scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis improves growth and antioxidative response of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) under salt stress.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shirani Bidabadi 1 ◽  
Majid Masoumian 2
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Amf Inoculation

To investigate the possible role of arbuscular mycrrhizal fungi (AMF) in alleviating the negative effects of salinity on Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.), the regenerated plantlets in tissue culture was transferred to pots in greenhouse and inoculated with Glomus intraradices. Salinity caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis efficiency and enhanced the electrolyte leakage. The use of AMF in salt –affected plants resulted in improved all above mentioned characteristics. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased in salt stressed plants while a reduction was observed due to AMF inoculation. CAT activity showed a significant increase up to 2 g/l and then followed by decline at 5 g/l NaCl in both AMF and non-AMF treated stevia, however, AMF inoculated plants maintained lower CAT activity at all salinity levels (2 and 5 g/l). Enhanced POX activities in salt- treated stevia plants were decreased by inoculation of plants with AMF. The addition of NaCl to stevia plants also resulted in an enhanced activity of SOD whilst, AMF plants maintained higher SOD activity at all salinity levels than those of non-AMF inoculated plants. AMF inoculation was capable of alleviating the damage caused by salinity on stevia plants by reducing oxidative stress and improving photosynthesis efficiency. 

scholarly journals Role of Melatonin in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Qi Mao ◽  
Yaru Yan ◽  
Meijuan Wu ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that confers tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of melatonin in plant response to Fusarium oxysporum and the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain unclear. Here we show that exogenous melatonin application promoted the AMF colonization rate in cucumber roots, which potentially suppressed Fusarium wilt as evidenced by a decreased disease index and an increased control effect. Leaf gas exchange analysis revealed that Fusarium inoculation significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). Intriguingly, either melatonin application or AMF inoculation significantly increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, and dry biomass, and their combined treatment showed a more profound effect under Fusarium stress. Further analysis showed that Fusarium induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Conversely, either melatonin or AMF drastically attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage in Fusarium-inoculated plants, and their combined treatment caused a further decrease. Fusarium inoculation decreased the activity and transcripts of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of glutathione and proline. Besides, the activity and transcripts of peroxidase and catalase, the content of phenols and flavonoids increased after Fusarium infection. Importantly, melatonin and/or AMF significantly increased those parameters with the greatest effect with their combined treatment under Fusarium stress. Our results suggest that a positive collaboration between melatonin and AMF enhances resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber plants.

scholarly journals Identification of a cDNA from the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices that is Expressed During Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Up-Regulated by N Fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
Carlos Collados ◽  
Rosa Porcel ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
JoséM. Barea
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Reading Frame

A cDNA library was constructed with RNA from Glomus intraradices-colonized lettuce roots and used for differential screening. This allowed the identification of a cDNA (Gi-1) that was expressed only in mycorrhizal roots and was of fungal origin. The function of the gene product is unknown, because Gi-1 contained a complete open reading frame that was predicted to encode a protein of 157 amino acids which only showed little homology with glutamine synthetase from Helicobacter pylori. The time-course analysis of gene expression during the fungal life cycle showed that Gi-1 was expressed only during the mycorrhizal symbiosis and was not detected in dormant or germinating spores of G. intraradices. P fertilization did not significantly change the pattern of Gi-1 expression compared with that in the unfertilized treatment, whereas N fertilization (alone or in combination with P) considerably enhanced the Gi-1 transcript accumulation. This increase in gene expression correlated with plant N status and growth under such conditions. The possible role of the Gi-1 gene product in intermediary N metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is further discussed.

scholarly journals Phosphate Import at the Arbuscule: Just a Nutrient?

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yi Yang ◽  
Uta Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Cortex Cell

Central to the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is the arbuscule, the site where symbiotic phosphate is delivered. Initial investigations in legumes have led to the exciting observation that symbiotic phosphate uptake not only enhances plant growth but also regulates arbuscule dynamics and is, furthermore, required for maintenance of the symbiosis. This review evaluates the possible role of the phosphate ion, not only as a nutrient but also as a signal that is necessary for reprogramming the host cortex cell for symbiosis.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mitigates the negative effects of salinity on durum wheat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Fileccia ◽  
Paolo Ruisi ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Alfonso Salvatore Frenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and stevioside concentration are improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana under different phosphate concentrations

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10173
Author(s):  
Luis G. Sarmiento-López ◽  
Melina López-Meyer ◽  
Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez ◽  
Luis Cárdenas ◽  
Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration

In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect depends on the plant species. Stevia rebaudiana plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photochemical performance has not been performed; such an analysis was the aim of this study. The results indicated that low phosphate concentrations (20 and 200 µM KH2PO4) induced a high percentage of colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots of S. rebaudiana, while high phosphate concentrations (500 and 1,000 µM KH2PO4) reduced colonization. The morphology of the colonization structure is a typical Arum-type mycorrhiza, and a mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter was identified. Colonization with low phosphate concentrations improved plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, and photochemical performance. The transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferase (UGT74G1) was upregulated in colonized plants at 200 µM KH2PO4, which was consistent with the observed patterns of stevioside accumulation. In contrast, at 200 µM KH2PO4, the transcription of UGT76G1 and the accumulation of rebaudioside A were higher in noncolonized plants than in colonized plants. These results indicate that a low phosphate concentration improves mycorrhizal colonization and modulates the stevioside and rebaudioside A concentration by regulating the transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferases, which are involved in stevioside and rebaudioside A synthesis in S. rebaudiana.

scholarly journals Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chemical Constituents in Cotton/Alfalfa Mixed Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Mazen Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the extent of changes occurring in the nutrients, chlorophyll and protein of plants grown in cotton/alfalfa mixed culture as affected by inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment consisted of mycorrhizal treatments (with and without AMF inoculation) and three planting patterns (cotton monoculture, alfalfa monoculture, cotton/alfalfa mixed culture). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum previously isolated from a rhizospheric soil of cotton, was a mixture of Glomus intraradices, G. viscosum, and G. mosseae. Results showed that total chlorophyll and protein concentrations, and nutrients content were higher in AM cotton plants compared with the non-AM control. Mixed culture had a positive effect on all the above parameters in cotton shoot. The highest values were noted in AM plants in the mixed culture. Improved chemicals and biochemical constituents in cotton led to an increase in dry matter production. The highest dry matter was observed in the AM mixed culture, and was significantly higher by 1.4 times than that of non-AM monoculture.

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