Why do we want the right to die? A systematic review of the international literature on the views of patients, carers and the public on assisted dying

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Hendry ◽  
Diana Pasterfield ◽  
Ruth Lewis ◽  
Ben Carter ◽  
Daniel Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Unbearable Suffering ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Feature Professional ◽  
The Right

Background: Assisted dying is legal in four European countries and three American states. Elsewhere, particularly in more affluent or mainly Protestant countries, it remains controversial. Dominant headlines feature professional (medical, legal, religious) arguments versus celebrity campaigners; ordinary people are less clearly represented. Aim: To synthesise the international evidence of people’s views and attitudes towards assisted dying in order to inform current debate about this controversial issue. Design: Systematic review and mixed method synthesis of qualitative and survey data Data sources: Eleven electronic databases from inception to October 2011; bibliographies of included studies Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened papers and appraised quality. Qualitative results were extracted verbatim; survey results were summarised in a table. Qualitative data were synthesised using framework methods and survey results integrated where they supported, contrasted or added to the themes identified. Results: Sixteen qualitative studies and 94 surveys were included; many participants considered the immediate relevance of assisted dying for them. Themes related to poor quality of life, a good quality of death, potential abuse of assisted dying and the importance of individual stance. People valued autonomy in death as much as in life. Attitudes were diverse, complex and related to definitions of unbearable suffering including physical, psycho-social and existential factors and were consistent regardless of social, economic, legal and health-care contexts. Conclusion: Our review sheds light on ordinary people’s perspectives about assisted dying, when they are ill or disabled. Unbearable suffering is a key construct, and common factors are revealed that lead people to ask for help to die. The consistency of international views indicates a mandate for legislative and medical systems worldwide to listen and understand this.

Self-reported poor quality of sleep in solid organ transplant: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 100650
Author(s):  
Makayla Cordoza ◽  
Brittany Koons ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Brian J. Anderson ◽  
Joshua M. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Quality Of Sleep

The effectiveness of constraints-led training on skill development in interceptive sports: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Clark ◽  
Kayla McEwan ◽  
Candice J Christie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Quality Assessments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sporting Performance ◽  
Training Protocol

There has been a recent increase in constraints-led training to assist the development of technical and cognitive skill in sports. While the benefits of constraints-led training appear obvious, the evidence for this type of training is not clear. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to establish the effectiveness of this approach to training within interceptive sports. Four databases (Google Scholar, JURN, Mendeley and Science Direct) were searched for journal articles focused on skill acquisition within interceptive sports. A methodological and reporting quality assessment was done to determine the quality of each article. Eighteen articles were selected for review. The results of these two quality assessments revealed poor quality scores for the majority of the studies. However, 77.7% of the studies found a positive effect in skill acquisition following manipulation in training protocol; therefore, the implementation of the constraints-led approach within interceptive sport can be advocated. Key methodological structures were identified as well as aspects of methodology that should be avoided to ensure reliable results for future studies. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of constraints-led training on interceptive sporting performance.

scholarly journals ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL EXTENDED SERVICES PERFORMED BY MALAYSIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS, PERCEPTIONS AND BARRIERS TOWARDS IT’S PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazri Nordin ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽  
Azmi Sarriff
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Objective: Aims of this review were to identify actual or potential extended services performed in community pharmacy settings, perceptions among community pharmacists (CPs), general practitioners (GPs), consumers and policymakers of these extended services and barriers towards its performance.Methods: A literature review was conducted, using Google Scholar and PubMed as a searching engine.Results: Identifying eight quality full texts to review which fulfil the inclusion searching criteria, revealing a wide range of actual or potential extended services performed by CPs such as counselling on asthma, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, diabetes, smoking cessation and self-medication. GPs’ perceptions towards these extended services were varied, not or in favour of CPs to perform some actual or potential extended services. Customers were in favour of CPs to perform these actual or potential extended services whereas CPs indicated a few barriers towards the performance of these actual or potential extended services.Conclusion: As a conclusion, CPs in Malaysia were in the right position to perform the actual or potential extended services, collaborating with GPs to promote better medication use and enhance patients’ quality of life. Some barriers towards these extended services must be intervened in order to enhance the quality of the services.

