scholarly journals Ensuring effective governance of Public-Private Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira ◽  
Ludger Schuknecht
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The Right

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can be an effective way of delivering infrastructure. However, achieving value for money can be difficult if government agencies are not equipped to manage them effectively. Experience from OECD countries shows that the availability of finance is not the main obstacle in delivering infrastructure. Governance—effective decision-making—is the most influential aspect on the quality of an investment, including PPP investments. In 2012, the OECD together with its member countries developed principles to ensure that PPPs deliver value for money transparently and prudently, supported by the right institutional capacities and processes to harness the upside of PPPs without jeopardizing fiscal sustainability. Survey results from OECD countries show that some dimensions of the recommended practices are well applied and past and ongoing reforms show progress. However, other principles have not been well implemented, reflecting the continuing need for improving public governance of PPPs across countries.

Why do we want the right to die? A systematic review of the international literature on the views of patients, carers and the public on assisted dying

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Hendry ◽  
Diana Pasterfield ◽  
Ruth Lewis ◽  
Ben Carter ◽  
Daniel Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Unbearable Suffering ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Feature Professional ◽  
The Right

Background: Assisted dying is legal in four European countries and three American states. Elsewhere, particularly in more affluent or mainly Protestant countries, it remains controversial. Dominant headlines feature professional (medical, legal, religious) arguments versus celebrity campaigners; ordinary people are less clearly represented. Aim: To synthesise the international evidence of people’s views and attitudes towards assisted dying in order to inform current debate about this controversial issue. Design: Systematic review and mixed method synthesis of qualitative and survey data Data sources: Eleven electronic databases from inception to October 2011; bibliographies of included studies Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened papers and appraised quality. Qualitative results were extracted verbatim; survey results were summarised in a table. Qualitative data were synthesised using framework methods and survey results integrated where they supported, contrasted or added to the themes identified. Results: Sixteen qualitative studies and 94 surveys were included; many participants considered the immediate relevance of assisted dying for them. Themes related to poor quality of life, a good quality of death, potential abuse of assisted dying and the importance of individual stance. People valued autonomy in death as much as in life. Attitudes were diverse, complex and related to definitions of unbearable suffering including physical, psycho-social and existential factors and were consistent regardless of social, economic, legal and health-care contexts. Conclusion: Our review sheds light on ordinary people’s perspectives about assisted dying, when they are ill or disabled. Unbearable suffering is a key construct, and common factors are revealed that lead people to ask for help to die. The consistency of international views indicates a mandate for legislative and medical systems worldwide to listen and understand this.

scholarly journals Geography Teacher as an Effective Classroom Manager

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Bethel T Ababio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Instructional Goals ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Lesson Evaluation ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Teaching Learning

The Geography Teacher in the classroom setting is confronted on a daily basis with situations which require effective decision-making. By and large, the quality of the decision s/he makes daily determines the attainment of her/his instructional goals. But unfortunately, some teachers are unable to attain their instructional goals due to their poor decision-making skills. This article is an attempt to educate teachers in general and geography teachers in particular on the decision-making skills that they have to demonstrate in the teaching learning process. The article deals with issues such as the functional roles of the Geography Teacher as regards lesson planning, lesson implementation and lesson evaluation. In performing these functions, the Geography Teacher will have to demonstrate her/his decision-making skills with regard to what to teach, when to teach, how to teach and how to evaluate.

scholarly journals Institutional design and utilisation of evaluation results in Uganda’s public universities: Empirical findings from Kyambogo University

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kabuye ◽  
Benon C. Basheka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The University

Background: The need for evidence-based decision-making scaled up the need for monitoring and evaluation systems in Africa. The education sector has received increasing scrutiny, owing to its centrality in promoting the national agenda of countries. The higher education sub-sector has expanded in its drive to increase accessibility, albeit with numerous challenges and doubts, especially about the quality of education. Numerous evaluations in this sub-sector in Uganda have been carried out, but their results have not been used for effective decision-making. In this regard, the non-utilisation trend of evaluation findings is attributable to the design of the institutions where these evaluations are carried out.Objectives: The study examined the relationship between institutional design (procedural rules, evaluation processes and institutional capacity) and utilisation of evaluation results at Kyambogo University.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey involving a sample of 118 respondents whose views were obtained through the use of questionnaires and key informant interviews triangulated with documentary analysis.Results: The study found that procedural rules, evaluation processes and evaluation capacity had a positive (0.459, 0.486 and 0.765, respectively) and a statistically significant (sig. = 0.000) effect on utilisation of evaluation results. This means that the dimensions of institutional design were important predictors of utilisation of evaluation results by a public sector agency.Conclusion: Strengthening of the evaluation competences and capacity of the university by empowering the Directorate of Planning and Development to coordinate and harmonise all evaluations and be charged with the follow-up of utilisation of the results is an emerging recommendation from this study.

