X-RAY FLOURESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF ROCK AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM A MAGNETIC INTRUSIVE ROCK IN OBA AKOKO, NIGERIA.

2016 ◽  
pp. 4043-4053
Author(s):  
Faweya, E.B ◽  
Adesakin, G.E ◽  
Faweya O
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
International Market ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Intrusive Rock ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Rock And Soil

Nigerians had witnessed constant crash in the price of crude oil in the international market in the last couple of years to date. Therefore, Nigerians government is making concerted efforts to diversify Nigerian economy by shifting focus to other sources of mineral resources apart from petroleum. Aside from Ajaokuta iron and steel company, Oba Akoko a town in Ondo State Nigeria, has a magnetic intrusive rock which is likely one of the available mineral resources government is going to consider.

scholarly journals Degradative Ability of Silver Particles Synthesized by Gram-negative Bacteria of Some Crops Rhizosphere on Crude Oil Polluted Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
F. O. Ekundayo ◽  
D. B. Orisadipe ◽  
I. A. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ondo State

Aim: To degrade the crude oil polluted soil with silver particles synthesized by some Gram negative rhizosphere bacteria of cocoa, orange and timber obtained from Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were obtained from Idanre, Ondo State while crude oil polluted soil samples were obtained from Zion town in Ese- Odo at Ilaje, Ondo State, between June and September 2018. Also, Bonnylight Crude oil was collected from Warri in Nigeria. This research work was carried out at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Methodology: Soil samples (rhizosphere) were collected in sterile polythene bags and tightly packed and transported for analysis. The types and loads of bacteria present in the soil samples were determined. Identification and characterization of various bacterial isolates were based on Gram staining techniques and different biochemical tests. The physicochemical properties of the crude oil polluted soil were determined. The microbial biomass and the synthesis of silver particles were carried out while the bioremediation of the crude oil polluted soil with the silver particles which were performed in triplicate. Also, bioremediation of crude oil with the bacterial isolates were performed in triplicate. Five millilitres (5 ml) of silver particles produced was inoculated into 50 g of sterilized crude oil polluted soil in a plastic container with 5ml of basal medium and 3 ml of the harvested cells of the isolates was inoculated into 10 ml of the basal medium with 30ml of crude oil in a conical flask. The unsterilized soil without inoculum and silver particles were served as control, also crude oil without inoculum and silver nanoparticles were served as a control. Results: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda, were isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa. Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuatii were isolated from rhizosphere of orange while Enterobacter agglutinate, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of timber. The silver particles bioremediation on polluted soil ranges were recorded within 5 days interval for 30 days. It was deduced that Enterobacter sp appeared to be the fastest on polluted soil followed by Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, Serratia sp and Yersinia sp. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the effects of rhizosphere Gram negative bacteria in cleaning up crude oil polluted soil environment and the usefulness of silver particles in remediating hydrocarbon polluted soil.

scholarly journals Degradation of Crude Oil by Bacteria Isolated from Various Soil Plantation at Idanre, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
I. A. Onifade ◽  
D. B. Orisadipe ◽  
N. D. Nkor ◽  
F. O. Ekundayo ◽  
A. O. Arogunjo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Teak Plantations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Degradation of crude oil by bacteria isolated from three plantations soil at Idanre, Nigeria were comparatively investigated. Soil samples collected by hand trowel at 5cm rhizosphere of Cocoa, Orange, and Teak plantations from Idanre, Ondo State. The crude oil – forcados blend was obtained from Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil sample using standard microbiological methods. Preparation of Biomass was done by centrifuging nutrient broth repeatedly to wash cells. Harvested cells were obtained for the degradation of crude oil. Harvested cells were inoculated with crude oil and then incubated in a shaker. Degradation of crude oil was monitored by using spectrophotometer to read the OD at 540 nm.  The bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa include: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda,. Serratia marcescens. Rhizosphere of orange; Providencia stuatii while Enterobacter agglumerans, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of teak. The most effective hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria was Enterobacter agglumerans, which resulted in increase in population densities and reduction in hydrocarbon contents in the crude oil. Findings from this study shows the effectiveness of degrading hydrocarbon in liquid medium and further confirmed the potency of bacterial cells to degrade crude oil.

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE NAVESINK FORMATION IN MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Maliszka ◽  
◽  
Sabrina Sobel ◽  
Anthony Johnson ◽  
Dennis Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monmouth County

Track Record of Nondestructive Testing Methods Applied to Steel Plate Quality Indexes at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company

Metallurgist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238
Author(s):  
P. V. Shilyaev ◽  
V. L. Kornilov ◽  
L. S. Ivanova ◽  
A. A. Demidova ◽  
P. A. Stekanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Methods ◽  
Plate Quality ◽  
Quality Indexes

Bacterial influence on the formation of hematite: implications for Martian dormant life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sudeera Wickramarathna ◽  
Rohana Chandrajith ◽  
Atula Senaratne ◽  
Varun Paul ◽  
Padmanava Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Extraterrestrial Life ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Previous exploration missions have revealed Mars as a potential candidate for the existence of extraterrestrial life. If life could have existed beneath the Martian subsurface, biosignatures would have been preserved in iron-rich minerals. Prior investigations of terrestrial biosignatures and metabolic processes of geological analogues would be beneficial for identifying past metabolic processes on Mars, particularly morphological and chemical signatures indicative of past life, where biological components could potentially be denatured following continued exposure to extreme conditions. The objective of the research was to find potential implications for Martian subsurface life by characterizing morphological, mineralogical and microbial signatures of hematite deposits, both hematite rock and related soil samples, collected from Highland Complex of Sri Lanka. Rock samples examined through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy. Analysis showed globular and spherical growth layers nucleated by bacteria. EDX results showed a higher iron to oxygen ratio in nuclei colonies compared to growth layers, which indicated a compositional variation due to microbial interaction. X-ray diffraction analysis of the hematite samples revealed variations in chemical composition along the vertical soil profile, with the top surface soil layer being particularly enriched with Fe2O3, suggesting internal dissolution of hematite through weathering. Furthermore, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses carried out on both rock and soil samples showed a possible indication of microbially induced mineral-weathering, particularly release of trapped trace metals in the parent rock. Microbial diversity analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the rock sample was dominated by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, specifically, members of iron-metabolizing bacterial genera, including Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter, Amycolatopsis, Nocardia and Pedomicrobium. These results suggest that morphological and biogeochemical clues derived from studying the role of bacterial activity in hematite weathering and precipitation processes can be implemented as potential comparative tools to interpret similar processes that could have occurred on early Mars.

