scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE TESTING USING CONTOUR® PLUS GLUCOMETER

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Venny Beauty ◽  
Ninik Sukartini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Clinical Accuracy ◽  
Error Grid

The use of glucometers has been widely recommended to help patients in controlling their blood glucose level. This study compared the blood glucose level measured by Contour® Plus glucometer and Cobas c501 chemistry analyzer, as the reference method. The study design was cross-sectional and conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in April 2017. Study materials were 120 capillary blood examined by Contour® Plus glucometer and plasma analyzed by Cobas c501 chemistry analyzer. Precision, correlation, accuracy, and clinical accuracy tests were performed based on ISO 15197:2013, using Parkes error grid analysis. Contour® Plus glucometer yielded a CV of 1.56-2.2%, following the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association, of <5%, there was a strong positive correlation between the glucose level of capillary blood and plasma (r=0.997). Accuracy test based on ISO 15197:2013 showed that 100% of capillary blood glucose deviations were within the ±15 mg/dL range for glucose level <100 mg/dL and ±15% range for glucose level ≥100 mg/dL. Clinical accuracy test with Parkes error grid showed 100% of results were in zone A. Contour® Plus glucometer test results met the ISO 15197:2013 criteria, so the results were proportional to the reference method’s results and clinically acceptable. Contour® Plus glucometer is safe to be used in blood glucose monitoring, as long as careful attention is given to the device specifications.

scholarly journals Comparison between the QRMA Measurement with the Anamnesis and the Capillary Blood Glucose Test

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Muflih Muflih ◽  
Suwarsi Suwarsi ◽  
Fajarina Lathu Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Test

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The examination of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be done by reviewing their complaints and through a capillary blood glucose level test to determine the value of their Random Blood Glucose Level. QRMA (Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer) is claimed to be able to check the patient’s bodily condition (including blood glucose) with an accuracy of 85%. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the QRMA tool and its accuracy by comparing the results of the anamnesis and the examination conducted using the capillary blood glucose test method.Methods: The research method used was a cross-sectional design. The total sample consisted of 44 respondents in the working area of the Community Health Centers in Yogyakarta with the risk factor being blood sugar level instability. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The main variable in this study was the value of the blood sugar level measured based on the coefficient value of the QRMA tool and the value of Random Blood Glucose obtained through the capillary blood glucose test.Results: The blood glucose value was not correlated significantly with the coefficient value of QRMA. The value of blood glucose when examined alongside the result of the respondent's anamnesis showed there to be a significant difference. The value of the QRMA coefficient when examined against the results from the history of the respondents showed no significant difference. Linear regression showed that the variables of height, body weight, and IMT had a correlation with the QRMA coefficient value.Conclusion: The QRMA tool was not able to provide a picture of the actual condition of the blood glucose level of the respondents when compared with the results of the anamnesis and the blood glucose value from the capillary blood glucose test. Non-invasive health measurement devices such as QRMA are not used by nurses as a standard for determining the health status of DM patients.

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Blood as a Potential Screening Tool: A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7356
Author(s):  
Biagio Rapone ◽  
Elisabetta Ferrara ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Skender Topi ◽  
Ilaria Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Finger Stick

Background: Diabetes is known to be one of the major global epidemic diseases, significantly associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide, conferring a substantial burden to the health care system. The epidemiological transition of this chronic disease tends to worsen unless preventive health strategies are implemented. Appropriate screening devices and standardized methods are crucial to prevent this potentially inauspicious life condition. Currently, the glucometer is the conventional device employed for blood glucose level determination that outputs the blood glucose reading. Glucometer performed in the dental office may be an important device in screening diabetes, so it can be addressed during a periodontal examination. Because gingival blood is a useful source to detect the glucose level, the focus is placed on the opportunity that might provide valuable diagnostic information. This study aimed to compare gingival crevicular blood with finger-stick blood glucose measurements using a self-monitoring glucometer, to evaluate whether gingival crevicular blood could be an alternative to allow accurate chairside glucose testing. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was performed among a 31–67-year-old population. Seventy participants with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and seventy healthy subjects, all with positive bleeding on probing, were enrolled. The gingival crevicular blood was collected using a glucometer to estimate the blood glucose level and compared with finger-stick blood glucose level. Results: The mean capillary blood glucose and gingival crevicular blood levels from all samples were, respectively, 160.42 ± 31.31 mg/dL and 161.64 ± 31.56 mg/dL for diabetic participants and 93.51 ± 10.35 mg/dL and 94.47 ± 9.91 mg/dL for healthy patients. In both groups, the difference between gingival crevicular blood and capillary blood glucose levels was non-significant (P < 0.05). The highly significant correlation between capillary blood glucose and gingival crevicular blood (r = 0.9834 for diabetic patients and r = 0.8153 for healthy participants) in both the groups was found. Conclusions: Gingival crevicular blood test was demonstrated as a feasible and useful primary screening tool test for detecting diabetes and for glucose estimation in non-diabetic patients. Use of gingival crevicular blood for screening is an attractive way of identifying a reasonable option of finger-stick blood glucose measurement under the appropriate circumstances. Rapid assessment may precede diagnostic evaluation in diabetic as well as healthy patients with acute severe bleeding. In addition, gingival crevicular blood levels may be needed to monitor the diabetic output.