SUSTAINABLE ASSESSMENT TOOL OF HISTORIC CENTERS: The Cases of Bath and Cambridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remah Y. Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

The rise in the interest of urban conservation over the past years has led to search for a more effective decision-making and appropriate assessment. Conservation of historic centers in England aims to achieve important goals with social benefits and increasingly the improving urban qualities. Despite this positive consciousness, some conservation initiatives do not deliver their goals at the right time while others do not maintain their success for longer periods. This striking phenomenon is often due to the lack of sustainable management. The aim of this study is to explore the concept of sustainable management with particular focus on the conservation of historic centers and to introduce an assessment tool to measure the degree of success in conserving historic centers. The study focuses on two English case studies: Bath and Cambridge City Centers; investigating their visions, policies and strategies with relevance to the feedback of local communities and responsible authorities. The study utilizes the assessment tool to clarify the crucial need for an effective management framework based on the relationships of the factors of ‘importance’ and ‘performance.’

scholarly journals Want a Better Criminal Justice Response to Rape? Improve Police Interviews With Complainants and Suspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1748-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina J. Westera ◽  
Mark R. Kebbell ◽  
Becky Milne
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Police Interviews ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice Response

Achieving just outcomes in rape cases is difficult, but there are ways we can improve the investigation and prosecution of these crimes, now. We outline how targeting variables, within control of the criminal justice system, can improve the quality of information police obtain from interviews with complainants and suspects. We explore how, by preserving these accounts on video, the criminal justice process can better use this information to improve effective decision making from investigation through to criminal trial through to prevention.

scholarly journals Public-Private Partnership Evaluation Models: Perspectives from the Public Governance to Defend the Public Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 57-83
Author(s):  
Nyalle Barboza Matos ◽  
Andréa de Oliveira Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
The Subject

The widespread use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has resulted in the identification of a number of issues related to lack of governance and inefficient assessments of the quality of service provided.  In this context, the objective of this research is to identify the characteristics and conditions used to implement governance mechanisms that ensure the public interest in existing PPP contracts.  Based on previous governance research, this study integratively categorized nine governance mechanisms based on the three principles established by the OECD (2012): Clear and Legitimate Institutional Framework; Rationale for proper VfM assessment and Transparent and Healthy Budget Process. The contribution of this research is to systematize the relevant literature on the subject, clarifying the complexity of these issues and offering new theoretical insights to identify the characteristics and conditions used as Value for Money governance and valuation mechanisms, capable of making a difference in the success and evaluation of PPPs in the public interest aspect.  

scholarly journals Youth exchange programs in the SCO countries and their integrative potential: Russia’s vantage point

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maximova ◽  
Daria Omelchenko ◽  
Oksana Noyanzina ◽  
Maksim Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Academic Programs ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Youth Organization ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Education Science

In today’s world international cooperation is the basis for sustained economic growth and development, allowing overcoming imbalances and improving the quality of life, renovating technologies and knowledge, achieving other goals of the millennium development. The importance of studying perspective of development of youth exchanges in countries members of the SCO is determined by its role in strengthening mutual trust and good neighbourly relations; development of the integration process in the fields of education, science and technologies; giving new impetus to enhancement of multilateral cooperation. The purpose of this article is to present the analysis of youth exchanges among Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan based on the results of sociological survey among participants of international exchange programs (n=449). It was found that young people are more interested in cultural programs and programs aimed at developing youth policy rather than educational and academic programs. Expectations and intentions of youth from the SCO countries are often linked to Russia, most respondents have plans to participate in youth exchanges in this country. The research led to findings about factors of development of youth exchanges within the SCO, that could be used for correction of strategies, choice of methods and forms of work, more effective decision-making in the field of youth policy, forecasts about potential of the development of the SCO youth organization.

scholarly journals Small-Group Interaction among Professional Librarians

1997 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Tower
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Libraries are using small groups to make decisions, and it is important that the decisions these groups make are effective. Small-group scholars argue that group processes and interactions play an important role and influence effective decision-making. Randy Y. Hirokawa developed a theory called Vigilant Interaction Theory which maintains that group interaction affects decision-making performance by directly shaping the quality of vigilance that leads to a final choice. Small groups consisting of professional librarians were used to test Hirokawa’s theory, and the results showed that group decision performance is directly related to the group’s efforts to perform critical vigilant decision-making functions. Specifically, groups that show a pattern generating more alternative solutions are more likely to develop effective decisions.

Heart sound classification using machine learning and phonocardiogram

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (26) ◽  
pp. 1950321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Arora ◽  
Rohan Leekha ◽  
Raman Singh ◽  
Inderveer Chana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sound ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Sound Classification ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Pcg Signals

This research pertains to classification of the heart sound using digital Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals targeted to screen for heart ailments. In this study, an existing variant of the decision tree, i.e. XgBoost has been used with unsegmented heart sound signal. The dataset provided by PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology (CinC) Challenge 2016 has been used to validate the technique proposed in this research work. The said dataset comprises six databases (A–F) having 3240 heart sound recordings in all with the duration lasting from 5–120 s. The approach proposed in this paper has been compared with 18 existing methodologies. The proposed method is accurate with the mean score of 92.9, while sensitivity and specificity scores are 94.5 and 91.3, respectively. The timely prediction of heart health will support specialists to attain useful risk stratification of patients and also assist clinicians in effective decision-making. These predictive facts may serve as a guide to provide improved quality of care to the patients by way of effective treatment planning and monitoring.

scholarly journals Executive Branch Self-Policing in Times of Crisis: The Challenges for Conscientious Legal Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Presidential Advisers

The essay considers the limits to executive branch capacity to provide reliable legal analysis in times of emergency, including covert military operations. It highlights the special risks government faces when the circle of presidential advisers narrows because of highly classified operations and there is less opportunity for senior advisors, including attorneys, to review pending initiatives. Executive unilateralism legitimates secrecy, and secrecy promotes effective decision making only in exceptional circumstances: subjecting an administration’s performance to public scrutiny will improve both the quality of the performance and public confidence in the executive branch.

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