scholarly journals Investigation of Mobility Model Against Reactive Routing Protocols in MANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 751-767
Author(s):  
Shruti Bajaj ◽  
Er. Rajdeep Singh ◽  
Er. Parveen Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
The Impact

Ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. It may connect hundreds to thousands of mobile nodes. The mobile nodes communicate directly with each other without the aid of access points. They form an arbitrary topology, where the routers are free to move randomly and arrange themselves as required. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of mobility models on the performance of three MANET on-demand reactive routing protocols: AODV, DSR and DYMO. The mobility models that are used in this work are: Random Waypoint mobility model and Group mobility model. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network size, varying pause time, and varying velocity. We used Qual-Net [18] from scalable networks for the simulation purpose. The performance analysis is based on different network metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, average end –to –end delay and average jitter.

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in MANET Varying Network Size

2012 ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Singh ◽  
Mridul Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Self Organized

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile wireless nodes in which the communication between nodes is carried out without any centralized control. MANET is a self organized and self configurable network where the mobile nodes move arbitrarily. The mobile nodes can receive and forward packets as a router. Routing is a critical issue in MANET. Therefore focus in this paper is to compare the performance of three routing protocols DSDV, DSR and AODV for CBR traffic by varying no. of nodes in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, routing overhead and throughput. The simulation is carried out on NS2.

scholarly journals Students Social Based Mobility Model for MANET-DTN Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Hrabčák ◽  
Martin Matis ◽  
L’ubomír Doboš ◽  
Ján Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wireless Mobile

In the real world, wireless mobile devices are carried by humans. For this reason, it is useful if mobility models as simulation tools used to test routing protocols and other MANET-DTN features follow the behaviour of humans. In this paper, we propose a new social based mobility model called Students Social Based Mobility Model (SSBMM). This mobility model is inspired by the daily routine of student’s life. Since many current social based mobility models give nodes freedom in terms of movement according to social feeling and attractivity to other nodes or places, we focus more on the mandatory part of our life, such as going to work and school. In the case of students, this mandatory part of their life is studying in university according to their schedule. In their free time, they move and behave according to attractivity to other nodes or places of their origin. Finally, proposed SSBMM was tested and verified by Tools for Evaluation of Social Relation in Mobility Models and compared with random based mobility models. At the end, SSBMM was simulated to examine the impact of social relations on routing protocols.

scholarly journals MANETs performance analysis with dos attack at different routing protocols

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Zain ◽  
Heba El-khobby ◽  
Hatem M. Abd Elkader ◽  
Mostafa Abdelnaby
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) is widely used in many industrial and people's life applications, such as earth monitoring, natural disaster prevention, agriculture biomedical related applications, and many other areas. Security threat is one of the major aspects of MANET, as it is one of the basic requirements of wireless sensor network, yet this problem has not been sufficiently explored. The main purpose of this paper is to study different MANETs routing protocols with three scenarios of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on network layer using proactive routing protocol i.e. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Reactive routing protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hybrid routing protocols like Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). Moreover, a comparative analysis of DoS attacks for throughput, Data loss, delay and network load is taken into account. The performance of MANET under the attack is studied to find out which protocol is more vulnerable to the attack and how much is the impact of the attack on both protocols. The simulation is done using OPNET 17.

scholarly journals Mobility Impact on MANET Routing Protocols In Grid Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691-2702
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mir Ali Al-Quzwini ◽  
Zeinab R. Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or centralized administration due to no wired backbone.Ad Hoc networks are formed spontaneously and the nodes are highly mobile.Thispaper presents performance evaluations, comparisons, andanalysis for three routing protocols (AODV, DSR, and OLSR)to bring out their relative meritsundervarying network size and mobilitywith  various speed and pause times. The simulation is carried out using OMNET++ simulator based on the quantitative basic parameters like throughput, Packet transmission Ratio (PTR),packet transmission time delay and protocol overhead .The  nodes are distributed randomly in a grid network topology and mobile nodes moving using Random Waypoint mobility models. The results demonstrate that, undervarious node speeds and pause timesfor different network size, AODVoutperforms DSR and OLSR protocols, with respect to networkthroughput (by 0.9% and 4.4%, respectively). For protocoloverhead,DSR has lower overhead than both AODV and OLSR protocols (by 13.4% and 65.5%, respectively). In contrast, thepacket transmission time delay when using OLSR is shorter than whenusing both AODV (by 81.7%) and DSR (by 76.7%). 

scholarly journals Analysis of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols using the Impact of Mobility Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Md. Sharif Hossen ◽  
Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Shortest Path Map ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
The Impact

Intermittently connected mobile networks are sparsely connected wireless ad-hoc networks where there is no end-to-end path from a source device to a destination. Generally, these paths do not exist. Hence, these devices use intermittent path using the concept of the store-and-forward mechanism to successfully do the communication. These networks are featured by long delay, dissimilar data rates, and larger error rates. Hence, we see the analysis of several delay-tolerant routing protocols, e.g., epidemic, spray-and-wait, prophet, maxprop, rapid, and spray-and-focus using opportunistic network environment simulator. At first, the investigations of the above considered routing protocols are done across three mobility models namely random direction, random walk, and shortest path map based movement mobility model for node impact only. Then, we evaluate these routing protocols against the impact of message copy, buffer, and time-to-live using shortest path map considering the result of node impact. We use three metrics and the result shows that spray-and-focus deserves good performance for showing higher delivery, lower latency, and lower overhead among all routing techniques while epidemic the poor.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3635
Author(s):  
Salma S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Fatah I. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
The Impact

Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BLACK HOLE ATTACK DURING ROUTE DISCOVERY PHASE OF AODV IN MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Lalit Tripathi ◽  
Kanojia Sindhuben
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Discovery Phase ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
The Impact

MANET (Mobile ad hoc networks) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming an infrastructure less network. Several routing protocols are designed for routing of packets in MANET. One of them is AODV (Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector) protocol whose performance is better for higher mobile nodes. It is more vulnerable to black hole attack by the malicious node. Black hole attack is a network layer attack in MANET that tries to hamper the routing process. During route discovery phase it sends false reply to the nodes and dropped data packets. In this paper, first we have implemented black hole attack in AODV and then analyzed the impact of black hole attack under deferent metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. Simulator NS-2.35 is used for implementation and result analysis.

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