scholarly journals Composted Yard Waste as a Component of Container Substrates

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Pittosporum Tobira ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet ‘Due du Rohan’ and Pittosporum tobira variegata Ait. were produced in 10.2 liter (#3) containers in substrates consisting of 20, 40, 60, and 80% (v/v) composted yard waste mixed with pine bark and coarse sand. Plant growth, substrate physical properties, and N and P leachate were compared with a control substrate of pine bark fines:sledge peat:sand (3:1:1 by vol). Shoot growth of plants in compost substrates was similar or better than control plants and greater with daily irrigation compared to alternate day irrigation. Root growth and percent air porosity declined as compost composition and waterholding capacity increased. Total porosity was generally consistent throughout the study. Irrigation regime had no effect on root growth nor substrate physical properties. Ammonium, NO3-N, and P concentrations in leachates varied with substrate and time following topdressing with controlled release fertilizer. Both species grew best in the 40% compost, 50% pine bark, and 10% sand substrate.

scholarly journals Change in Physical Properties of Pine Bark and Switchgrass Substrates Over Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Charles Krause
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Container Capacity

Alternatives to pine bark for nursery crop substrates have been proposed, including the use of straw materials such as switchgrass. While straw substrates can be developed with suitable physical properties measured immediately after mixing, little is known about how the physical properties of straw-based substrates change over time. The objective of this research was to measure the change in air space (AS), container capacity (CC), total porosity (TP), and bulk density (Db) over time of a switchgrass-based substrate compared to a pine bark substrate. Switchgrass and pine bark substrates were packed into 15 cm (6 in) tall aluminum cores and placed in a production greenhouse with or without a single hibiscus plant. Physical properties of the substrates were measured at the beginning of the experiment and 9 to 10 weeks later when the plants were nearly too large for their containers. Air space decreased over time, primarily as a function of root growth and shrinkage. Container capacity increased slightly across all treatments over time. Bulk density changed very little over time. The switchgrass substrate was more prone to shrinkage than the pine bark substrate, although vigorous hibiscus root growth reduced shrinkage in switchgrass substrates.

Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) I. Shoot and root growth in a controlled environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Davies ◽  
D. W. Turner ◽  
M. Dracup
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Better Than

We studied the adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus) to waterlogging because yellow lupin may have potential as a new legume crop for coarse-textured, acidic, waterlogging-prone areas in Western Australia. In a controlled environment, plants were waterlogged for 14 days at 28 or 56 days after sowing (DAS). Plants were more sensitive when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS than from 28 to 42 DAS, root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth, and leaf expansion was more sensitive than leaf dry weight accumulation. Waterlogging reduced the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (60–81%) more than that of yellow lupin (25–56%) and the response was more pronounced 2 weeks after waterlogging ceased than at the end of waterlogging. Waterlogging arrested net root growth in narrow-leafed lupin but not in yellow lupin, so that after 2 weeks of recovery the root dry weight of yellow lupin was the same as that of the control plants but in narrow-leafed lupin it was 62% less than the corresponding control plants. Both species produced equal amounts of hypocotyl root when waterlogged from 28 to 42 DAS but yellow lupin produced much greater amounts than narrow-leafed lupin when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS.

scholarly journals 102 EFFECT OF BACKFILL AND PLANTING BED AMENDMENTS ON GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF ACER RUBRUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 442g-443
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Carleton B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Expanded Shale

Commonly used planting techniques and soil amendments were compared to determine their effect on root growth, shoot growth, and drought tolerance of 2.5 cm caliper Acer rubrum. Study I: Trees were planted on 6 April 1992 into holes backfilled with 1) native soil, 2) 50% aged pine bark: 50% native soil, 3) 50% Mr. Natural™:50% native soil, or 4) 100% Mr. Natural™. Mr. Natural™ consists of granite sand, expanded shale, and composted poultry litter. After two years, no differences in growth or survival existed. Study II: On 8 April 1992, trees were planted in 1) unamended planting holes, 2) tilled planting beds, or 3) tilled and pine bark-amended planting beds. Five months after planting, the root growth in the tilled and tilled-amended beds did not differ, but both had more root growth than planting holes. Amendment-induced nitrogen deficiency reduced shoot growth of the tilled-amended treatment during the first year. After two years, the planting hole treatment exhibited the least shoot growth, while shoot growth of tilled and tilled-amended treatments did not differ. StudyIII: Selected trees in study II were drought stressed for 8 weeks beginning 4 August 1993. No differences in relative leaf water content among treatments were observed Results suggest that native soil should be used as backfill in planting holes; however, tilling a planting bed increases root and shoot growth compared to planting in a hole. Amending beds with pine bark did not increase growth or drought tolerance.