Production of New-Generation Rolled Steel under Conditions of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company

Metallurgist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 902-911
Author(s):  
P. V. Shilyaev ◽  
S. V. Denisov ◽  
P. A. Stekanov ◽  
V. L. Kornilov ◽  
M. L. Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
New Generation

Macrostructural and Microstructural Properties of Residual Soils as Engineered Landfill Liner Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Li Yong ◽  
Vivi Anggraini ◽  
Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Raghunandan ◽  
Mohd. Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Diffuse Double Layer ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Landfill Liner ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACT This study assessed the performance of residual soils with regard to their macrostructural and microstructural properties and compatibility with leachate in pursuit of exploring alternative cost-effective and efficient landfill liner materials. A series of laboratory investigations was conducted on three residual soil samples by using tap water and leachate as permeation fluid to achieve the objectives of the study. The zeta potential measurements revealed that the presence of multivalent cations in the leachate decreased the diffuse double layer (DDL) thickness around the soil particles. The reduced DDL thickness caused a decrease in Atterberg limits of soil-leachate samples and changes in the classification of fine fractions. Additionally, the effects of pore clogging attributed to chemical precipitation and bioclogging were responsible for the reduction in measured hydraulic conductivities of soil-leachate samples. These effects can be clearly observed from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of soil-leachate samples with the appearance of less visible voids that led to a more compact and dense structure. The formation of new non-clay minerals and associated changes in the Al and Si ratio as reflected in the x-ray diffraction diffractograms and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses, respectively, were attributed to the effects of chemical precipitation. This study concluded that S1 and S2 residual soil samples are potential landfill liner materials because they possess adequate grading characteristics, adequate unconfined compressive strength, low hydraulic conductivity, and good compatibility with leachate. In contrast, the S3 sample requires further treatment to enhance its properties in order to comply with the requirements of landfill liner materials.

Effect and Mechanism of CO2 Electrochemical Reduction for CCUS-EOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukaun Chai ◽  
Yuetian Liu ◽  
Qianjun Liu ◽  
Xuan He ◽  
Pingtian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion

Abstract Unconventional reservoir plays an increasingly important role in the world energy system, but its recovery is always quite low. Therefore, the economic and effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is urgently required. Moreover, with the aggravation of greenhouse effect, carbon neutrality has become the human consensus. How to sequestrate CO2 more economically and effectively has aroused wide concerns. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)-EOR is a win-win technology, which can not only enhance oil recovery but also increase CO2 sequestration efficiency. However, current CCUS-EOR technologies usually face serious gas channeling which finally result in the poor performance on both EOR and CCUS. This study introduced CO2 electrochemical conversion into CCUS-EOR, which successively combines CO2 electrochemical reduction and crude oil electrocatalytic cracking both achieves EOR and CCUS. In this study, multiscale experiments were conducted to study the effect and mechanism of CO2 electrochemical reduction for CCUS-EOR. Firstly, the catalyst and catalytic electrode were synthetized and then were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) & energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, electrolysis experiment & liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) experiments were implemented to study the mechanism of CO2 electrochemical reduction. And electrolysis experiment & gas chromatography (GC) & viscosity & density experiments were used to investigate the mechanism of crude oil electrocatalytic cracking. Finally, contact angle and coreflooding experiments were respectively conducted to study the effect of the proposed technology on wettability and CCUS-EOR. SEM & EDS & XPS results confirmed that the high pure SnO2 nanoparticles with the hierarchical, porous structure, and the large surface area were synthetized. Electrolysis & 1H NMR experiment showed that CO2 has converted into formate with the catalysis of SnO2 nanoparticles. Electrolysis & GC & Density & Viscosity experiments indicated that the crude oil was electrocatalytically cracked into the light components (<C20) from the heavy components (C21∼C37). As voltage increases from 2.0V to 7.0V, the intensity of CO2 electrocchemical reduction and crude oil electrocatalytic cracking enhances to maximum at 3.5V (i.e., formate concentration reaches 6.45mmol/L and carbon peak decreases from C17 to C15) and then weakens. Contact angle results indicated that CO2 electrochemical reduction and crude oil electocatalytic cracking work jointly to promote wettability alteration. Thereof, CO2 electrochemical reduction effect is dominant. Coreflooding results indicated that CO2 electrochemical reduction technology has great potential on EOR and CCUS. With the SnO2 catalytic electrode at optimal voltage (3.5V), the additional recovery reaches 9.2% and CO2 sequestration efficiency is as high as 72.07%. This paper introduced CO2 electrochemical conversion into CCUS-EOR, which successfully combines CO2 electrochemical reduction and crude oil electrocatalytic cracking into one technology. It shows great potential on CCUS-EOR and more studies are required to reveal its in-depth mechanisms.

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