scholarly journals Strategies to mitigate the risk from COVID-19 in ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Poostchi ◽  
Joanna K. Dereń
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Second Wave

Many countries, including Poland, are currently dealing with a second wave of COVID-19 infections. There is a pressing need to adapt to the new reality and develop new ways of working in order to deliver essential services safely. In the medical sector, there is a special need to deliver uninterrupted high quality care while minimising the risk of disease transmission. In this article, we summarise the evidence on the transmission dynamics and ophthalmic features of COVID-19 and suggest a hierarchical approach to infection control, in order to help practitioners understand and mitigate the risks they face each day.

Helping nurses to provide optimum care in the second wave of the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 1292-1293
Author(s):  
Alan Glasper
Keyword(s):  
Quality Care ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Care ◽  
The University ◽  
Second Wave

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a King's Fund review that investigates how workplace transformations can enhance the delivery of compassionate and high-quality care

scholarly journals Seminal fluid of honeybees contains multiple mechanisms to combat infections of the sexually transmitted pathogen Nosema apis

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20151785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Peng ◽  
Julia Grassl ◽  
A. Harvey Millar ◽  
Boris Baer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Defence Proteins

The societies of ants, bees and wasps are genetically closed systems where queens only mate during a brief mating episode prior to their eusocial life and males therefore provide queens with a lifetime supply of high-quality sperm. These ejaculates also contain a number of defence proteins that have been detected in the seminal fluid but their function and efficiency have never been investigated in great detail. Here, we used the honeybee Apis mellifera and quantified whether seminal fluid is able to combat infections of the fungal pathogen Nosema apis , a widespread honeybee parasite that is also sexually transmitted. We provide the first empirical evidence that seminal fluid has a remarkable antimicrobial activity against N. apis spores and that antimicrobial seminal fluid components kill spores in multiple ways. The protein fraction of seminal fluid induces extracellular spore germination, which disrupts the life cycle of N. apis , whereas the non-protein fraction of seminal fluid induces a direct viability loss of intact spores. We conclude that males provide their ejaculates with efficient antimicrobial molecules that are able to kill N. apis spores and thereby reduce the risk of disease transmission during mating. Our findings could be of broader significance to master honeybee diseases in managed honeybee stock in the future.

scholarly journals Application of Mathematical Modeling in Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali AlArjani ◽  
Md Taufiq Nasseef ◽  
Sanaa M. Kamal ◽  
B. V. Subba Rao ◽  
Mufti Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractThe entire world has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 since early 2020. Human carriers are largely the spreaders of this new disease, and it spreads much faster compared to previously identified coronaviruses and other flu viruses. Although vaccines have been invented and released, it will still be a challenge to overcome this disease. To save lives, it is important to better understand how the virus is transmitted from one host to another and how future areas of infection can be predicted. Recently, the second wave of infection has hit multiple countries, and governments have implemented necessary measures to tackle the spread of the virus. We investigated the three phases of COVID-19 research through a selected list of mathematical modeling articles. To take the necessary measures, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, and mathematical modeling has been considered a proven technique in predicting such dynamics. To this end, this paper summarizes all the available mathematical models that have been used in predicting the transmission of COVID-19. A total of nine mathematical models have been thoroughly reviewed and characterized in this work, so as to understand the intrinsic properties of each model in predicting disease transmission dynamics. The application of these nine models in predicting COVID-19 transmission dynamics is presented with a case study, along with detailed comparisons of these models. Toward the end of the paper, key behavioral properties of each model, relevant challenges and future directions are discussed.

Simulating disease transmission dynamics at a multi-scale level

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe B Hoshen ◽  
Anthony H Burton ◽  
Themis J V Bowcock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals Mask-Ematics: Modeling the Effects of Masks in COVID-19 Transmission in High-Risk Environments

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Anthony Morciglio ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Gerardo Chowell ◽  
James M. Hyman ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Epidemic Size

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on public health and strained the worldwide economy. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has been predominantly driven by aerosol transmission, and scientific research supports the use of face masks to reduce transmission. However, a systematic and quantitative understanding of how face masks reduce disease transmission is still lacking. We used epidemic data from the Diamond Princess cruise ship to calibrate a transmission model in a high-risk setting and derive the reproductive number for the model. We explain how the terms in the reproductive number reflect the contributions of the different infectious states to the spread of the infection. We used that model to compare the infection spread within a homogeneously mixed population for different types of masks, the timing of mask policy, and compliance of wearing masks. Our results suggest substantial reductions in epidemic size and mortality rate provided by at least 75% of people wearing masks (robust for different mask types). We also evaluated the timing of the mask implementation. We illustrate how ample compliance with moderate-quality masks at the start of an epidemic attained similar mortality reductions to less compliance and the use of high-quality masks after the epidemic took off. We observed that a critical mass of 84% of the population wearing masks can completely stop the spread of the disease. These results highlight the significance of a large fraction of the population needing to wear face masks to effectively reduce the spread of the epidemic. The simulations show that early implementation of mask policy using moderate-quality masks is more effective than a later implementation with high-quality masks. These findings may inform public health mask-use policies for an infectious respiratory disease outbreak (such as one of COVID-19) in high-risk settings.

scholarly journals Livestock movement informs the risk of disease spread in traditional production systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractIn Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact between herds was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, transmission risk is relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of the spatiotemporal definitions of contacts that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

Achieving High Quality Care

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Care ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Care

Process and outcomes in general practice consultations: Problems in defining high quality care

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen R. Winefield ◽  
Timothy G. Murrell ◽  
Julie Clifford
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Care

scholarly journals Influencing factors for high quality care on postpartum haemorrhage in the Netherlands: patient and professional perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory D. Woiski ◽  
Evelien Belfroid ◽  
Janine Liefers ◽  
Richard P. Grol ◽  
Hubertina C. Scheepers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Care ◽  
Professional Perspectives

Teledermatology Can Produce High-Quality Care at Low Cost

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng Chen ◽  
Stephen Shumack ◽  
Richard Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Care
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