scholarly journals Controlological perspective for a study of social control of crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
T. V. Shipunova
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Institutional Violence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Professional Treatment ◽  
Crime Risks

The article aims to consider the possibilities of using the controlological (critical) perspective in the analysis of social control of crime. The author reveals the main provisions of the new sociology of social control, or, in other words, the controlology. These provisions have received support in modern concepts of social control. The article shows the difference between controlological representations from the classical legal discourse. This difference, first of all, concerns the perception of institutional violence of state institutions for combating crime and ensuring security. Discussions, which reflect a critical view of crime control, unfold along three main lines. The first one concerns the consideration of control not only as a tool for maintaining the order established by the state, but also in terms of its negative consequences for individuals and society. The issues related to the selective control of the activities of persons holding a certain status in power and influencing the design of the legal field are considered. The second direction is associated with the analysis of the goals of social control. The methods of segregation of persons against whom the indictment has been issued are presented. In relation to them, the principle of behavioral homogeneity, which manifests itself both in a certain professional “treatment” with prisoners, and in arousing a persistent negative attitude towards them among the population, is implemented. The issue of social and cultural victimization of prisoners is considered. In the third direction, a critical perception of the subject of the activity of crime control agents is traced. Here, the focus of researchers is on the concept of “reliability”, which is discussed in relation to the assessment of crime risks, security means and the legality of actions of control agents. The basic provisions and conclusions in the article are supported by statistical data and the results of various studies.

Borders as penal transplants: Control of territory, mobility and illegality in West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062199545
Author(s):  
Eva Magdalena Stambøl
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Political Technology ◽  
Geographical Scope

This article explores an increasingly significant trend in crime and mobility control that has received scant criminological attention: border externalization, specifically scrutinizing land border security-building by international actors in West Africa. Going beyond the usual focus on migration in border studies, it develops a criminologically grounded theorization of the border as a political technology of crime control and its relationship to the state. This is done by arguing that borders, theorized as ‘penal transplants’ embodying specific (western) visions of state, political power, social control/order and territoriality, are transformed and often distorted when performed in ‘heterarchical’ contexts in the global South. Further, empirically based concepts from ‘the periphery’ are suggested to enrich border criminology, broadening its geographical scope and spatial awareness.

Problematic aspects of the use of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Максим Владимирович Кремлев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Автор, основываясь на ранее проведенных исследованиях, определяет место и роль пенитенциарной информации в процессе раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Указывается, что пенитенциарная информация превращается в процессуальную и, соответственно, в доказательственную посредством поэтапного прохождения через комплекс действий, облеченных в формы пенитенциарного, оперативно-розыскного и процессуального законодательства. Устанавливаются наиболее уязвимые места с точки зрения содержательного наполнения и процессуального оформления получаемых в рамках режимной деятельности сведений. Таковыми выступают места «сочленения» видов деятельности. Основой для подобного рода высказывания выступает разница в нормативном регулировании, в сменяемости и целеполагании исполнителей, а также их представлении о критериях успешности выполненной работы. В качестве подтверждения выдвинутого тезиса приводится пример из правоохранительной практики использования пенитенциарной информации в процессе доказывания, имеющий негативные последствия. Предлагаются направления совершенствования получения пенитенциарной информации с целью усиления ее доказательственного потенциала. In this article, the author, based on previous research determines the place and role of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is specified that penitentiary information turns into procedural and, accordingly, into proofs by means of step-by-step passing through a complex of actions exposed in forms of the penitentiary, operational-search and procedural legislation. The most vulnerable places from the point of view of substantial filling and procedural registration of the data received within regime activity are established. These are the places of “articulation” of activities. It is concluded that the basis for this kind of statement is the difference in regulatory regulation, in the turnover and goal-setting of performers, as well as their representation of the criteria for the success of the work performed. As a confirmation of the proposed thesis, an example from the law enforcement practice of using penitentiary information in the process of proving having negative consequences is given. Directions of improvement of receiving penitentiary information for the purpose of strengthening of its evidentiary potential are offered.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN CONFLICT CONDITIONS: EVOLUTION FROM KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY TO UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Terepyshchyi ◽  
Glib Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Higher Education Development ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
General Terms

