scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Assay of some Nitrogen Containing Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations using p-Chloranilic Acid Reagent

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1798-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theia’a N. Al-Sabha ◽  
Mahmood A. Hasan ◽  
Huda A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Chloranilic Acid ◽  
Terbutaline Sulfate ◽  
Acid Reagent ◽  
Sulfacetamide Sodium ◽  
Better Than

A spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of some drugs containing amino groups (sulfacetamide sodium, lidocaine and terbutaline sulfate) based on their reaction with p-chloranilic acid reagent in an organic medium forming colored charge transfer complexes. The complexes have maximum absorptions at 530 and 527 nm for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively, but terbutaline sulfate gave two maximum absorptions at 529 and 319 nm. Beers law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-60 µg.ml-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine and 5-70 µg.ml-1 for terbutaline sulfate. The molar absorptivity values are 0.940×103, 0.913×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively while terbutaline sulfate gave 0.987×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 529 nm and 7.407×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 319 nm with accuracy range between 100.20% and 101.42% and RSD better than 3.15% for all drugs. The method is applied successfully for determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and compared favorably with British Pharmacopeia standard methods. F and t tests are less than the tabulated values at 95% confidence level.

scholarly journals Use of the Charge Transfer Reactions for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Risperidone in Pure and in Dosage Forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hemavathi Nagaraju Deepakumari ◽  
Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Chloranilic Acid ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Complexation Reactions

The aim of study was to develop and validate two simple, sensitive, and extraction-free spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of risperidone in both pure and pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the charge transfer complexation reactions between risperidone (RSP) as n-electron donor and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) in method A and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in method B as π-acceptors. In method A, RSP reacts with p-CA in methanol to produce a bright pink-colored chromogen measured at 530 nm whereas, in method B, RSP reacts with DDQ in dichloromethane to form orange-colored complex with a maximum absorption at 460 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0–25 and 0–50 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of and L/moL/cm for RSP in methods A and B, respectively. The effects of variables such as reagents, time, and stability of the charge transfer complexes were investigated to optimize the procedures. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determination of RSP in pharmaceutical formulations. Results indicate that the methods are accurate, precise, and reproducible (relative standard deviation %).

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Mycophenolate Mofetil as Its Charge-Transfer Complexes with Twoπ-Acceptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Vinay ◽  
H. D. Revanasiddappa ◽  
M. S. Raghu ◽  
Sameer. A. M. Abdulrahman ◽  
N. Rajendraprasad
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Chloranilic Acid

Two simple, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) in pure form and in tablets. Both methods are based on charge-transfer complexation reaction of MPM with p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in dioxane-acetonitrile medium resulting in coloured product measurable at 520 nm (p-CA) or 580 nm (DDQ). Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 40–400 and 12–120 μg mL−1MPM for p-CA and DDQ, respectively, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9995 and 0.9947. The apparent molar absorptivity values are calculated to be1.06×103and3.87×103 L mol−1 cm−1, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell’s sensitivities are 0.4106 and 0.1119 μg cm−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for both methods. The described methods were successfully applied to the determination of MPM in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the reference method showed excellent agreement. No interference was observed from the common excipients present in tablets. Both methods were validated statistically for accuracy and precision. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery studiesviastandard addition procedure.

scholarly journals Determination of Meropenem by Spectrophotometric-Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nada A. Khalil ◽  
Walada H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer Complex ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Better Than

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of Meropenem in pure and in pharmaceutical formulations. 2,3 dichloro 5,6 dicyano 1,4 benzoquinone(DDQ)has been used for determination of meropenem by formation of charge transfer complex measured at 345 nm.Beer᾽s law is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.625-12.5µg/ml) The molar absorptivity (2.3889×104)l.mol1-.cm1-,Sandellʹs sensitivity index is 0.0161µg.cm2-,The method is precise (relative standard deviation RSD% is better than ±3.32%) and accurate (relative error in the range of -0.97 to-0.60%)  depending on the concentration  level. The method was applied succefully to the assay of Meropenem in pharmaceutical preparation in the form of injection.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.012

scholarly journals Utility of p-Chloranilic Acid and 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Rizatriptan Benzoate

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudige N. Prashanth ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Chloranilic Acid ◽  
Rizatriptan Benzoate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexation

Rizatriptan is a new selective 5-HT1B/1D agonist which is used in the treatment of migraine headaches. Two simple, rapid, accurate, and economical spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of rizatriptan benzoate (RTB) in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. These methods are based on the charge-transfer complexation reaction between rizatriptan benzoate as n-electron donor and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as π-acceptor to form highly colored chromogens. The chromogens formed by the reaction between RTB and p-CA peaked at 530 nm (method A) and that formed by the reaction between RTB and DDQ peaked at 590 nm (method B). Under the optimum conditions Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 14–245 μg mL−1 for method A and 4–70 μg mL−1 for method B. The coefficient of correlation was found to be 0.9999 for both methods. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, limits of detection, and quantification are also reported. The stoichiometric relationship determined by Job’s continuous method was found to be 1 : 1 (drug : reagent) for both methods. Both methods were applied to determination of RTB in the pharmaceutical formulations. Results of the analysis were validated statistically.

