scholarly journals R.A. Maslov on Franco-Burgundian Relations in the Second Half of the 15th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 328-346
Author(s):  
N. A. Bessilin ◽  
G. F. Sanzharova
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
French Nation

The characteristic of the Franco-Burgundian relations of the second half of the 15th century in the works of R. A. Maslov is considered. It is noted that the research problem does not need additional actualization: the time under study was a turning point in the history of France, the final stage in the formation of a centralized state. It is shown that the experience of many years of work of R. A. Maslov confirmed the conclusions that during several decades of the reign of Louis XI significant success was achieved in creating a modern French state, the foundations were created for the economic and political unification of its territory, for the cultural and linguistic community of the population and, accordingly, conditions are provided for the formation of the French nation. The attention of R. A. Maslov to the fact that the most important prerequisite for the formation of a nation was the achievement of political unity of the country, carried out on the basis of the creation of its economic community. It is indicated that in his studies Maslov argues the point of view according to which the fierce struggle for the elimination of feudal fragmentation reflected the process of economic consolidation of individual regions of the country into a single whole and the creation of an all-French internal market.

Geometric approach to the revitalization process of medieval Serbian monasteries

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Slavko Dragović ◽  
Aleksandar Čučaković ◽  
Milesa Srećković
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

Among the standard approaches concerning cultural heritage preservation, the architectural point of view deserves particular attention. The special place in medieval Serbian history of architecture belongs to the world famous monastery complexes Studenica, Dečani and Gračanica. Beside them numerous significant monuments (churches and monasteries) exist as witnesses of the national testimony, currently in the state of ruins, archaeological sites, or damaged ones. A lot of them have adequate needs for revitalisation, where the start point is engineering documentation. The focus of the research is on the role of specific geometric and engineering graphics tasks when these areas are concerning. Monastery church devoted to Introduction of Holy Theotokos in village Slavkovica (near town Ljig), with three old sarcophaguses, dated back to 15th century, is presented and analysed from several aspects:measuring, architectural style characteristics - geometric design, 3D modelling (classical-CAD and terrestrial photogrammetric) with visualization and presentation.The attention was paid on preservation of authentic architectural style and medieval building techniques, which allow imperfections in realization.The opinion of experienced scientists and specialists involved in all the phases of monument's revitalisation has been followed as a guideline to the final result – a proposed geometric design of the revitalised church in Slavkovica.

Two ‘Virtues’ of Tiberius: A Numismatic Contribution to the History of his Reign

1939 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. V. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Mr. M. P. Charlesworth's Raleigh Lecture, ‘The Virtues of a Roman Emperor: Propaganda and the Creation of Belief,’ serves admirably to illuminate a new aspect of the history of the Roman Empire, in which the debt of pure history to numismatics (and notably to the work of Mr. Mattingly in the British Museum Catalogues) will be plain. From the numismatic point of view there is, indeed, one curious omission in Mr. Charlesworth's argument; and attempts to make good the omission have opened up a series of speculations which are here discussed.

The Interior of Newly Renovated St. John’s Museum in Nepomuk as Seen through the Eyes of its Employees

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Kateřina Dobrovolná
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Creation

Saint John’s Museum in Nepomuk, which is dedicated to the Saint of the same name (who was a local native), was reopened in March 2015. It’s original name was the Museum of St. John’s and other religious monuments and the museum was founded in 1930 by Father Jan Strnad. The institution was subsequently closed in the mid-20th Century. The study cursorily reveals the history of the Museum and the overall history and architecture of the building, where the Museum is located and its present status and particularly the reconstruction and the equipment of the Museum’s interior from the point of view of the Museum’s employees, specifically in regard to any problematical display cases. Three semistructured interviews were conducted with people who had contributed to the Museum in varying degrees, focused on the reconstruction of the Museum. This critical study can be of service not only to the Museum staff but also for other professionals from this area during the reconstruction of exhibitions or the creation of new ones.

