scholarly journals Major Energy Efficient Routing Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Idea

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangeer Ali ◽  
Gulshan Kumar ◽  
Dr. Mritunjay Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Sensing Applications

Sensing the environment without human intervention is carried out with Wireless Sensor Networks. Thus WSNs have gained impetus in every field as applicable to various sensing applications. As the sensor nodes are very minute with limited power, memory and controlling mechanism. Thus it is necessary to implement energy efficient routing in sensor nodes such that network lifetime is enhanced. In this paper, we have discussed various existing energy efficient routing schemes and made comparison on various parameters in literature survey. Finally came to conclusion that there is a need of an energy efficient routing protocol which can further extend network lifetime. We propose an idea in which existing; Enhanced Energy Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering (EEEPSC) is modified by placing a fraction of nodes having more energy than normal nodes in the locations where Base Station is far away. And BS is placed within the area of deployed nodes.

scholarly journals Energy-efficient genetic algorithm variants of PEGASIS for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaqil Somauroo ◽  
Vandana Bassoo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Delay Performance

Due to its boundless potential applications, Wireless Sensor Networks have been subject to much research in the last two decades. WSNs are often deployed in remote environments making replacement of batteries not feasible. Low energy consumption being of prime requisite led to the development of energy-efficient routing protocols. The proposed routing algorithms seek to prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes in the relatively unexplored area of 3D WSNs. The schemes use chain-based routing technique PEGASIS as basis and employ genetic algorithm to build the chain instead of the greedy algorithm. Proposed schemes will incorporate an energy and distance aware CH selection technique to improve load balancing. Clustering of the network is also implemented to reduce number of nodes in a chain and hence reduce delay. Simulation of our proposed protocols is carried out for homogeneous networks considering separately cases for a static base-station inside and outside the network. Results indicate considerable improvement in lifetime over PEGASIS of 817% and 420% for base station inside and outside the network respectively. Residual energy and delay performance are also considered.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Secure Path Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 751784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanishimwe Jean de Dieu ◽  
Nyirabahizi Assouma ◽  
Maniraguha Muhamad ◽  
Wang Jin ◽  
Sungyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Backbone ◽  
Energy Network

To collect the data and transmit them on the base station is the main task of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This transmission requires a specific routing algorithm. To prolong the network lifetime, sensor nodes need a secure load-balancing route. In this paper, we investigate the facts of ensuring secure sensed data in a balanced energy network backbone, and propose energy-efficient secure path algorithm (ESPA) for WSNs. It is a process of ensuring sensed data authenticity and integrity under a well-structured energy-efficient routing. To overcome the limitation caused by the symmetric key cryptography algorithms for securing data in WSNs, we proposed a mechanism for checking data integrity in a balanced energy network backbone. On this basis, we use the combined version of distance energy aware routing and a checking data integrity method for WSNs. ESPA provides a better performance in maximizing the network lifetime.

UCAEE: Uniform Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Babber
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Background: The advent of wireless sensor networks makes it possible to track the events even in the remotest areas that too without human intervention. But severe resource constraints, generally energy of sensor nodes push researchers worldwide to develop energy efficient protocols in order to accomplish the application objectives of these networks. Objective: However, till date there is no energy efficient routing protocol which provides uniformity with maximum resource utilization for WSNs. Methods: In this paper, a Uniform Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (UCAEE) has been proposed. UCAEE is a base station controlled algorithm where entire sensing area is partitioned into uniform clusters. The motive of the algorithm is to split the sensing area into uniform clusters and to select cluster heads and gate-way nodes within each cluster so that the network energy can be balanced in a best possible way. Conclusion: UCAEE achieves minimum energy consumption during data transmission and reception. Results: Simulation results indicate that proposed UCAEE algorithm conserves more energy than its contemporary clustering algorithms like LEACH, PEGASIS and SECA and promises better network lifetime of wireless sensor networks.

scholarly journals Some aspects of Routing Protocols at Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 6654-6658
Author(s):  
Irfan Shaqiri ◽  
Aristotel Tentov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In this paper we give an overview of some routing protocols which can improve the efficiency and scalability of wireless sensor networks. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. WSN are generally used to monitor activities and report events, such as pollution parameters, healthcare issues, fire info etc. in a specific area or environment. It routs data back to the Base Station (BS). Data transmission is usually a multi-hop from node to node towards the BS. This type of networks is limited in power, computational and communication bandwidth. The main goal of all researchers is to find out the energy efficient routing protocol which will improve considerably networks resources in term of prolonging lifetime of sensor nodes. Also we highlight the various routing protocol with advantages and limitations as well. 

scholarly journals Energy-efficient routing in the proximity of a complicated hole in wireless sensor networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh-Van Nguyen ◽  
Chi-Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Phi Le Nguyen ◽  
Tien Van Do ◽  
Imrich Chlamtac
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Effective Manner

AbstractA quest for geographic routing schemes of wireless sensor networks when sensor nodes are deployed in areas with obstacles has resulted in numerous ingenious proposals and techniques. However, there is a lack of solutions for complicated cases wherein the source or the sink nodes are located close to a specific hole, especially in cavern-like regions of large complex-shaped holes. In this paper, we propose a geographic routing scheme to deal with the existence of complicated-shape holes in an effective manner. Our proposed routing scheme achieves routes around holes with the (1+$$\epsilon$$ ϵ )-stretch. Experimental results show that our routing scheme yields the highest load balancing and the most extended network lifetime compared to other well-known routing algorithms as well.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Trust Node Based Routing Protocol (EETRP) to Maximize the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks in Plateaus

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandoori Srikanth ◽  
Muktyala Sivaganga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Energy Limitation

<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can extant the individual profits and suppleness with regard to low-power and economical quick deployment for numerous applications. WSNs are widely utilized in medical health care, environmental monitoring, emergencies and remote control areas. Introducing of mobile nodes in clusters is a traditional approach, to assemble the data from sensor nodes and forward to the Base station. Energy efficiency and lifetime improvements are key research areas from past few decades. In this research, to solve the energy limitation to upsurge the network lifetime, Energy efficient trust node based routing protocol is proposed. An experimental validation of framework is focused on Packet Delivery Ratio, network lifetime, throughput, energy consumption and network loss among all other challenges. This protocol assigns some high energy nodes as trusted nodes, and it decides the mobility of data collector.  The energy of mobile nodes, and sensor nodes can save up to a great extent by collecting data from trusted nodes based on their trustworthiness and energy efficiency.  The simulation outcome of our evaluation shows an improvement in all these parameters than existing clustering and Routing algorithms.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruan ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baniata ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

An Energy Aware Routing Based on Swarm Intelligence for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Yong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks consisting of nodes with limited power are deployed to collect and distribute useful information from the field to the other sensor nodes. Energy consumption is a key issue in the sensor’s communications since many use battery power, which is limited. In this paper, we describe a novel energy efficient routing approach which combines swarm intelligence, especially the ant colony based meta-heuristic, with a novel variation of reinforcement learning for sensor networks (ARNet). The main goal of our study was to maintain network lifetime at a maximum, while discovering the shortest paths from the source nodes to the sink node using an improved swarm intelligence. ARNet balances the energy consumption of nodes in the network and extends the network lifetime. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional EEABR algorithm can obviously improve adaptability and reduce the average energy consumption effectively.

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