ASIMMETRY AND SIMMETRY OF TIME AND THEIR VALUE IN PSYCHOTERAPHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
L. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Temporal Symmetry

Asymmetry and symmetry of time are examined as related to three issues. First is the flow of time. Second is its reversibility and third- the temporal distance between the present and the past, the present and the future. The theory of presentism which rejects the flow of time in past and future is questioned. Of particular importance in respect to the asymmetry and symmetry of time is the notion of reversibility. Very likely, one should think a relative time can be reversed and possess a temporal symmetry. Psychotherapeutic case shows that different types ofviolations ofreversibility ofpsychological time are the cause of different types of psychological disorders.

On the Limits of Time in the Brain

KronoScope ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Rémy Lestienne
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Nested Hierarchy ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract J.T. Fraser used to emphasize the uniqueness of the human brain in its capacity for apprehending the various dimensions of “nootemporality” (Fraser 1982 and 1987). Indeed, our brain allows us to sense the flow of time, to measure delays, to remember past events or to predict future outcomes. In these achievements, the human brain reveals itself far superior to its animal counterpart. Women and men are the only beings, I believe, who are able to think about what they will do the next day. This is because such a thought implies three intellectual abilities that are proper to mankind: the capacity to take their own thoughts as objects of their thinking, the ability of mental time travels—to the past thanks to their episodic memory or to the future—and the possibility to project very far into the future, as a consequence of their enlarged and complexified forebrain. But there are severe limits to our timing abilities of which we are often unaware. Our sensibility to the passing time, like other of our intellectual abilities, is often competing with other brain functions, because they use at least in part the same neural networks. This is particularly the case regarding attention. The deeper the level of attention required, the looser is our perception of the flow of time. When we pay attention to something, when we fix our attention, then our inner sense of the flux of time freezes. This limitation should not sound too unfamiliar to the reader of J.T. Fraser who wrote in his book Time, Conflict, and Human Values (1999) about “time as a nested hierarchy of unresolvable conflicts.”

Business travel: a perspective paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Berendien Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief perspective on the growth of business travel over the past 60 years and how it may unfold in the future, highlighting certain themes and noting limitations in the research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on selected academic literature and industry sources on business travel which briefly reviews its growth and directions of research in this field. Practical implications The paper distinguishes between different types of business travel and provides a bird's eye view of the future. Originality/value The review distinguishes between different forms of business travel and concludes that greater clarity of the business travel concept will enable research to be conducted within a properly defined theoretical framework.

DEATH

Think ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Clement Dore
Keyword(s):  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Thomas Nagel ◽  
Rational Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Way

In the final chapter of his book, The View from Nowhere, the American philosopher, Thomas Nagel, writes as follows about death:We do not regard the period before we were born in the same way we regard the prospect of death, yet most of the things that can be said about death are equally true of the former. Lucretius thought this showed that it was a mistake to regard death as an evil. But I believe it is an example of a more general future-past asymmetry... [Derek] Parfit has explored the asymmetry in connection with other values such as... pain. The fact that a pain (of ours) is in prospect rather than in the past has a very great effect on our attitude toward it, and this effect cannot be regarded as irrational... [the former asymmetry] can't be accounted for in terms of some other difference between past and future nonexistence, any more than the asymmetry in the case of pain can be accounted for in terms of some other differences between past and future pains, which makes the latter worse than the former.Nagel is maintaining in this quote that it is rational for a person to view pains which he is apt to experience in the future in a manner different from the way in which he views pains which he has experienced in the past. Nagel is saying that it is rational for a person to think of his future pains as more undesirable than his past ones. And Nagel claims that there is a similar asymmetry between a rational person's attitude towards a past in which he did not exist and a time in the future when he will not exist. In Nagel's view, just as a rational person will think of pains which he will experience as more undesirable than pains which he had in the past, he will think of his not existing in the future as much more undesirable than his not having existed in the past.

scholarly journals The arrow of time in operational formulations of quantum theory

Quantum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Biagio ◽  
Pietro Donà ◽  
Carlo Rovelli
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Mathematical Objects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Difference

The operational formulations of quantum theory are drastically time oriented. However, to the best of our knowledge, microscopic physics is time-symmetric. We address this tension by showing that the asymmetry of the operational formulations does not reflect a fundamental time-orientation of physics. Instead, it stems from built-in assumptions about the users of the theory. In particular, these formalisms are designed for predicting the future based on information about the past, and the main mathematical objects contain implicit assumption about the past, but not about the future. The main asymmetry in quantum theory is the difference between knowns and unknowns.