scholarly journals Quick and dirty? A systematic review of the use of rapid ethnographies in healthcare organisation and delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Vindrola-Padros ◽  
Bruno Vindrola-Padros
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Organisation ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe ability to capture the complexities of healthcare practices and the quick turnaround of findings make rapid ethnographies appealing to the healthcare sector, where changing organisational climates and priorities require actionable findings at strategic time points. Despite methodological advancement, there continue to be challenges in the implementation of rapid ethnographies concerning sampling, the interpretation of findings and management of field research. The purpose of this review was to explore the benefits and challenges of using rapid ethnographies to inform healthcare organisation and delivery and identify areas that require improvement.MethodsThis was a systematic review of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the quality of the articles. We developed the search strategy using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Settingframework and searched for peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, Web of Science and ProQuest Central. We included articles that reported findings from rapid ethnographies in healthcare contexts or addressing issues related to health service use.Results26 articles were included in the review. We found an increase in the use of rapid ethnographies in the last 2‰years. We found variability in terminology and developed a typology to clarify conceptual differences. The studies generated findings that could be used to inform policy and practice. The main limitations of the studies were: the poor quality of reporting of study designs, mainly data analysis methods, and lack of reflexivity.ConclusionsRapid ethnographies have the potential to generate findings that can inform changes in healthcare practices in a timely manner, but greater attention needs to be paid to the reflexive interpretation of findings and the description of research methods.Trial registration numberCRD42017065874.

scholarly journals Methods for evaluating the quality of information on health websites: Systematic Review (2001-2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 994-1056
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Paolucci ◽  
André Pereira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Information Updating

The Internet is a major source of health information, but the poor quality of the information has been criticized for decades. We looked at methods for assessing the quality of health information, updating the findings of the first systematic review from 2002. We searched 9 Health Sciences, Information Sciences, and multidisciplinary databases for studies. We identified 7,718 studies and included 299. Annual publications increased from 9 (2001) to 53 (2013), with 89% from developed countries. We identified 20 areas of knowledge. Six tools have been used worldwide, but 43% of the studies did not use any of them. The methodological framework of criteria from the first review has been the same. The authors were the evaluators in 80% of the studies. This field of evaluation is expanding. No instrument simultaneously covers the evaluation criteria. There is still a need for a methodology involving experts and users and evidence-based indicators of accuracy.

scholarly journals ROLE FORENSIC TRADE ANALYSIS WHILE HEARING CONSUMER PROTECTION CASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-416
Author(s):  
O. Dontsova ◽  
G. Sich
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Right

This article content is aimed at characterization of urgent problematic issues, which are connected with determining the place of forensic expertise in cases related to the protection of consumer rights and the development of ways of solving emerging problems. The article emphasizes that in accordance with the current legislation, consumers have the right to protect their rights to the necessary quality, safety of goods and services, as well as the right to compensation for losses caused by goods of inadequate quality, dangerous to life and health, etc. It is determined that the main control in the sphere of trade is exercised by the State Service for Product Safety and Consumer Protection, and it is established that the problems are the inability of this service to carry out an instant check on a consumer complaint of a particular point of sale. At the present stage, the problem of citizens' rights including rights in the sphere of consumption, is extremely urgent, because accession of Ukraine to the European Union requires the application of European standards of product quality. In developed country, the consumer is a major player in market relations, which is focused on the production and improvement of the quality of goods and services. The application of sanctions to sellers, manufacturers of poor-quality products does not always give the necessary effect, because usually an unscrupulous manufacturer (seller, executor) pays a fine and continues to provide poor quality services, to supply products that are dangerous to life and health. Important factor in improving the quality of products and services provided is the legal knowledge of consumers themselves in protecting their rights. Consumer rights have a prerogative over the rights of sellers and producers, since human life and health under the Constitution of Ukraine is a fundamental value of the state. The authors described the actions that the consumer should take to protect their violated rights, and emphasized that in cases where the consumer seeks to restore justice for this issue, he should ask an expert institution to perform a forensic trade research.

scholarly journals Ensuring effective governance of Public-Private Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira ◽  
Ludger Schuknecht
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The Right

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can be an effective way of delivering infrastructure. However, achieving value for money can be difficult if government agencies are not equipped to manage them effectively. Experience from OECD countries shows that the availability of finance is not the main obstacle in delivering infrastructure. Governance—effective decision-making—is the most influential aspect on the quality of an investment, including PPP investments. In 2012, the OECD together with its member countries developed principles to ensure that PPPs deliver value for money transparently and prudently, supported by the right institutional capacities and processes to harness the upside of PPPs without jeopardizing fiscal sustainability. Survey results from OECD countries show that some dimensions of the recommended practices are well applied and past and ongoing reforms show progress. However, other principles have not been well implemented, reflecting the continuing need for improving public governance of PPPs across countries.

