Effects of Fruit Maturity, Storage, Presoaking, and Seed Cleaning on Germination in Three Species of Palms

Green, half ripe and ripe fruit of queen [Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc.], pygmy date (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) and royla palms [Roystonea regia (HBK) O. F. Cook] were cleaned or left uncleaned and were presoaked in 1000 mg/1 gibberellic acid (GA,) for 48 hr, water for 48 hr, were not presoaked. Queen palm seed germinated best if cleaned green or half-ripe seed was used, but pygmy date and royal palm seed germinated best when cleaned half-ripe or ripe seed was used. Cleaned seed of these palms can be stored in sealed polyethylene bags at 23°C (73°F) for 4 to 9 months. Depending on the species, and royal palm seed benefited from storage of up to 9 months, presumably due to immature seed embryos at time of harvest.

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Influence of Girdling and Gibberellic Acid on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Vestigial Seed Formation of `Sovereign Coronation' Table Grapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.3.541 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 541-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrew G. Reynolds ◽

Christiane de Savigny

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Yield Components ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Effect On Yield

Vestigial seeds of `Sovereign Coronation' table grapes frequently form partial seedcoats that are perceptible during consumption. This problem was addressed through cane/cordon girdling and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays. `Sovereign Coronation' vines were subjected to one of five treatments [untreated control; cane/cordon girdled; 15 ppm GA3 at bloom (GA1); GA1 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later (GA2); GA2 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later]. GA3 had no effect on yield or clusters per vine, but postbloom GA3 treatments increased cluster and berry weights and reduced berries per cluster. Fruit maturity was not consistently affected by the treatments, although slight increases in °Brix and pH and decreases in titratable acidity (TA) were associated with postbloom GA3 treatments. Use of postbloom GA3 applications reduced the number and weight of vestigial seeds with developed seedcoats, and reduced the number and weight of undeveloped seeds as well in 2 of 3 years. Girdling increased cluster and berry weights, decreased °Brix and TA, and increased pH. Transpiration rate of leaves on girdled vines was also higher than control vines on one sampling date. Data suggest that use of bloom and postbloom GA3 applications to `Sovereign Coronation' may reduce the formation of perceptible vestigial seeds and thus improve the marketability of this cultivar.

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DETERIORATION OF BLEACHABILITY INDEX DAN STABILITAS MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH YANG BERASAL DARI TINGKAT KEMATANGAN YANG BERBEDA

Jurnal Agro Fabrica ◽

10.47199/jaf.v2i1.140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Ika Ucha pradifta Rangkuti ◽

Heri Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Different Levels

Deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) reflects the paleness index of crude palm oil which has the aim of removing the color (bleaching) that is less favored in oil, so DOBI is quite important to assist processing in refining palm oil. This study aims to determine the DOBI value contained in crude palm oil derived from different levels of fruit maturity namely unriped fruit, riped and over ripe on oil palm at 850 meters above sea level, as well as its stability on heating for 0 and 24 hours. The results showed that ripe fruit has a DOBI value of 1.75 and has better stability compared to raw fruit and through ripe.

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Characteristics of Litchi Seed Germination

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.7.1187 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 1187-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J.S. Prasad ◽

Raj Kumar ◽

Mukund Mishra ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

A.K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Better Than

Seed germination of four Litchi chinensis Sonn. cultivars (`Deshi', `Kasba', `Purbi', and `Early Bedana') was studied under various conditions, viz. in soil beds exposed to sunlight or in shade, in sand beds exposed to sunlight or in shade, and on moist filter paper. Among all, shaded, humid sand at 35 ± 2C gave the highest germination. Delaying sowing seeds after removal from the fruit significantly reduced germination. Litchi seeds held in polyethylene bags up to 4 days at 37 ± 2C at 90% relative humidity delayed loss of seed viability. Germination was improved by ethephon in `Deshi' and `Early Bedana', by IBA in `Deshi' and `Purbi', and by 100 mm GA3 in all litchi cultivars. Cultivars responded differently to growth regulators, with `Deshi' responding significantly better than `Purbi', `Kasba', or `Early Bedana'. These studies point to the recalcitrant nature of litchi seeds. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA3); indole butyric acid (IBA); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).