Design of Automatic Insulin Dosage Indicator for Diabetic Patients Using BMI

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
Saravanakumar S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and chronic health disease. It occurs in all age group of people, especially in adults and aged persons. It is important to measure blood glucose level frequently for the diabetes affected persons which in need to determine the appropriate insulin dosage. Along with this, the continuous glucose monitoring is vital to know whether the glucose level is in normal range. The conventional method used to measure the glucose level in blood is invasive which is infectious and a painful process. Nowadays, the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods are widely used. In this work, the blood glucose level is measured non-invasively using IR sensor. Besides that, the indication of insulin dosage to be taken is done by determining blood glucose concentration (non- invasively) and comparing it with Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patient. The implementation is based on the variations in the intensity of the IR LED, BMI and blood density. Themethod ismore reliable than the invasive techniques.

scholarly journals Development of noninvasive procedure for monitoring blood glucose level using gingival crevicular bleeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Nitul Jain ◽  
Rakesh Garg ◽  
Gaurav Atreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anterior Teeth

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults. It is usually necessary to provide a sample of capillary blood to measure blood glucose level in diabetics. However, it is possible to obtain blood during periodontal probing without any discomfort. The aim of the study was to evaluate accessibility of chair side noninvasive screening method for blood glucose level in DM during routine periodontal examination. Material and Methods. 15 non diabetics and 15 newly onset type 2 diabetic patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected for the study after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal pocket probing was performed using Williams Graduated periodontal probe. Blood oozing from gingival sulcus of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing was collected with a stick of glucose self monitoring device. As control, finger stick capillary blood was taken. Results. Statistically significant correlation was observed between the blood glucose level in gingival crevicular blood (GCB) and peripheral fasting blood (PFB) in diabetic subjects. The mean GCB glucose level in diabetic subjects was 172.27?5.02 mg/dL while mean PFB glucose level was 167.80?8.87 mg/dL. The correlation coefficients for diabetic and non diabetic subjects were r=0.715 and r=0.619, respectively. Conclusion The results suggested that blood oozing during routine periodontal examination may be used for DM screening in dental office without the need for any extra procedure.

Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Non-Invasive Device to Detect Overnight Hypoglycemia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lesko ◽  
Stephen Seibert ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Invasive Device ◽  
The Individual

Research in the field of blood glucose monitoring systems has led to incredible advancements over the past several decades. The blood glucose level of a diabetic patient is vital to monitor since large swings in blood sugar can cause life threatening damage to the individual. The importance of blood glucose monitoring increases when a patient experiences hypoglycemia, which can be very dangerous. The objective of this project is to create a low cost portable device that utilizes the modular bio-signal sensor kit BITalino and Arduino Uno microcontroller to measure and process the electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals that can be associated with a drop in the subject’s blood glucose level to detect hypoglycemia in diabetics.

PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC REGRESSION APPROACHES FOR NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050043
Author(s):  
Keshava N. Acharya ◽  
M. G. Yashwanth Gowda ◽  
M. Vijay ◽  
S. Deepthi ◽  
S. Malathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Parametric

Blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMSs) play a crucial role in health care applications. Invasive measurements are more accurate while non-invasive BGMS encourage self monitoring and reduce the cost of health care. Though multiple sensor data acquisition and suitable processing improve accuracy, self-monitoring becomes difficult in such non-invasive systems due to multiple signal acquisition. This paper investigates a non-invasive BGMS prototype that renders accurate measurements by statistically processing a single sensor data. The developed prototype is based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which provides an electronic voltage that gets mapped to corresponding blood glucose level. This mapping is proposed using two different statistical regression approaches, parametric Bayesian Regression (BR) approach and the non-parametric Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) approach. Dataset is acquired from 33 subjects who visited Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, India. On each subject, voltage from the BGMS prototype and corresponding invasively obtained blood glucose level have been recorded. The BR and GPR approaches are trained with 75% of the data while the remaining 25% is used for testing. Test results show that BR approach renders root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.7[Formula: see text]mg/dL, while the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is around 2.5. The GPR with different radial basis function kernels revealed that a multiquadric kernel provides a lowest RMSE of 3.28[Formula: see text]mg/dL and lowest MAPE of 2.2, thus outperforming the parametric BR approach. Investigations also show that for a training data of less than 15 entries, BR renders better accuracy than the GPR approach.