Backpacker tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Gang-Hua Chen ◽  
Songshan (Sam) Huang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rapid Pace

Purpose This paper aims to contemplate the past development of backpacker tourism research and assess the future development of backpacker tourism research. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluate the research on backpacker tourism in the past in the following three aspects, namely, research themes, research methods and geographical and cultural contexts of research. Findings Backpackers and backpacker tourism have been evolving in the past 75 years, just as other groups of travelers and forms of travel have. With the rapid pace of globalization in our time, backpacker tourism and its kinship forms will remain an important international tourism phenomenon, with root reasons in different types of economies and societies. As such, it will remain to be a significant research subject for tourism researchers in the future. Originality/value This paper contemplates the past development and assesses the future development of backpacker tourism research.

scholarly journals Ukrainian ‘Working through the Past’ in the Context of the Polish–Ukrainian Dialogue on Volhynia-43. Asymmetry of Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Julia Rysicz-Szafraniec
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Through ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Main Component

The modern Polish–Ukrainian dialogue is the second interstate dialogue of the twentieth century, in the development of which the historical and political discourses have played an important role. The so-called Volhynia discourse poses the most serious challenge in this dialogue, while at the same time being its main component. The article claims the Volhynia discourse plays a major role in bringing about the asymmetry of historical memory between the two states. The events of Volhynia-43 have remained in Polish historical memory as an act of genocide perpetrated in 1941–1943 by Ukrainian nationalists, mainly from the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), on over 100,000 Poles and citizens of the Polish state inhabiting Galicia and Eastern Małopolska, including Volhynia. These territories, considered by the Ukrainian nationalist party OUN as indigenously Ukrainian, were to be included in the future independent Ukrainian state. The Ukrainian historiography, apart from sparse exceptions, avoids the term ‘massacre’ and ‘genocide’ in reference to the events in Volhynia, defining them as a conflict or a Polish–Ukrainian war with a comparable number of casualties on both sides. The article, analysing speeches and announcements by political leaders of Poland and Ukraine, focuses on explaining the causes and effects of this shift in accentuation in the Ukrainian discourse on Volhynia, and, broadly, in Ukraine working through its past.

scholarly journals Prospects for the future of commercial printing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Horváth ◽  
◽  
László Koltai ◽  
Klaudia Maňúrová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future

The rate of change for the commercial printing industry with regard to technology, business models and customer demand is growing, and the landscape of the industry already looks vastly different from a few short decades ago. Across the commercial print sector today, there are many different types of companies – some very successful, with a young, skilled, enthusiastic workforce who have no trouble innovating and recruiting. However, as in any rapidly developing sector, other companies are trailing behind. Demographic changes are entering the market (Generation Z), as well as the upper levels of management in printing companies (Millennials), and “their preferences are now their demands”. This requires business models to be re-invented and a more intensive focus on issues relating to sustainability. The authors of the article summarize the future of the world of commercial printing and the current state of European commercial printing. They have based their work on a report published by the Smithers Research Institute in January 2020 on this topic and on the professional findings and arguments presented at major scientific conferences over the past two years, with the aim of getting these latest ideas to the earliest helping the researchers and practitioners to adapt to the rapidly changing situation and the challenge.

scholarly journals Conceptual sounding of poems in the prose “Herds” by F. Aliyeva and “The Old Woman” by I. Turgenev

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mariza Magomedova ◽  
Maryam Saidovna Suleimanova ◽  
Zaynab Salmanovna Omarova
Keyword(s):  
Prose Poem ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Time Description

This article attempts to determine the attributes of the prose poem genre in the works “Herds” by Fazu Aliyeva and “The Old Woman” by Ivan Turgenev on the formal and emotional-semantic levels. Artistic parallels in creation of images by the authors of different generations are drawn. The subject of this research is the images of time, old woman and cliff and intertwinement of their destinies into a single time node. The object of this research is the lyrical narratives “Herds” by Fazu Aliyeva, “The Old Woman” and “How Fair, How Fresh Were the Roses…” by Ivan Turgenev. Special attention is given to analysis of the form and content of artistic images in “Herds”, in the context of prose poem “The Old Woman” by I. S. Turgenev, their conceptual and artistic peculiarities. The author also highlights the category of timely space in the narratives. The novelty of this research consists in drawing an artistic parallel between the lyrical narratives of Fazu Aliyeva and Ivan Turgenev regarding determination of the dominant and conceptual differences in creation of the image of time, description of the flow of time, connection between the past and the future, and interpretation of the theme of life and death. As a result, the identification of poetic beginning, philosophical comprehension and artistic presentation of the topic of life and death in the works of F. Aliyeva and I. Turgenev allows, upon similarity of sounding, tracing conceptual differences of the author's thought. Despite obvious similarity of underlying ideas, the aforementioned topic is described differently. In the works of F. Aliyeva, time is not confined, looks into the future, resembling in the succession of generations; with all the pain and losses, the image is life-affirming. In the works of I. Turgenev, the hero turns to the past, experiences the ultimate fear of death, everything stops in anticipation of the end of existence.

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