scholarly journals Exploring the Challenges of Initial Teacher Preparation: Voicing the Concerns from the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Fekede Tuli ◽  
Temesgen Oljira
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Teacher Preparation Program ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
The Right

It is widely recognized that the best education systems have the best teachers, and a school can only ever be as good as its teachers. However, the quality of a teaching force is dependent on the availability of good quality teacher education program. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of initial teacher preparation program from insiders’ perspectives. Data were collected via semi-structured interview and analyzed narratively. The findings of the study revealed that failure to attract the right people into teaching, poor quality of teacher training programs, weak University and School partnership, unfair and disproportionate treatment of teacher education, policy- practice gap, poor teacher retention strategy, and poor information and communication technology integration as the challenges undermining the teacher education program. The need to attracting best and brightest candidates into the profession, strengthening teacher education programs, improving the management of teacher education, valuing teachers and improving their status are areas identified as implication of the study.

Associations between digital health intervention engagement and dietary intake: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Delaney ◽  
Matthew Mclaughlin ◽  
Alix Hall ◽  
Sze Lin Yoong ◽  
Alison Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vote Counting

BACKGROUND There has been a proliferation of digital health interventions (DHIs) targeting dietary intake. Despite their potential, the effectiveness of such interventions are thought to be dependent, in part, on user engagement. However, the relationship between engagement and the effectiveness of dietary DHIs is not well understood. OBJECTIVE As such, the aim of this systematic review is to describe the association between DHI engagement (both usage and subjective experience) and dietary intake. METHODS A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed literature was undertaken in four electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus) from inception to December 2019. A hand search of targeted journals, grey literature searches and a search of relevant references of similar reviews was also conducted. Studies were eligible if they examined a quantitative association between objective measures of engagement with a DHI (subjective experience or usage) and measures of dietary intake in adults (aged ≥18 years). Authors single screened studies, with a pair of review authors assessing quality of studies and extracting relevant data. Narrative syntheses using vote counting was undertaken to explore to relationship between measures of engagement and dietary intake. RESULTS The search resulted in 10,653 citations, of which seven studies (from nine articles) were included in the review. The majority of studies (n=5) included usage measures of engagement rather than subjective experience (n=2). Logins were the most commonly reported usage measure (n=5 studies), and fruit and vegetable intake was the most common measure of dietary intake (n=4 studies). The heterogeneity of engagement and dietary intake measures limited the use of meta-analytic techniques, however narrative review (vote counting) found mixed evidence of an association with usage measures (5 of 12 associations indicating a positive relationship, 7 were inconclusive). No evidence regarding an association with subjective experience was found (0 of 2 associations were inconclusive). The majority of included studies (n=5) were rated poor quality according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide some evidence supporting an association between measures of usage and fruit and vegetable intake, however this was inconsistent. No evidence was found regarding an association with subjective experience. Given the limited number of studies included in the review and poor quality of available evidence further research examining the association between DHI engagement and dietary intake using consistent measures, with an additional focus on subjective experience is warranted. CLINICALTRIAL CRD42018112189

Inter-rater reliability of case-note audit: a systematic review

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lilford ◽  
Alex Edwards ◽  
Alan Girling ◽  
Timothy Hofer ◽  
Gian Luca Di Tanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retrospective Examination

Objective: The quality of clinical care is often assessed by retrospective examination of case-notes (charts, medical records). Our objective was to determine the inter-rater reliability of case-note audit. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the inter-rater reliability of case-note audit. Analysis was restricted to 26 papers reporting comparisons of two or three raters making independent judgements about the quality of care. Results: Sixty-six separate comparisons were possible, since some papers reported more than one measurement of reliability. Mean kappa values ranged from 0.32 to 0.70. These may be inflated due to publication bias. Measured reliabilities were found to be higher for case-note reviews based on explicit, as opposed to implicit, criteria and for reviews that focused on outcome (including adverse effects) rather than process errors. We found an association between kappa and the prevalence of errors (poor quality care), suggesting alternatives such as tetrachoric and polychoric correlation coefficients be considered to assess inter-rater reliability. Conclusions: Comparative studies should take into account the relationship between kappa and the prevalence of the events being measured.

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