scholarly journals New Diazo Coupling Reactions for Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
D. Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Acetyl Acetone ◽  
Diazo Coupling ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Diazonium Ion

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedures were developed for the analysis of Alfuzosin hydrochloride (AFZ) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reaction of AFZ with nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with ethoxyethylenemaleic ester (Method A) or ethylcyanoacetate (Method B) or acetyl acetone (method C) in basic medium to form azo dyes, showing absorption maxima at 440, 465 and 490 nm respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration of 4-20 μg/mL of AFZ for methods A, B and 3-15 μg/mL of AFZ for method C. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity of AFZ- ethoxyethylenemaleic ester, AFZ- ethylcyanoacetate and AFZ-acetyl acetone are1.90 × 104, 0.022; 1.93 × 104, 0.021 and 2.67 × 104L mole-1cm-1, 0.015 μg cm-2respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of AFZ in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Indirect spectrophotometric determination of gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics based on their oxidation by potassium permanganate

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram El-Didamony ◽  
Alaa Amin ◽  
Ahmed Ghoneim ◽  
Ayman Telebany
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Acid Orange Ii ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Medium

AbstractFour simple, accurate, sensitive and economical procedures (A–D) for the estimation of gentamicin sulphate and vancomycin hydrochloride, both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations have been developed. The methods are based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of potassium permanganate in sulphuric acid medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by reacting it with amaranth dye (method A), acid orange II (method B), indigocarmine (method C) and methylene blue (method D), in the same acid medium at a suitable λmax=521, 485, 610 and 664 nm, respectively. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the drug content. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlations in the concentration ranges 4–8, 3–8, 4–9 and 5–9 µg ml−1 with gentamicin and 4–8, 1.5–4, 1.5–4 and 3.5–5.5 µg ml−1 with vancomycin for methods A, B, C, and D, respectively. The molar absorptivity, sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The stoichiometric ratios for the cited drugs were studied. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The influence of the substance commonly employed as excipients with these drugs were studied. The proposed methods were applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The results have demonstrated that the methods are equally accurate and reproducible as the official methods.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of nicradipine and isradipine in pharmaceutical formulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Al-Ghannam ◽  
A.M. Al-Olyan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Conditional Stability ◽  
Conditional Stability Constant

A sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of some 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds namely, nicardipine and isradipine either in pure form or in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reduction of nicardipine and isradipine with zinc powder and calcium chloride followed by further reduction with sodium pentacyanoaminoferrate (II) to give violet and red products having the absorbance maximum at 546 and 539 nm with nicardipine and isradipine, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 8.0-180 ?g/ml with the detection limit of 1.67 ?g/ml for nicardipine and 8.0-110 ?g/ml with the detection limit of 1.748 ?g/ml for isradipine. The analytical parameters and their effects on the reported methods were investigated. The molar absorptivity, quantization limit, standard deviation of intercept (Sa), standard deviation of slope (Sb) and standard deviation of the residuals (Sy/x) were calculated. The composition of the result compounds were found 1:1 for nicardipine and 1:2 for isradipine by Job's method and the conditional stability constant (Kf) and the free energy changes (?G) were calculated for compounds formed. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of nicardipine and isradipine in their dosage forms. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference or official methods. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
MONIR Z. SAAD ◽  
ATEF AMER ◽  
KHALED ELGENDY ◽  
BASEM ELGENDY
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Objective: Two simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed methods are based on the oxidation of SOF and DAC by a known excess of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in sulphuric acid medium followed by determination of unreacted cerium(IV) by adding a fixed amount of indigo carmine (IC) and alizarin red S (ARS) dyes followed by measuring the absorbance at 610 and 360 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Results: The beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.2-3.0, 0.2-4.0 for SOF and 0.5-4.5 and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9991. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 2.354 × 104, 1.933 × 104 for SOF and 1.786 × 104 and 2.015 × 104 L/mol. cm for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively u. The limits of detection and quantification are also reported. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the methods have been evaluated. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to the assay of SOF and DAC in tablets and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common tablet excipients. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies using the standard addition method.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Captopril in pharmaceutical formulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of captopril in aqueous solution. The method is based on reaction of captopril with 2,3-dichloro 1,4- naphthoquinon(Dichlone) in neutral medium to form a stable yellow colored product which shows maximum absorption at 347 nm with molar absorptivity of 5.6 ×103 L.mole-1. cm-1. The proposed method is applied successfully for determination of captopril in commercial pharmaceutical tablets.

scholarly journals A sensitive spectrophotometric determination of tadalafil in pharmaceutical preparations and industrial wastewater samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple, accurate, precise, rapid, economical and a high sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of tadalafil in pharmaceutical preparations and industrial wastewater samples, which shows a maximum absorbance at 204 nm in 1:1 ethanol-water. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 1-7?g/ mL ,with molar absorptivity and Sandell ? s sensitivity of 0.783x105l/mol.cm and 4.97 ng/cm2respectively, relative standard deviation of the method was less than 1.7%, and accuracy (average recovery %) was 100 ± 0. 13. The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.18 and 0.54 µg .ml-1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of tadalafil in some pharmaceutical formulations (tablets) and industrial wastewater samples. The proposed method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability for the routine analysis of tadalafil in true samples.

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