Peacebuilding in society is impossible without generating and implementing an effective higher education development strategy. Education representing the ideological and value principles of humanism, democracy, tolerance, dialogue is a powerful tool in the consolidation of a conflict society, its gradual transformation into a society of understanding. In this regard, the role of the teacher in peacebuilding cannot be overestimated. Unfortunately, most politicians prefer to finance short-term projects where certain material benefit can be obtained in a minimum period of time. This is probably one of the major strategic mistakes that can cause extremely negative consequences. In general terms, peace can be compared with a kind of humanitarian deposit that is long-term oriented. Its main dividend is the stable development of a society in which the confidence of individual citizens in each other acts as a metaphorical interest rate. That is, the greater the social trust within society, the greater the likelihood that war will not affect the territorial integrity of a particular state. The level of trust implies the support of state institutions of power from the side of ordinary citizens, as well as interpersonal trust in matters of religion, ethnic and valuebased differences. Universities should increase the level of trust within society, thus advocating as a means of conflict prevention acording to optimistic scenario or social rehabilitation acording to pesimictic scenario. However, public investment in its development should be steadily increased beside grant financial infusions.

scholarly journals آليات تشكيل الوعي في ضوء السنة النبوية

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Batal Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Temporal Consciousness ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
Prophetic Tradition ◽  
The Difference

تمثِّل قضية الوعي إحدى أبرز مفردات البناء العقلي للمنهج النبوي؛ ذلك لأنها قضية تحوي كنه الوجود الإنساني، وترسم خارطة لامتدادات هذا الوجود. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن سبل تشكيل وعي الإنسان بأنماطه المختلفة ذاتًا وزمانًا ومكانًا ومعرفة ولغة من خلال السنة النبوية، ليكون ذلك برهانًا من براهين احتواء الرسالة الخاتمة على مرتكزات الرشاد الإنساني. وقد استعملت في هذا البحث منهجين، وهما: المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج التحليلي، أما المنهج الاستقرائي فتتبعت من خلاله مواطن الاستدلال من السنة النبوية على موضوع البحث، وأما المنهج التحليلي  فقمت من خلاله بتحليل هذه الأحاديث لاستخراج النتائج منها.وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنه كانت للسنة النبوية أساليبها المتنوعة في تشكيل الوعي الذاتي للإنسان من خلال تشكيل وعيه بأصل خِلْقته، وغاية خلقته، وحدود طاقته، وأن السة لنبوية أصَّلت للوعي الزماني من خلال الربط بين الزمن وبين الحركة الإنسانية، والربط بينه وبين التكاليف الشرعية، وبيان الأثر الإيجابي المترتب على استغلال الزمن والسلبي المترتب على الغفلة عنه. كما أبانت كيف أن السنة النبوية قد شكَّلت وعيًا مكانيًّا تُفَرِّقُ العقلية الإسلامية من خلاله بين إطار مكاني وآخر، وكان من دوائر هذا الوعي الربط بين المكان والحدث، والتنبيه على اختلاف الإطار الثقافي والاجتماعي لكل موطن من المواطن.كما أظهرت كيف أن السنة النبوية كوَّنت وعيًا لغويا من خلال الوعي بالمضامين الحضارية لمفردات اللغة، والتنبيه إلى المناط الاستعمالي، والأثر النفسي للغة. Awareness is one of the most fundamental elements of the rational construction in the prophetic scheme, as it expresses the essence of the purpose of human existence on the planet earth and shapes it future extension. This research aims to underline ways of the formation all kinds of human awareness in the perspective of the Sunnah and it will then focus on presenting how this would be a proof of the evidence that the God’s final message contains the basics of human guidance. A mix of deductive and analytical method was used to trace the points of inference from the Prophetic sunnah on the topic and several hadiths were quoted and analysed for the result extractions. The research resulted in the conclusion that the prophetic Sunnah had various methods of forming the self-awareness of the human being. The Prophet enlightened that if human being reflecting the origin of his creation, the purpose of his creation, and the limits of his energy, the awareness consequently be formed. Furthermore, the prophetic tradition was rooted in temporal consciousness by linking time and human movement. The link between temporal consciousness with the shariah obligation explains the positive impact of the time exploitation and the negative consequences of neglecting those obligations. On the other, the prophetic tradition also illuminates the formation of special awareness in which the Islamic mentality differentiated between the framework of one place and another. Among the circle of this awareness was the link between place and event, and alerting the difference of cultural and social context for each people. Finally, this study also shared how the prophetic sunnah formed a linguistic awareness through the cultural implications of the language, the alertness or cognition of the person to the areas of its function, and the psychological impact of language.

