The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

scholarly journals Optimizing irrigation and determining the most sensitive development stage to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Amor Slama ◽  
Leila Radhouane
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Three Stages

Rising temperatures and increasing water scarcity, which are already important issues, are expected to intensify in the near future due to global warming. Optimizing irrigation in agriculture is a challenge. Understanding the response of crop development stages to water deficit stress provides an opportunity for optimizing irrigation. Here we studied the response of two barley varieties (Rihane, Martin), to water deficit stress at three development stages (tillering, stem elongation, and heading) by measuring water status and grain yield components in a field experiment in Tunisia. The three stages were selected due to their importance in crop growth and grain development. Water deficit stress was initiated by withholding water for 21 days at the three stages with subsequent re-watering. Water deficit led to a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. In both varieties, heading was the stage most sensitive to water deficit. Leaf water potential measurements indicated that water deficit stress was more severe during heading, which to some extent may have influenced the comparison between growth stages. During heading, the number of ears per plant and weight of a thousand grains were reduced by more than 70% and 50%, respectively compared with stress at tillering. Comparison of yield components showed differences between the two barley varieties only when the water deficit was produced during the tillering stage.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to drought stress and dust pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Karami ◽  
Nasser Ghaderi ◽  
Taimoor Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Dust pollution can negatively affect plant productivity in hot, dry areas with high insolation during summer. To understand the effect of water-deficit and its interaction with dust pollution on vegetative and physiological changes in grapevine ʻBidaneh Sefidʼ, two-year-old plants were subjected to drought stress (-0.1 and -1 MPa) and dust treatment in a greenhouse during 2013 and 2014. The results showed that dust had a significant negative effect on the number of leaves, shoot length, root and shoot dry weights, and total dry weight under both drought and well-irrigated conditions. Dust, when applied in combination with drought, caused severe growth reduction. Leaf relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) were reduced under dust and drought stress, while soluble carbohydrate, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 concentrations increased. Furthermore, dust application resulted in characteristics similar to those induced by water-deficit stress and intensified vegetative and physiological changes when applied together. Dust and drought treatments increased peroxidases and ascorbate peroxidase activities when compared to the control. The results indicate that dust has an adverse effect on the growth and physiology of grapevine and plays a negative role in the response of grapevine to drought stress.

scholarly journals Assessment of Salicylic Acid Impacts on Seedling Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MARDANI ◽  
Hassan BAYAT ◽  
Amir Hossein SAEIDNEJAD ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi REZAIE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design

Impacts of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling characteristic were evaluated under different water stress levels by using a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The studied factors included three water deficit levels (100% FC, 80% FC, and 60% FC) considered as first factor and five levels of SA concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) as second factor. Results showed that foliar application of SA at the highest concentration enhanced leaf area, leaf and dry weight while decreased stomatal conductance under high level of water deficit stress. Though, severe water deficit stress sharply raised the SPAD reading values. In general, exogenous SA application could develop cucumber seedling characteristic and improve water stress tolerance.

Genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in grain sorghum. I. Development of variation in osmotic adjustment under water-limited conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
The Other

Development of genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment was examined in two glasshouse experiments using two sets of sorghum material. In the first experiment, 47 S2 lines extracted from a randomly mated population were used, whereas in the other, inbred parents and their 15 hybrids were compared. In both experiments, water deficit was induced in two periods, one before anthesis and the other after anthesis for most genotypes. In both experiments osmotic potential at the beginning of the first drying period was similar among genotypes and therefore osmotic potential obtained under water deficit was used for the comparison of osmotic adjustment among genotypes. In the first drying period of both experiments, when stress was milder, about 40% of the variation in osmotic adjustment was accounted for by difference in leaf water potential. When the effect of water potential was removed by covariance analysis, there was significant genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in the second experiment, but not in the first experiment. On the other hand, in the second drying period, when stress was more severe, the effect of leaf water potential on osmotic adjustment was small. There was significant genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in both experiments after the water potential effect was removed by covariance analysis. Osmotic adjustment in the second drying period was also negatively correlated with grain sink/source ratio (number of grains/leaf area) in the first set of materials. The comparison of osmotic adjustment among hybrids and their parents showed that, in this particular set of genotypes, the female parents were more important than the male in determining osmotic adjustment of the hybrids. The genotypic variation was associated with performance under water deficit in the field. It is concluded that there is considerable genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in the genetic material examined. Osmotic adjustment is, however, correlated with water potential and grain sink/source balance, and hence the selection for osmotic adjustment needs to ensure that high value is not due simply to low water potential or small head size.

scholarly journals Vine water deficit : among the 3 applications of pressure chamber, stem water potential is the most sensitive indicator

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Xavier Choné ◽  
Olivier Trégoat ◽  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Denis Dubourdieu
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Stem Water

<p style="text-align: justify;">Vine water status is an important factor in grape quality. High tannin and anthocyanin content in red grape berries are related to moderate vine water deficits. Hence, a simple and sensitive indicator is required to determine vine water status and especially water constraint. Pressure chamber allows a quick and easy to practice determination of water status in the vineyard. Three applications of pressure chamber are known: predawn leaf water potential (ΨB), leaf water potential (ΨF) and stem water potential (ΨT). Only ΨB and ΨF are widely used on vines. In this survey ΨB, ΨF, ΨT and transpiration flow were measured on mature leaves to determine non-irrigated vine water status in field grown vines during the growing season. In California as well as in France, stem Ψ was the most discriminating indicator for both moderate and severe water deficits. In every plot surveyed ΨT was much better correlated to leaf transpiration than ΨF. Moreover, ΨT revealed nascent water deficit earlier than ΨB did. Among the three application of pressure chamber, ΨT was the only one to indicate short term water deficit after a rainfall. Hence, ΨT appears to be a useful indicator for grapevine management in both non-irrigated and irrigated vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

scholarly journals Penggulungan daun pada tanaman monokotil saat kekurangan air (Leaf rolling in monocotyledon plants under water deficit)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ai Nio ◽  
Audry Agatha Lenak
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Dry Soil

Abstrak Penggulungan daun merupakan salah satu bentuk resistensi terhadap kekeringan atau lebih tepatnya mekanisme menghindari kekeringan pada tumbuhan monokotil. Mekanisme ini terjadi dengan cara menurunkan laju evapotranspirasi atau dengan meningkatkan absorpsi air pada tanah kering untuk mempertahankan potensial air daun tetap tinggi. Proses penggulungan daun ini berkaitan erat dengan peranan sel kipas. Pada saat kekurangan air, jumlah dan ukuran sel kipas meningkat, sehingga daun akan menggulung. Tingkat penggulungan daun dapat ditentukan secara visual berdasarkan sistem standar evaluasi untuk tanaman padi dengan memberi skor 1-9. Rendahnya tingkat penggulungan daun berkorelasi positif dengan meningkatnya potensial air daun. Kata kunci: menghindari kekeringan, penggulungan daun Abstract Leaf rolling is one mechanism of drought resistance, i.e. drought avoidance. This mechanism was resulted from decreasing evapotranspiration rate or increasing water absorption in the dry soil to maintain high leaf water potential. The process of leaf rolling in monocotyledon was closely related to the activity of bulliform cells. The number and size of bulliform cells were increased under water deficit, so that leaf rolling occurred. Leaf rolling score (1-9) could be visually determined based on the system of standard evaluation in rice. The low leaf rolling score was positively correlated with high leaf water potential. Keywords: drought avoidance, leaf rolling

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