INTRAOPERATIVE GLUCOSE LEVELIN NON-DIABETIC PATIENT UNDERGOING ELECTIVE MAJOR SURGERY UNDER GENERALANAESTHESIA RECEIVING DIFFERENT CRYSTALLOID SOLUTIONS AS MAINTENANCE FLUID (A COMPARISON BETWEEN NS AND RL)

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Saunak Nath ◽  
Niladri Sekhar Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Avinab Das
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dence Interval ◽  
The Mean

INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of different maintenance uid regimen on intraoperative blood glucose levels in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective major surgery under general anesthesia. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to observe the effect of different maintenance uids in intraoperative blood glucose levels of non-diabetic patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh for a period of one year. Hospital based observational study. Patients undergoing elective major surgeries at operation theatres of Department of General Surgery of Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh. One (1) year from July 2015 to June 2016. RESULT: The mean difference of capillary blood glucose level between baseline and 1.5 hours after intubation for those procedures lasted that long in Group N was 22.87 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 103.83-108.61 while in Group R it was 26.82 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 108.41-111.59. The mean difference of capillary blood glucose level between baseline and 2 hours after intubation for those procedures lasted that long in Group N was 34.14 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 117.29–117.71 while in Group R it was 34.07 with a 95% condence interval of 116.38–118.12. CONCLUSION: This study we can come to a conclusion that though there is a rising trend in change in intraoperative capillary blood glucose level in both the solutions used perioperatively, yet the mean change in intraoperative capillary blood glucose level in non-diabetic patients undergoing major surgeries under general anaesthesia receiving either 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringer's lactate solutions as maintenance uid perioperatively, is comparable, yet needs larger groups of study

scholarly journals Evidence From a Long-Term, Systematic Post-Market Surveillance Program: Clinical Performance of a Hematocrit-Insensitive Blood Glucose Test Strip

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Steven Setford ◽  
Stuart Phillips ◽  
Mike Grady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Clinical Accuracy

Background: Described is a manufacturer’s systematic post-market evaluation of the long-term clinical accuracy of a commercially available blood glucose monitoring (BGM) test strip product. Methods: Production batches of test strips were routinely and regularly sampled and evaluated in a clinical setting to assess product accuracy. Evaluations were performed on capillary blood samples from a minimum of 100 subjects with diabetes, by clinical staff according to instructions for use. Readings were compared against capillary blood samples collected at the same time and measured by a standard laboratory reference method. Clinical accuracy was calculated according to EN ISO 15197:2015. Results: A total of 21 115 paired results were obtained, equating to 209 production batches over the >3-year period since test strip launch. Of the results, 97.6% met the accuracy criterion (range: 97.1-98.1% by year), with 98.1% of values presenting zero risk as defined by the surveillance error grid. At the <5th (21.0-33.8%) and >95th (48.3-59.4%) percentile extremes of hematocrit distribution, 97.9% and 96.4% of values were clinically accurate. The product also demonstrated clinical accuracy across all seven glucose ranges (“bins”) as defined by the standard. Under conditions of combined hematocrit and glucose (<80 mg/dL and ≥300 mg/dL) extremes, 97.7% of values were clinically accurate. Conclusions: Methodologies and results from a manufacturer’s self-imposed clinical accuracy surveillance program of a BGM product is presented. Given the publication of sometimes-conflicting data presented within ad hoc BGM clinical accuracy evaluations, usually of limited size, it is advocated that BGM manufacturers adopt similarly robust and systematic surveillance programs to safeguard patients.

scholarly journals Detection of Blood Glucose Level in Humans using Non-Invasive Method-RL BGM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Blood sugar in the body is called glucose and it is important that the amount of sugar in the blood is fairly maintained. The body has sugar and blood that is used to store energy in the body. Low or high blood sugar is dangerous to life if it is not treated. The fasting blood glucose level in the morning ranges between 70 mg/dL to 110 mg/dL, after the meal the blood glucose should be less than 140 mg/dL. This paper proposes a method that is best suited to detect blood glucose in the human body and avoid serious health issues by sending a message instantly to the respective number of the patient. Currently, in market Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) techniques are vigorous and painful as the blood sample is pricked from the finger that leads to the risk of infection, the strips that were being used were also costly. The solution to this problem statement is a design of non-invasive smart equipment for observing the blood glucose level. One non-invasive method is Red Laser (RL) BGM technique, that is very superior to the other invasive method and non-invasive techniques. Here the refractive index of the laser light is analyzed to determine the blood glucose level. Several tests and experimental results are generated to prove the proposed method is highly accurate.

scholarly journals Psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection among diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Rian Adi Pamungkas ◽  
Kanittha Chamroonsawasdi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Blood Glucose Testing

AbstractObjectiveThis review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose (CBG) testing and insulin injection, as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.MethodsDatabases, including PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to extract the relevant articles. Initially, the terms used to retrieve related studies were “fear of blood glucose monitoring”, “anxiety capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection”, “psychological problems on blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection”, “diabetes management”, and “diabetes mellitus”.ResultsResults showed that the psychological problems related to CBG testing and insulin injection were associated with the stress and depression experienced during diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose. This psychological issue has its impacts such as nonadherence to medication as well as a lack of self-discipline in terms of CBG testing and insulin injection. Inadequate information, inappropriate perception, and pain/discomfort during pricking of fingers were the main reasons for the psychological issues in CBG testing and self-injection of insulin.ConclusionsThe expected benefits of this review include the explanation of the issues related to the psychological problems in CBG testing and insulin injection among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review article also provides the recommendations on providing counseling and empowering the patients on CBG monitoring and insulin injection. Moreover, family members should provide psychological support to reduce fear, anxiety, and distress arising from CBG testing and insulin injection.

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