scholarly journals The effect of organizational member's allocentrism-idiocentrism on the emotion expression and favoritism

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-722
Author(s):  
YoungSik Kim ◽  
YongWon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Emotion Type ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

In this article, three studies were performed to investigate the differences of the tendency to regulate emotion expression in terms of the organizational member's cultural dispositions. Study 1 four hypothsises. First, allocentrics will have a higher level of emotion suppression than that of idiocentrics. Second, allocentrics will have a higher level of negative attitude towords emotion expressions than idiocentrices. third, the relation between allocentrics and emotion suppression will mediated by negative attitude to emotional expression. finally, allocentircs will be negatively evaluated than idiocentrics who shows emotional expression freely. For this study, data was collected from 196 employees by survey questionnaires. In study 1, it was found that allocentrics have a higher level of emotional suppression and negative attitude towards emotional expression than idiocentirics. The relation between allocentrics and emotional expression were mediated by negative attitude to emotional expression. But hypothesis 4 was not supported. In study 2, we experimented by including positive and negative conditions to examine the difference of emotional regulations between allocentrics and idiocentrics. The results show that allocentrics and idiocentrics do not differ in positive condition. However, in negative condition, allocentrics are more emotionally suppressed than that of idocentrics. Study 3 shows that by applying emotion type we were able to evaluate the fourth hypothesis of the first study. In socially engaged conditions, allocentrics were more favorable than idiocentrics. In socially disengaged conditions shows that allocentrics favored anger suppressing individuals over idiocentrics. Finally, implications and limitations of these results were discussed.

7. How do we control crime?

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Tim Newburn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Recent Trends

‘How do we control crime?’ discusses the formal and less formal means thought to control crime. The formal means refer to the use of the criminal justice system: the police, courts, and prison system. Arising from what we know to be the limitations of organized criminal justice in relation to crime control, the less formal means to control crime are considered as the processes of socialization, whereby social norms and values are learned, reinforced by what is often referred to as informal social control. Recent trends in the use of punishment, from incarceration in prisons to the use of non-custodial, community-based penalties are also discussed.

scholarly journals Dream Generation and Recall in Daytime NREM Sleep of Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cipolli ◽  
Fabio Pizza ◽  
Claudia Bellucci ◽  
Michela Mazzetti ◽  
Giovanni Tuozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