scholarly journals (45) Root Growth of Three Horticultural Crops Grown in Pine Bark-amended Cotton Gin Compost

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054C-1054
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Cotton Gin

In the southeastern United States, inconsistent pine bark (PB) supplies and overabundance of cotton gin by-products warrant investigation about the feasibility of replacing PB with cotton gin compost (CGC) for container horticultural plant production. Most research on the use of composted organic substrates for horticultural plant production has focused on shoot growth responses, so there is a need to document the effect of these substrates on root growth. In 2004, `Blitz' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), `Hot Country' lantana (Lantana camara `Hot Country'), and weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) were placed in Horhizotrons to evaluate root growth in 100% PB and three PB:CGC substrates containing, by volume, 60:40 PB:CGC, 40:60 PB:CGC, and 0:100 PB:CGC. Horhizotrons were placed in a greenhouse, and root growth in all substrates was measured for each cultivar. Physical properties (total porosity, water holding capacity, air space, and bulk density) and chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) were determined for all substrates. Physical properties of 100% PB were within recommended guidelines and were either within or above recommended ranges for all PB:CGC substrate blends. Chemical properties of all substrates were within or above recommended guidelines. Root growth of all species in substrates containing CGC was similar to or more enhanced than root growth in 100% PB.

Root Growth of Three Horticultural Crops Grown in Pine Bark Amended Cotton Gin Compost

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Joseph M. Kemble
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Cotton Gin

Abstract In the southeastern United States, inconsistent pine bark (PB) supplies and overabundance of cotton gin by products warrant investigation about the feasibility of replacing PB with cotton gin compost (CGC) for container horticultural plant production. Most research on the use of composted organic substrates for horticultural plant production has focused on shoot growth responses, so there is a need to document the effect of these substrates on root growth. In 2004 ‘Blitz’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), ‘Hot Country’ lantana (Lantana camara Mill. ‘Hot Country’), and weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) were placed in Horhizotrons™ to evaluate root growth in 100% PB and three PB:CGC substrates containing by volume, 60:40 PB:CGC, 40:60 PB:CGC, and 0:100 PB:CGC. Horhizotrons™ were placed in a greenhouse, and root growth in all substrates was measured for each cultivar. Physical properties (total porosity, water holding capacity, air space, and bulk density) and chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) were determined for all substrates. Physical properties of 100% PB were within recommended guidelines and were either within or above recommended ranges for all PB:CGC substrate blends. Chemical properties of all substrates were within or above recommended guidelines. Root growth of all species in substrates containing CGC was similar to or more enhanced than root growth in 100% PB.

scholarly journals Ca, Mg, And Micronutrient Nutrition and Growth of Pelargonium In Pine Bark Amended With Composted Hardwood Bark

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
Willard T. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Pelargonium X Hortorum ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Tissue

Abstract Growth and foliar nutrient analysis of Pelargonium X hortorum L. H. Bailey cv. Aurora grown in pine bark (PB) amended with 25%,50%, or 75% composted hardwood bark (HB) were studied with the bark components mixed either before or after composting. For each ratio of PB to HB, fresh PB was mixed with fresh HB before composting, or composted PB or noncomposted PB were mixed with composted HB. Media physical properties and plant growth and foliar nutrient levels were the same when media were mixed before or after composting. Plants had more shoot growth in media containing 25% or 50% HB. Media containing 25% or 50% HB had a stable pH during the study, while pH increased in other media. Plants grown in media containing 75% or more composted HB showed symptoms of Mn toxicity during the first month of growth. Except for Cu, plants grown in media containing composted HB had normal or above normal foliar tissue Ca, Mg, and micronutrient levels.

scholarly journals Substituting Pine Wood for Pine Bark Affects Physical Properties of Nursery Substrates

