Explanatory Russian-Ukrainian-English dictionary on Energy. Basic terms: over 3500 terms edited by А.А. Rudnik (Kharkiv, 1999); Ukrainian-Russian-English-French Explanatory Dictionary of Basic Terms in Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering edited by Ye.S. Yemelianova (Kharkiv, 2012) are analyzed. The research once again showed that modern series of terminology dictionaries should be supplemented by a narrow-sector electric power engineering dictionary of explanatory type. This will promote compliance with standards, unification of Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology, and will prevent divergences in existing normative documents.

scholarly journals Statistical method of estimation of stability of parameters of rotor blades of steam turbines of thermal power plants during manufacturing and testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
V. M. Trukhanov ◽  
M. M. Sultanov ◽  
M. P. Kukhtik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Natural Oscillation ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Extreme Deviation ◽  
Normative Documentation ◽  
Technical Specifications

The paper is devoted to relevant issue of raising the quality and reliability of rotor blades of steam turbines. This is due to the fact that the number of failures of rotor blades exceeds 60% of all failures of steam turbines, which are in operation. The developed method of control of stability of parameters and reliability of rotor blades during their manufacturing and testing is proposed to introduce in addition to the existing method of quality control of rotor blades of steam turbines. The methods of quality control of rotor blades during the process of their manufacturing and testing according to existing normative documentation are described in detail. The form 1 “List of defects, malfunctions and failures, which have been revealed during manufacturing and testing” and form 2 “Inspection chart of stability of parameters” have been developed in addition to normative documentation. The calculation equations for estimation of stability of parameters of technological processes and reliability level have been presented. A technique for determination of extreme deviation of parameters and regulation boundaries according to preset tolerance has been developed. An example of stability control of natural oscillation frequency has been presented. The presented technique has been implemented at special purpose enterprises. An internal certificate is drawn up for each set of rotor blades at the manufacturing plant with a view to gather statistical information. This certificate is developed by the manufacturer. Information about the material certificate, the results of control, which has been carried out during the process of manufacturing and testing, with indication of deviations from the draft, the technical specifications during the testing, the description of technological process of thermal treatment of stocks etc. are noted down in the internal certificate.

Investigation of sludge re-circulating clarifiers design and optimization through numerical simulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
S. Davari ◽  
M.J. Lichayee
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Boiler Tubes ◽  
Software Program ◽  
Technical Specifications

In steam thermal power plants (TPP) with open re-circulating wet cooling towers, elimination of water hardness and suspended solids (SS) is performed in clarifiers. Most of these clarifiers are of high efficiency sludge re-circulating type (SRC) with capacity between 500-1,500 m3/hr. Improper design and/or mal-operation of clarifiers in TPPs results in working conditions below design capacity or production of soft water with improper quality (hardness and S.S.). This causes accumulation of deposits in heat exchangers, condenser tubes, cooling and service water pipes and boiler tubes as well as increasing the ionic load of water at the demineralizing system inlet. It also increases the amount of chemical consumptions and produces more liquid and solid waste. In this regard, a software program for optimal design and simulation of SRCs has been developed. Then design parameters of existing SRCs in four TPPs in Iran were used as inputs to developed software program and resulting technical specifications were compared with existing ones. In some cases improper design was the main cause of poor outlet water quality. In order to achieve proper efficiency, further investigations were made to obtain control parameters as well as design parameters for both mal-designed and/or mal-operated SRCs.

scholarly journals Principal Modernization Solutions for a 300 MW Power Unit to be Converted to Operate at Ultra-Supercritical Steam Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Andrii O. Kostikov ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr L. Shubenko ◽  
Viktor H. Subotin ◽  
Oleksandr V. Senetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Thermal Scheme

This paper analyses the state of power engineering in Ukraine and the main trends in the development of the world market in the field of converting high-capacity powerful power units of thermal power plants into ultra-supercritical (USC) ones. It is shown that the energy sector of Ukraine requires special attention and the introduction of new modern technical solutions. Worldwide trends indicate that the emphasis is now on increasing the steam parameters before a turbine to ultra-supercritical ones. This allows one both to increase the efficiency of power units and to reduce thermal emissions, fighting the global environmental problem of climate warming. The implementation of this approach is proposed taking into account the realities of the Ukrainian economy and the available technical capabilities of the power engineering industry. This paper presents the results of variational computational studies of the thermal scheme of the 300 MW power unit of the K-300-23.5 turbine to be converted into a USC one. The problem was solved under the condition of maximizing the preservation of the thermal scheme, increasing the efficiency of the power unit and minimizing capital investments during the modernization of the turbine. It was chosen to preserve the regeneration system, as well as the medium-pressure (MP) and low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Considered and calculated were variants with the addition to the existing turbine of a USC cylinder and the creation of a new high-pressure cylinder (HPC) with insignificant changes in its overall characteristics. The results of computational studies showed that the most rational variant for modernizing the 300 MW turbine plant is the creation of a new HPC designed for operation at USC steam parameters as well as the addition to the IPC of a new cylinder with the purpose of increasing the reheat steam parameters while preserving the regeneration system.

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