scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Age on Cold Hardiness of Three Container-Grown Herbaceous Perennials

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
S.L. Kingsley-Richards ◽  
L.P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
One Year ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings

Abstract Overwintering container-grown perennial plants is often necessary during their production. Rooted vegetative cuttings potted at the beginning of the growing season and rooted vegetative cuttings potted at the beginning of the previous growing season, were exposed to−2,−5,−8,−11, and−14C (28, 23, 18, 12, 7F) in January then returned to a greenhouse kept at 3 to 5C (37 to 41F). In June, plants were assessed using a visual rating scale (1 = dead, 3–5 = increasing salable quality) and dry weight of foliage regrowth. For Geranium × cantabrigiense ‘Karmina’, studied for one year, age did not affect either rating or dry weight. For Sedum ‘Matrona’, studied for two years, age had no effect on dry weight but ratings were higher for two-year-old plants than one-year-old plants in the first year and higher for one-year-old plants than two-year-old plants in the second year. For Leucanthemum × superbum ‘Becky’, studied for two years, age affected both rating and dry weight, which were higher for one-year-old plants. Of the cultivars studied, overwintering one-year-old, container-grown plants resulted in more growth and higher quality than overwintered two-year-old plants.

Compositional, cover, and diversity changes after prescribed fire in a mature eastern white pine forest

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cook ◽  
Nicholas Jensen ◽  
Betsy Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relative Change

Eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) forests are considered fire dependent, but little is known about the role of low-intensity fires. We conducted four prescribed burns to examine understory effects. The vegetation was sampled one year before and two consecutive years after the burns. Understory metrics were calculated for the vernal (May–June) and aestival (mid-August) assemblages. The fires resulted in a cumulative mortality rate in the sapling layer of 64%. During the first year, the burns had a neutral or repressive effect on the understory. However, cover, richness, and species density increased significantly for both assemblages during the second year; however, the relative change was greater for the vernal assemblage. The fires also led to greater compositional turnover than in the controls. The large increases in late-season cover were primarily from reduced competition and enhanced regeneration. The fires created a brief window of invasion opportunity, which was minimally captured by annuals and exotics. Ordination indicated different short-term successional pathways for the vernal (diverging) and aestival (converging) assemblages. This difference by time period was consistent with similarity measures. The study suggests that low intensity fires play a vital role in understory diversity and structure in white pine forests.

scholarly journals Early Growth Responses of Naturally Regenerated Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) to Partial Release from Juvenile Aspen and Pathological Pruning

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Jerome A. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Partial Release

Abstract Height, breast height diameter, and basal diameter growth responses of 7- to 12-year-old naturally regenerated eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to partial release from juvenile (15-year-old) trembling and bigtooth aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus grandidentata Michx.) and pathological pruning were monitored over four growing seasons. Pathological pruning is the removal of disease-infected branches before the disease can reach the stem or the removal of lower branches that are most susceptible to infection. Results indicated that seedling growth responses to release and pruning depended strongly on the height stratum to which a seedling belonged. Whereas growth rates of small white pine up to 190 cm tall were significantly reduced by increasing aspen densities and by pruning, growth rates of white pine taller than 190 cm were not significantly affected by either aspen density or pruning. Effects of pruning on small white pine were restricted to the first 2 years after release, after which growth rates were similar between pruned and unpruned individuals. This likely was due to natural crown recession of unpruned white pine, which brought crown lengths and crown ratios closer to those of pruned individuals. Besides affecting natural crown recession rates and growth of small unpruned white pines, release intensity also affected upper stratum aspen, which responded vigorously to release. Findings of this study suggest that early release from upper stratum juvenile aspen should enable the conversion of an aspen cover type to a mixture of aspen and white pine, but may have to be followed up by repeated interventions into the upper canopy stratum. It is, however, questionable if the expense of pruning to prevent blister-rust infections under a partial canopy is warranted. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):27–34.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irradiance, Defoliation, and Bulb Size on Flowering of Nerine bowdenii W. Watson (Amaryllidaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. Theron ◽  
G. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Large Nerine bowdenii bulbs (>14 cm in circumference) were exposed to low ligbt intensities for different periods during two successive growing seasons. The flowering percentage and number of florets in the current season's inflorescence were recorded at anthesis. Small and large bulbs were subjected to continual defoliation starting at different times during the growing season. Bulbs were dissected at planting (26 Sept. 1992) and on 12 Jan. 1993 (nondefoliated control bulbs) to determine growth and developmental stage. At anthesis, inflorescences were harvested and the florets per inflorescence were counted. After anthesis in the fall, all bulbs were dissected and the following variables recorded: 1) percentage flowering, quiescence, or abortion of the current season's inflorescence; 2) developmental stage of quiescent inflorescences; 3) number of florets in the outermost inflorescence; 4) developmental stage of the innermost inflorescence; 5) number of leaves or leaf bases in each growth unit; 6) number of daughter bulbs; and 7) dry weight of new leaf bases. There were three reasons for nonflowering of the bulbs, viz., failure to initiate an inflorescence, inflorescences remaining quiescent, and inflorescence abortion. Individual florets that had not reached stage “Late G” (gynoecium elongated, carpels fused) at the start of rapid inflorescence elongation aborted. The more florets that aborted, the greater the probability that the entire inflorescence aborted. The inflorescence was more vulnerable to stress during the first half of the growing season due to its relatively weak position in the hierarchy of sinks within the bulb.

scholarly journals AIR-LAYERING OF EASTERN WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus L.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
W. D. McJannet
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine

Third-Year Growth Response of Loblolly Pine to Eight Levels of Competition Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Bacon ◽  
Shepard M. Zedaker
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year

Abstract The growth response of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to different amounts of competition control was studied in plantations of three ages in the Virginia Piedmont. Eight competition control treatments involved the removal of all, two-thirds, one-third, or none of the hardwoodstems either with or without herbaceous weed control. Results after three growing seasons showed a significant increase in pine diameter and volume growth with competition control. Treatments combining woody and herbaceous control resulted in better pine growth than the same treatments withoutherbaceous control, in the two youngest stands. The best response, obtained with the two-thirds woody plus herbaceous control treatment, resulted in: a 100% increase in volume growth over the check plots in seedlings treated at the beginning of their second growing season in the field; a 93% increase in one-year-old seedlings; and a 53% increase in the growth of seedlings treated before the third growing season. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):91-95.

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