Ethiopia’s Constitutional Framework and Legal Institutions for Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
Belachew Mekuria Fikre ◽  
Menberetsehai Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Developmental State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Transplantation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Development Model

Though one of the key organizing principles that underpin the current constitution is the creation of a single economic community, the country’s long history of legal transplantation does not necessarily complement this aspiration. This chapter examines how the state-managed developmental enterprise continuously negotiates with the rather ‘foreign’ legal elements, usually to the former’s detriment. The chapter takes a closer look at some of the key elements of the constitution and legal institutions vital for economic growth. Ethiopia’s federal state system together with the developmental state approach can only positively contribute to the creation of a single economic community when some of the key areas in the country’s legal development are revisited to align with its economic development model. The various areas examined in this work demonstrate the dilemmas faced when using law as instrument to achieve economic progress under the developmental state policy of the government in power.

Definitions of Poverty and the Rise of the Muslim Urban Poor

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Islam ◽  
The Way

Poverty in medieval Islam is an enormous topic. It is worth considering from a historian's point of view, especially in the light of what has been accomplished by historians of Rome, Byzantium, and the medieval and modern West who have dealt with poverty and the poor. But as always, the sources for Islamic history, especially for the formative early centuries, present difficulties. Here I wish to make a preliminary attempt at dealing with part of this problem. I shall begin by considering an event which represents a turning point in the history of the Muslim poor, or more accurately, in the way poverty and the poor have been represented in modern historical scholarship on medieval Islam. Then I shall suggest a way in which this event may be set in context, and a possible strategy for handling some of the relevant sources. This strategy involves the identification of different, competing ways in which the poor were defined in the first centuries of Islam.

scholarly journals On the 10th Anniversary of the Federal Law On Police: Some Aspects of the History of Creation and Adoption

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Sergey R. Futo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

The article describes the history of the creation of the Federal Law “On the Police”, the mechanism of its development, as well as the content of the main stages of its discussion and adoption. It seems that this article may be interesting from the point of view of understanding not only the content of the main provisions of the Law on the Police, but also the conditions in which they arose, the reasons for using certain formulations, and the preservation of certain provisions of the previous legislation.

Language Contact and the Lexicon of Romance Languages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Thibault ◽  
Nicholas LoVecchio
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The Romance languages have been involved in many situations of language contact. While language contact is evident at all levels, the most visible effects on the system of the recipient language concern the lexicon. The relationship between language contact and the lexicon raises some theoretical issues that are not always adequately addressed, including in etymological lexicography. First is the very notion of what constitutes “language contact.” Contrary to a somewhat dated view, language contact does not necessarily imply physical presence, contemporaneity, and orality: as far as the lexicon is concerned, contact can happen over time and space, particularly through written media. Depending on the kind of extralinguistic circumstances at stake, language contact can be induced by diverse factors, leading to different forms of borrowing. The misleading terms borrowings or loans mask the reality that these are actually adapted imitations—whether formal, semantic, or both—of a foreign model. Likewise, the common Latin or Greek origins of a huge proportion of the Romance lexicon often obscure the real history of words. As these classical languages have contributed numerous technical and scientific terms, as well as a series of “roots,” words coined in one Romance language can easily be reproduced in any other. However, simply reducing a word’s etymology to the origin of its components (classic or otherwise), ignoring intermediate stages and possibly intermediating languages in the borrowing process, is a distortion of word history. To the extent that it is useful to refer to “internationalisms,” related words in different Romance languages merit careful, often arduous research in the process of identifying the actual origin of a given coining. From a methodological point of view, it is crucial to distinguish between the immediate lending language and the oldest stage that can be identified, with the former being more relevant in a rigorous approach to comparative historical lexicology. Concrete examples from Ibero-Romania, Gallo-Romania, Italo-Romania, and Balkan-Romania highlight the variety of different Romance loans and reflect the diverse historical factors particular to each linguistic community in which borrowing occurred.

