Influence of Plant Age on Cold Hardiness of Three Container-Grown Herbaceous Perennials

Abstract Overwintering container-grown perennial plants is often necessary during their production. Rooted vegetative cuttings potted at the beginning of the growing season and rooted vegetative cuttings potted at the beginning of the previous growing season, were exposed to−2,−5,−8,−11, and−14C (28, 23, 18, 12, 7F) in January then returned to a greenhouse kept at 3 to 5C (37 to 41F). In June, plants were assessed using a visual rating scale (1 = dead, 3–5 = increasing salable quality) and dry weight of foliage regrowth. For Geranium × cantabrigiense ‘Karmina’, studied for one year, age did not affect either rating or dry weight. For Sedum ‘Matrona’, studied for two years, age had no effect on dry weight but ratings were higher for two-year-old plants than one-year-old plants in the first year and higher for one-year-old plants than two-year-old plants in the second year. For Leucanthemum × superbum ‘Becky’, studied for two years, age affected both rating and dry weight, which were higher for one-year-old plants. Of the cultivars studied, overwintering one-year-old, container-grown plants resulted in more growth and higher quality than overwintered two-year-old plants.

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Influence of Moisture on Cold Hardiness of Six Container-Grown Herbaceous Perennials

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-33.3.97 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

S.L. Kingsley-Richards ◽

L.P. Perry

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Moisture Level ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Quality Ratings ◽

Visual Rating Scale ◽

Growth Quality

Overwintering container-grown plants is often necessary during production. Plants maintained in pots at growing medium moisture levels above (‘wet’) and below (‘dry’) 10% volumetric water content were exposed to −2, −5, −8, −11, and −14 C (28, 23, 18, 12, 7 F) in January, then returned to a greenhouse kept at 3 to 5 C (37 to 41 F). In June, plants were assessed using a visual rating scale (1 = dead, 3 to 5 = increasing quality) and shoot dry weight of new foliage growth. Quality rating and shoot dry weight of Coreopsis L. ‘Tequila Sunrise’ and Carex morrowii Boott. ‘Ice Dance’ were not affected by moisture level. Quality ratings were higher for Geranium × cantabrigiense L. ‘Cambridge’ ‘wet’ plants than for ‘dry’ plants and for Heuchera L. ‘Plum Pudding’ ‘dry’ plants than for ‘wet’ plants. Shoot dry weight was higher for ‘dry’ plants of Carex laxiculmis Schwein. ‘Hobb’ (Bunny Blue™) and Carex oshimensis L. ‘Evergold’ exposed to most temperatures. Of the cultivars studied, effects of moisture level on overwintering container-grown plant growth and quality are cultivar-specific and a universal effect could not be established.

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Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-6.2.42 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

L. Eric Hinesley ◽

Robert D. Wright

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Pinus Strobus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

First Year ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

One Year ◽

Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

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P3-228: A COMPREHENSIVE VISUAL RATING SCALE ON BRAIN MRI: APPLICATION TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, AND SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1319 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. P714-P714

Author(s):

Jae-Won Jang ◽

So Young Park ◽

Young Ho Park ◽

Min Jae Baek ◽

Jae-Sung Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Visual Rating Scale

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Development of a visual rating scale to aid validations

IEE Recent Developments in Railway Electrification Seminar ◽

10.1049/ic:20040116 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.E. Coleby

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Visual Rating Scale

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Fronto-striatal atrophy correlates of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dong Seok Yi ◽

Maxime Bertoux ◽

Eneida Mioshi ◽

John R. Hodges ◽

Michael Hornberger

Keyword(s):

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Abnormal Behaviour ◽

Behavioural Symptoms ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Prefrontal Cortical ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Visual Rating Scale ◽

Cortical Regions

ABSTRACT Behavioural disturbances in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are thought to reflect mainly atrophy of cortical regions. Recent studies suggest that subcortical brain regions, in particular the striatum, are also significantly affected and this pathology might play a role in the generation of behavioural symptoms. Objective: To investigate prefrontal cortical and striatal atrophy contributions to behavioural symptoms in FTD. Methods: One hundred and eighty-two participants (87 FTD patients, 39 AD patients and 56 controls) were included. Behavioural profiles were established using the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory Revised (CBI-R) and Frontal System Behaviour Scale (FrSBe). Atrophy in prefrontal (VMPFC, DLPFC) and striatal (caudate, putamen) regions was established via a 5-point visual rating scale of the MRI scans. Behavioural scores were correlated with atrophy rating scores. Results: Behavioural and atrophy ratings demonstrated that patients were significantly impaired compared to controls, with bvFTD being most severely affected. Behavioural-anatomical correlations revealed that VMPFC atrophy was closely related to abnormal behaviour and motivation disturbances. Stereotypical behaviours were associated with both VMPFC and striatal atrophy. By contrast, disturbance of eating was found to be related to striatal atrophy only. Conclusion: Frontal and striatal atrophy contributed to the behavioural disturbances seen in FTD, with some behaviours related to frontal, striatal or combined fronto-striatal pathology. Consideration of striatal contributions to the generation of behavioural disturbances should be taken into account when assessing patients with potential FTD.

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Aggressiveness between genetic groups I and II of isolates of Cercospora zeae-maydis

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000600006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 547-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Marisa Mathioni ◽

Carvalho ◽

Kátia Regiane Brunelli ◽

André Beló ◽

Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

5.8S Rdna ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Group I ◽

Cercospora Zeae Maydis ◽

Visual Rating Scale

For many years, the gray leaf spot disease (GLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels, was not considered an important pathogen of maize (Zea mays, L.) in Brazil. However, the recent adoption of agronomical practices such as no-tillage and cultivation under central pivot irrigation systems increased the incidence and severity to the extent that GLS is now one of the most important diseases of maize. Isolates of C. zeae-maydis can be distinguished by two genetic groups (I and II) based on AFLP markers and on polymorphisms of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions. Until now, however, the biological implications of this distinction remain unclear. This study investigated whether isolates from the two genetic groups differ in aggressiveness towards maize. For this, symptoms of a susceptible hybrid were evaluated under greenhouse conditions with 9 and 11 isolates of C. zeae-maydis from groups I and II, respectively. Plants in the V3 growth stage were inoculated by placing sorghum seeds colonized with the pathogen in the leaf whorl and symptoms were evaluated with a visual rating scale 30 days later. On average, isolates of genetic group II were more aggressive than those of group I, with mean disease scores of 3.1 and 2.3, respectively. Differences were also observed between experiments, which suggested that group I and II might also differ in their fitness under different environments. This is the first report on differences in aggressiveness between the two genetic groups of C. zeae-maydis.

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