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GROWTH REGULATORS: FRUIT SET EXPERIMENTS ON BLUEBERRIES IN SOUTHERN GEORGIA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.750f ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 750f-750

Author(s):

Benjamin Mullinix ◽

Gerard Krewer ◽

Scott Nesmith ◽

S. Scarborough ◽

J. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Southern Georgia ◽

On Farm ◽

C 73

Five experiments were run using surfactants and gibberellic acid (ProGibb). Fruit set is a problem with rabbiteye blueberry plants. Gibberellic acid sprayed on plants when they are in bloom does enhance fruit set. Currently, it costs $247/ha to achieve this enhanced fruit set. `Tifblue', `Climax', and `Woodard' cultivars were used in on-farm experiments. Usually, applications of 80 + 80 are used. With use of X-77 and L-77 surfactants, rates were reduced to 40 + 40. Other rates examined were 32 + 32, 24 + 24, 16 + 16 + 16. Fruit was enhanced significantly over no spraying. Airblast I sprayer performed better PropTec, whether used for day or night applications. Spraying slanting downward produced greater fruit set than from the side. E1: Trt = 15 – 20, C = 11 lb/lo. E2: 32 + 32 = 12, 16 + 16 = 7 lb/lo. E3: AB = 64, PT = 48 %FS; Trt = 56, C = 35 %FS; `C' = 73, `T' = 39 %FS. E4: 5% FS with Trt; `T' = 53, `W' = 57 %FS. E5: 30 + 30 = 87, – 40 + 40 = 80 %FS.

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Identification of Two New Genes Conferring Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Capsicum baccatum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-99-9-1100 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

pp. 1100-1104 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. Mahasuk ◽

P. W. J. Taylor ◽

O. Mongkolporn

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Capsicum Baccatum ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Green Fruit ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

New Genes ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Fruit Stage

Resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. acutatum, was investigated in Capsicum baccatum PBC80 and PBC1422 and C. chinense PBC932. Mature green and ripe fruit were inoculated with 13 isolates of the two Colletotrichum species PBC80 contained the broadest spectrum of resistance to both Colletotrichum species because none of the isolates were able to infect the genotype. At both fruit maturity stages, PBC1422 was infected by only Colletotrichum acutatum. PBC932 at ripe fruit stage was infected by both C. capsici and C. acutatum, except for one isolate, 158ci, that did not infect PBC932. PBC932 at the mature green fruit stage was infected by only C. acutatum. An intraspecific cross between PBC80 and PBC1422 was developed to determine inheritance of resistance to C. acutatum. Anthracnose resistance was assessed at mature green and ripe fruit stages using 0 to 9 disease severity scores. Frequency distribution of the disease scores in the F2 and BC1 populations suggested a single recessive gene responsible for the resistance at mature green fruit stage and a single dominant gene for the resistance at ripe fruit stage. Linkage analysis between the two genes identified in both fruit maturity stages showed the genes to be independent. Based on phenotypic data, the two newly identified genes, co4 and Co5, from PBC80 appeared to be different loci from the co1 and co2 previously identified from PBC932 and will be valuable sources of resistance to anthracnose in chili breeding programs.

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Effect of storage in overcoming seed dormancy of Annona coriacea Mart. seeds

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201420130276 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 2077-2085 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DAIANE M. DRESCH ◽

SILVANA P.Q. SCALON ◽

TATHIANA E. MASETTO

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Maximum Period ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Red Latosol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-treatments on overcoming dormancy of A. coriacea seeds. Seeds were processed and stored in polyethylene bags at temperatures of at -18°C (42% RH), 5°C (34% RH), 15°C (60% RH) and 25°C (34% RH), during 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. After storage, seeds were immersed in 350 mg.L−1 gibberellic acid for 144 hours. Sowing was carried out in plastic bags containing Red Latosol + Bioplant®. Moisture content, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, length and dry mass of seedlings, were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial with four replications of 50 seeds each. The seed storage at 5°C and subsequent immersion in gibberellic acid was efficient to reach high percentage, emergence speed and plant growth. A. coriacea seeds showed non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy wherein the physiological component can be overcome after the seeds are storage at 5°C for a maximum period of 53 days and subsequent immersed in exogenous GA (350 mg.L−1 for 144 hours).