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1499-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Charles R. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Moisture Characteristic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Pine bark (PB) is currently imported from southern U.S. states to nursery growers in the upper midwest and northeast United States. Alternatives to PB that are regionally abundant and sustainable are needed for nursery substrates. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of pine wood (PW), which consisted of chipped and hammermilled pine trees (excluding branches and needles) on substrate physical properties when substituted partially or wholly for PB in substrates typical of Ohio. Four cooperating nursery sites, each with unique substrates comprised primarily of PB, were recruited to use PW as a substitute for 0%, 50%, or 100% of the PB fraction in their substrate. All other physical and chemical amendments used traditionally at each site were incorporated. Physical properties including particle size distribution (PSD), air space (AS), container capacity (CC), total porosity (TP), unavailable water (UAW), bulk density (Db), and moisture characteristic curves (MCC) were determined for each substrate at each cooperator site. Pine wood was generally more coarse than all but one of the PB materials used by the four cooperating sites. Amendment with PW did not have any consistent or predictable effect on AS, CC, TP, or Db of the resultant substrates. Pine wood had little identifiable effect on plotted MCC, although it reduced calculated easily available water in one substrate. It was concluded that substitution of PB with PW can result in changes to substrate physical properties that might lead to irrigation management changes, but none of these changes were considered negative or drastic enough to cause physical properties to be outside of acceptable ranges.

scholarly journals USE OF YARD WASTE COMPOST IN POTTING MIXES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1101f-1101
Author(s):  
Dennis B. McConnell ◽  
Wayne H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Schefflera Arboricola ◽  
Oak Leaves

Three foliage plants, Dracaena fragrans, Peperomia obtusifolia and Schefflera arboricola were grown in 24 different mixes. Potting mixes were formulated using yard waste compost from two sources, a commercial mix (Metro 300) and a prepared mix (peat: pine bark sand). All potting mixes produced acceptable plants with no phytotoxicity associated with any mix. Only minor differences were discerned in the growth rate of P. obtusifolia and S. arboricola.The growth rate of D. fragrans showed the greatest response to potting mix formulations. Plants in a standard potting mix (P/PB/S) used in the industry for D. fragrans grew slower than plants in many of the mixes containing various fractions of yard waste compost. Chemical and physical properties of the potting mixes used showed physical properties had the greatest variability. Overall, the best growth for all 3 plants was in a potting mix composed of 87.5% Metro 300/12. 5% YWC#1 and worst growth was in YWC#2 (100% composted (live oak leaves).

scholarly journals Impact of Hydrogel on Physical Properties of Coarse-structured Horticultural Substrates

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Fonteno ◽  
T.E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Polyacrylamide Hydrogel ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Air Space

Addition of a polyacrylamide hydrogel to pine bark and pine bark + sand substrates had no effect on total porosity, regardless of incorporation rate. Container capacity was increased with increasing rate of hydrogel in both substrates. Air space in pine bark was slightly increased at the lowest rate but was reduced with higher incorporation rates. Air space in pine bark + sand was reduced with all hydrogel additions. The dry weigh', of hydrogel cubes recovered from both substrates was similar to amounts predicted. This result indicates that blending hydrogel granules into the substrates was uniform and did not contribute to variability in hydrogel studies. After allowing dry hydrogel granules to expand freely in distilled water for 24 hours, hydrogel granules expanded 317 and 372 times their dry weights at the lowest and highest rates, respectively. Reduction of expansion (in water) at higher rates may have been due to physical restriction of expansion. Conversely, recovered hydrogel cubes from substrates watered to drainage (-10% excess) for 6 weeks absorbed 25 to 55 times their dry weight while in the container. Subsequent rehydration of extracted gels in distilled water was greater for hydrogel cubes from the pine bark + sand medium (104 to 130) than in pine bark alone (51 to 88). Because of anomalies in hydraulic conductivity and pressure plate contact, three techniques were used to study unavailable water content in gels expanded in distilled water. Hydrogel cubes placed in direct contact with the pressure plate released ≈95% of their water at pressures ≤ 1.5 MPa. Effectiveness of ployacrylamide gels in coarse-structured substrates is influenced by physical restrictions to expansion in the substrate and hydraulic conductivity between the hydrogel cubes and the surrounding substrate.

scholarly journals Growth of Containerized Eastern Redcedar Amended with Dolomitic Limestone and Micronutrients

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Eastern Redcedar

Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) seedlings were grown in 1986 through 1988 in pine bark container media with various levels of dolomitic limestone and micronutrients. Supplemental micronutrients reduced shoot growth, especially in the absence of limestone, and root growth was greatest when neither limestone nor micronutrients were added. Including at least 3.0 kg limestone/m3 in the medium was beneficial, not only as a source of nutrients, but also as a buffer against potentially toxic effects of excess micronutrients.

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