The less rigid architecture of sleep in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) compared with healthy subjects may provide new insights into some unresolved issues of dream experience (DE), under the assumption that their DE frequencies are comparable. The multiple transition from wakefulness to REM sleep (sleep onset REM period: SOREMP) during the five trials of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) appears of particular interest. In MSLT studies, NT1 patients reported a DE after about 80% of SOREMP naps (as often as after nighttime REM sleep of themselves and healthy subjects), but only after about 30% of NREM naps compared to 60% of daytime and nighttime NREM sleep of healthy subjects. To estimate accurately the “real” DE frequency, we asked participants to report DE (“dream”) after each MSLT nap and, in case of failure, to specify if they were unable to retrieve any content (“white dream”) or DE did not occur (“no-dream”). The proportions of dreams, white dreams, and no dreams and the indicators of structural organization of DEs reported after NREM naps by 17 adult NT1 patients were compared with those reported by 25 subjects with subjective complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness (sc-EDS), who take multiple daytime NREM naps. Findings were consistent with the hypothesis of a failure in recall after awakening rather than in generation during sleep: white dreams were more frequent in NT1 patients than in sc-EDS subjects (42.86 vs 17.64%), while their frequency of dreams plus white dreams were similar (67.86 and 61.78%) and comparable with that of NREM-DEs in healthy subjects. The longer and more complex NREM-DEs of NT1 patients compared with sc-EDS subjects suggest that the difficulty in DE reporting depends on their negative attitude toward recall of contents less vivid and bizarre than those they usually retrieve after daytime SOREMP and nighttime REM sleep. As this attitude may be reversed by some recall training before MSLT, collecting wider amounts of DE reports after NREM naps would cast light on both the across-stage continuity in the functioning of cognitive processes underlying DE and the difference in content and structural organization of SOREM-DEs preceded by N1 or also N2 sleep.

Guardianship and Informal Social Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This article provides a critical overview of the concepts of guardianship and informal social control. The discussion compares these fundamental criminological concepts and highlights areas where there is overlap, as well as key points of departure. The relationship between these concepts is scrutinized to illustrate their distinct origins as well as the distinctive ways each of these concepts have developed within the criminological literature. This article focuses on informal social control as a multi-level community process, and on guardianship as a multi-dimensional situational concept comprising, in its most fundamental form, the presence or availability of guardians, inadvertent and/or purposive supervision and direct or indirect intervention. In doing so it showcases the dimensions of guardianship which bear close resemblance to aspects of informal social control, while simultaneously emphasizing that there are important distinctions to consider when comparing some of these dimensions and the levels at which they operate. One core distinction is that informal social control is dependent on neighborhood social ties and collectively shared expectations. On the other hand, while guardianship can be strengthened by social ties at the street-block or neighborhood level, it does not necessarily require such ties to function effectively at the microlevel. Although these concepts do coincide the discussion stresses that theoretical and empirical clarification about what makes them distinct is important. In conclusion, this article shows how each concept makes a unique contribution to criminological understanding about the role of informal citizens in crime control at places.

scholarly journals Critical Perspective of Animal Production Specialists on Cell-Based Meat in Brazil: From Bottleneck to Best Scenarios

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Marina S. Heidemann ◽  
Cesar A. Taconeli ◽  
Germano G. Reis ◽  
Giuliana Parisi ◽  
Carla F. M. Molento
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Novel Technology

Recently, many studies regarding consumer perception of cell-based meat have been published. However, the opinion of the professionals involved in animal production also seems relevant. In particular, veterinarians and animal scientists may be important players in the new cell-based meat production, acting as proponents or barriers to this major improvement for farm animal welfare. Therefore, our aim is to analyse the knowledge and perspective of Brazilian veterinarians and animal scientists regarding cell-based meat. Veterinarians (76.8%; 209/272) and animal scientists (23.2%; 63/272) responded to an online survey. Logistic regression, latent class and logit models were used to evaluate objective answers, and the Discourse of the Collective Subject method was used to interpret open-ended answers. Specialists who were women (62.5%; 170/272), veterinarians (76.8%; 209/272), vegetarians (7.0%; 19/272) and vegans (1.1%; 3/272) were more supportive of cell-based meat. Lack of knowledge and the connection with artificiality, the most frequent spontaneous word associated with cell-based meat by all respondents, were the main negative points highlighted. Thus, it seems fundamental to offer higher education to veterinarians and animal scientists regarding cell-based meat, since engaging them with this novel technology may mitigate both the resistance and its negative consequences for the professionals, society, the animals involved and the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document