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Gibberellic Acid Accelerates ‘Honeycrisp’, but not ‘Cameo’, Apple Fruit Maturation

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.18.1.39 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Torrance R. Schmidt ◽

Don C. Elfving ◽

James R. McFerson ◽

Matthew D. Whiting

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Return Bloom ◽

Starch Conversion

Gibberellins inhibit flowering in apple (Malus domestica) and show promise as tools to promote annual bearing. The authors validated the efficacy of gibberellic acid (GA) to reduce return bloom dramatically in two biennial cultivars. ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit treated in 2004 with GA4+7 at 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg·L−1 demonstrated advanced maturity in terms of starch levels, flesh firmness, and titratable acidity, whereas ‘Cameo’ fruit showed variable treatment effects. In 2005, 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg·L−1 GA4+7 was applied to ‘Cameo’, and fruit maturity was once again unaffected. Two commercial GA products (GA4, GA4+7) were applied in 2005 to ‘Honeycrisp’ at 400 mg·L−1. Both formulations caused fruit to have less flesh firmness and acidity, and increased levels of starch conversion compared with the untreated control at harvest and after 140 d of common storage. All GA treatments in all four trials profoundly diminished flowering in the season after treatment. Results demonstrate differences in sensitivity to GA between the two cultivars.

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Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment Reduces Soft Scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples during Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.3.414 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 414-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Jennifer R. DeEll ◽

Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Consistent Effect ◽

Important Benefit ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Second Year ◽

Honeycrisp Apples ◽

Soft Scald ◽

Time Of Harvest

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the development of soft scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. In addition, the effects of preharvest 1-MCP on fruit quality at harvest and after storage were examined. For two consecutive years of study, ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were sprayed preharvest with 1-MCP and fruit were harvested twice during each year. Preharvest 1-MCP treatments had little consistent effect on fruit maturity at the time of harvest. In both years of study, preharvest 1-MCP reduced the incidence of soft scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples after air storage at 0 or 3 °C for 5 or 6 months. Soggy breakdown developed only in the second year of study and high incidences were reduced by preharvest 1-MCP treatments. Preharvest 1-MCP often reduced flesh firmness loss in ‘Honeycrisp’ during storage, especially during the second year of study, and with 1-MCP application closer to harvest. Malic acid content was often higher in apples with the preharvest 1-MCP spray closer to harvest. Overall, the most important benefit of preharvest 1-MCP treatments on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples was the reduction in soft scald development. Due to the high potential for substantial fruit losses from this disorder, the use of preharvest 1-MCP sprays on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples could be very advantageous.

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Differential Reactions on Mature Green and Ripe Chili Fruit Infected by Three Colletotrichum spp.

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-3-0306 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Orarat Mongkolporn ◽

Paweena Montri ◽

Thunyawan Supakaew ◽

Paul W. J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Green Fruit ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Differential Hosts ◽

Fruit Stage

Differential reactions on mature green and ripe chili fruit of 10 genotypes from four cultivated Capsicum spp. (i.e., Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens) were investigated after being inoculated with 33 isolates of Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and C. acutatum originating from Thailand. The inoculation was performed using an injection method. Differential reactions, based on qualitative host reactions (i.e., lesion development versus no infection) grouped the Colletotrichum isolates into different pathotypes. C. capsici was grouped into three pathotypes based on differential reactions on ripe fruit stage of two Capsicum chinense genotypes (PBC932 and C04714) and two pathotypes based on differential reactions on mature green fruit stage of C04714. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was grouped into five and six pathotypes on their reactions in ripe and green fruit maturity stages, respectively. C04714 and two Capsicum annuum genotypes (Jinda and Bangchang) acted as differential hosts with ripe fruit, whereas C04714 with all C. annuum and C. frutescens genotypes acted as differential hosts with green fruit. No pathotype of Colletotrichum acutatum was identified on ripe fruit but three pathotypes were identified on green fruit based on differential reactions in two Capsicum baccatum genotypes (PBC80 and PBC81).

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Promotion of Immature Seed Germination in Jacaranda mimosifolia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1485 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1485-1486

Author(s):

Ikuo Miyajima ◽

Adriana Kato ◽

Juan Carlos Hagiwara ◽

Diego Mata ◽

Gabriela Facciuto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Immature Seed ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Mature Seeds ◽

Jacaranda Mimosifolia

In vitro germination of immature seeds of Jacaranda mimosifolia treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied. Immature seeds were collected monthly after crossings and sown on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium with 3.0% sucrose and 0.6% agar after soaked 24 hours with 0, 10, 100, and 500 mg·L–1 GA3 solutions. Though germination was observed in the immature seeds harvested 2 months after crossing (2 MAC), the rate was quite low. When immature seeds of 3 MAC treated with 100 or 500 mg·L–1 GA3 solution were cultured, >60% germination were obtained within 2 weeks after culturing. These results indicate that immature seeds of 3 MAC treated with adequate GA3 solutions, seedlings can be obtained precociously and the period from crossing to the seedling stage was shorter than for mature seeds.

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