A Conflict in the Identity of Traditional Iranian Houses: The Case of Qajar Dynasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Amirreza Farahbod ◽  
Uğur Dağli
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Traditional Construction

From an architectonic point of view, the identity of Iranian houses has become more enriched itself throughout history. Primarily, during the Qajardynasty (1785-1925)as a consequence of the social, political, and economical changes which took place, there was a turning point from traditional architectural construction to the modernism principals of construction. In this regard, this studyaims toexplore the importance of the compatibility of the termidentity of architecture in the transformation age (a period which led tothe turning point in the history of Iranian architecture) bydescriptive (including comparative and co-relational methods) and explanative-analytical methods. By evaluating the spatial characteristics of TraditionalIranian Houses (TIH), the study has developed a method of assessingthe architectural identity of the Qajar era. It alsointroduceda Top-down and Bottom-up processing method as the two main factors in shapingthe identityofan architectural style. By comparing both the objective and subjective indicators of shapingthe identity of TIH, the study also revealed that, in transitioning from the traditional construction to modern, the physical characteristics of the houses might change considerably, whilst lifestyles will not change at the same speed.

THE LANGUAGE POLICY IN TURKIC STATES AND COMMUNITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Elchin Ibrahimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
First Order ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the language policy of the Turks begins with the work Divanu lugat at-turk, written by Mahmud Kashgari in the 11th century. Despite the fact that the XI-XVII centuries were a mixed period for the language policy of the Turkic states and communities, it contained many guiding and important questions for subsequent stages. Issues of language policy, originating from the work of Kashgari, continued with the publication in 1277 of the first order in the Turkic language by Mehmet-bey Karamanoglu, who is one of the most prominent figures in Anatolian Turkic history, and culminated in the creation of the impeccable work Divan in the Turkic language by the great Azerbaijani poet Imadaddin Nasimi who lived in the late XIV - early XV centuries. Later, the great Uzbek poet of the 15th century, Alisher Navoi, improved the Turkic language both culturally and literally, putting it on a par with the two most influential languages of that time, Arabic and Persian. The appeal to the Turkic language and the revival of the Turkic language in literature before Alisher Navoi, the emergence of the Turkic language, both in Azerbaijan and in Anatolia and Central Asia, as well as in the works of I. Nasimi, G. Burkhanaddin, Y. Emre, Mevlana, made this the language of the common literary language of the Turkic tribes: Uzbeks, Kazakhs-Kyrgyz, Turkmens of Central Asia, Idil-Ural Turks, Uighurs, Karakhanids, Khorezmians and Kashgharts. This situation continued until the 19th century. This article highlights the history of the language policy of the Turkic states and communities.

The “Abrahamic Metacivilization” of the 8th –13th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Daniil V. Puzanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Historical Ethnography ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
Definition Of

The article substantiates the expediency of considering the system of Christian and Islamic medieval civilizations as a single Abrahamic metacivilization. Heuristic possibilities of the term are revealed on the basis of research works on sociology, philosophy, world and domestic history. The features of the perception of civilizations and religions are analyzed from the point of view of the world-system perspective and global history. The definition of local civilization is being clarified. The definition of metacivilization is given. It is noted that, since the 8th century, on the territory of Asia Minor, North Africa and Europe, a system was forming whose unity was based on a combination of two universal cultures: the Hellenistic (science and law) one and the system of teachings of the Abrahamic religions. The expediency of designating this system as “Abrahamic metacivilization” is substantiated. It could not have arisen before the 7th–8th centuries. Along with the Arab conquests, the importance of religions in communications in the designated territories was growing, and the zone of influence of the Abrahamic religions was seriously expanding. The author proposes to leave open the question of the upper chronological framework of the phenomenon. The Abrahamic metacivilization disappears either in the 13th century (when its Hellenistic component begins to erode) or in the 15th century (with the formation of the capitalist worldsystem). Like world-systems, the Abrahamic civilization had a hierarchical structure, which depended on the degree of political power centralization and the completeness of the state ideology formation. The metacivilization center was represented by Byzantium and the empires of Islam. It seems promising to use the term to study some aspects of the legal, cultural, social and economic history of medieval states with an official Abrahamic religion, including the study of interfaith transactions. It seems promising to study from such positions the early history of Eastern Europe, whose many regions still preserved the tribal structure. The possibility of using the term “Abrahamic metacivilization” in historical ethnography (for example, based on some provisions of R. Redfield’s theory, in which the mechanisms of globalization and global processes were for the first time considered from the standpoint of social anthropology) is also substantiated. An advantage of the term is its specific territorial-chronological reference. It is noted that the term “Abrahamic metacivilization” can be used in studies with different methodological bases.

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