scholarly journals Degradation of Crude Oil by Bacteria Isolated from Various Soil Plantation at Idanre, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
I. A. Onifade ◽  
D. B. Orisadipe ◽  
N. D. Nkor ◽  
F. O. Ekundayo ◽  
A. O. Arogunjo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Teak Plantations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Degradation of crude oil by bacteria isolated from three plantations soil at Idanre, Nigeria were comparatively investigated. Soil samples collected by hand trowel at 5cm rhizosphere of Cocoa, Orange, and Teak plantations from Idanre, Ondo State. The crude oil – forcados blend was obtained from Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil sample using standard microbiological methods. Preparation of Biomass was done by centrifuging nutrient broth repeatedly to wash cells. Harvested cells were obtained for the degradation of crude oil. Harvested cells were inoculated with crude oil and then incubated in a shaker. Degradation of crude oil was monitored by using spectrophotometer to read the OD at 540 nm.  The bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa include: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda,. Serratia marcescens. Rhizosphere of orange; Providencia stuatii while Enterobacter agglumerans, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of teak. The most effective hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria was Enterobacter agglumerans, which resulted in increase in population densities and reduction in hydrocarbon contents in the crude oil. Findings from this study shows the effectiveness of degrading hydrocarbon in liquid medium and further confirmed the potency of bacterial cells to degrade crude oil.

scholarly journals Degradative Ability of Silver Particles Synthesized by Gram-negative Bacteria of Some Crops Rhizosphere on Crude Oil Polluted Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
F. O. Ekundayo ◽  
D. B. Orisadipe ◽  
I. A. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ondo State

Aim: To degrade the crude oil polluted soil with silver particles synthesized by some Gram negative rhizosphere bacteria of cocoa, orange and timber obtained from Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were obtained from Idanre, Ondo State while crude oil polluted soil samples were obtained from Zion town in Ese- Odo at Ilaje, Ondo State, between June and September 2018. Also, Bonnylight Crude oil was collected from Warri in Nigeria. This research work was carried out at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Methodology: Soil samples (rhizosphere) were collected in sterile polythene bags and tightly packed and transported for analysis. The types and loads of bacteria present in the soil samples were determined. Identification and characterization of various bacterial isolates were based on Gram staining techniques and different biochemical tests. The physicochemical properties of the crude oil polluted soil were determined. The microbial biomass and the synthesis of silver particles were carried out while the bioremediation of the crude oil polluted soil with the silver particles which were performed in triplicate. Also, bioremediation of crude oil with the bacterial isolates were performed in triplicate. Five millilitres (5 ml) of silver particles produced was inoculated into 50 g of sterilized crude oil polluted soil in a plastic container with 5ml of basal medium and 3 ml of the harvested cells of the isolates was inoculated into 10 ml of the basal medium with 30ml of crude oil in a conical flask. The unsterilized soil without inoculum and silver particles were served as control, also crude oil without inoculum and silver nanoparticles were served as a control. Results: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda, were isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa. Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuatii were isolated from rhizosphere of orange while Enterobacter agglutinate, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of timber. The silver particles bioremediation on polluted soil ranges were recorded within 5 days interval for 30 days. It was deduced that Enterobacter sp appeared to be the fastest on polluted soil followed by Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, Serratia sp and Yersinia sp. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the effects of rhizosphere Gram negative bacteria in cleaning up crude oil polluted soil environment and the usefulness of silver particles in remediating hydrocarbon polluted soil.

scholarly journals Microbial studies of biosurfactant producing bacteria from crude oil contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1729-1735
Author(s):  
K.I. Ogru ◽  
P.G. Olannye
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Soils contaminated with crude oil collected from three sites in Delta State were analyzed using serial dilution and pour plate methods. The physicochemical characteristics of the soil were determined using standard methods. The mean heterotrophic bacteria count and the mean hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count were also determined. Blood haemolysis, foaming activity, oil spreading techniques and emulsification assay was used to screen the microorganisms for biosurfactant production. The biosurfactant producing bacteria were selected and their effect on metal removal and growth kinetics was also determined. The pH of the contaminated soil samples ranged 4.82 to 5.62. The mineral elements such as potassium (k+) and sodium (Na+) ranged from 0.20 to 0.80 Meq/100g and 0.07 to 0.81 Meq/100g respectively. The heavy metal content such as zinc (Zn2+) and lead (Pb2+) ranged from 10.13 to 19.24 mg/kg and 19.24 to 49.63 mg/kg respectively. Organic carbon and THC ranged from 5.44 to 6.87 % and 2720.00 to 3110.00 mg/kg respectively. The mean heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria ranges from 1.4 ± 0.4 x 106 to 1.6 ± 0.7 x 106 and 1.0 ± 0.2 x 106 to 1.2 ± 0.4 × 106 respectively in the soil samples. Bacteria isolated and identified from the three sites include Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus subtilis., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus varians, Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa having the highest prevalence and among these isolates only Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus subtilis., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus varians showed positive result for the production of biosurfactant. Bacillus subtilis had the highest metal removal capacity of 29.44% of 100 ppm of lead. Corynebacterium spp. and Bacillus subtilis had an optimum growth at pH 8 and 7 respectively while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus varians has an optimum growth at pH.

X-RAY FLOURESCENCE (XRF) ANALYSIS OF ROCK AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM A MAGNETIC INTRUSIVE ROCK IN OBA AKOKO, NIGERIA.

2016 ◽  
pp. 4043-4053
Author(s):  
Faweya, E.B ◽  
Adesakin, G.E ◽  
Faweya O
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
International Market ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Intrusive Rock ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Rock And Soil

Nigerians had witnessed constant crash in the price of crude oil in the international market in the last couple of years to date. Therefore, Nigerians government is making concerted efforts to diversify Nigerian economy by shifting focus to other sources of mineral resources apart from petroleum. Aside from Ajaokuta iron and steel company, Oba Akoko a town in Ondo State Nigeria, has a magnetic intrusive rock which is likely one of the available mineral resources government is going to consider.

scholarly journals Characterization of Indigenous Bacterial Communities in Crude-Oil Impacted Sites at Obagi Town, Onelga, Rivers State, Nigeria

Fine Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽  
Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu ◽  
Michael Chukwugoziem Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Hydrocarbon utilizers are expected to be indigenous in crude-oil polluted environments. The isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon utilizers is often a key strategy in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted environments. In this study, crude-oil polluted soil samples from Obagi town, Onelga, Rivers state were enumerated and characterized for putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial populations. Biochemical characterization identified five bacterial species representative of five genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Amongst the genera of bacteria isolated, Bacillus had the highest frequency of occurrence (40%). The mean count of total heterotrophic bacteria was 1.7 X 107 cfu/g, while hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) count mean density was 1.0 X 107 cfu/g for the three soil samples. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference at p>0.05 between Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial (HUB) counts, suggesting that most of the bacteria present in the sampled sites were hydrocarbon utilizers. Findings from this study suggest the presence of indigenous putative hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the crude-oil polluted soil of Obagi town. Hence, a promising potential exists for future bioremediation studies on the site.

scholarly journals Impacts of Artisanal Crude Oil Refining Activities on Soil Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Douglas, Salome Ibietela ◽  
Cornelius, Blessing Tamunonegiyeofori
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Aim: To evaluate the effect of illegal crude oil refining activities on soil microorganisms using standard microbiological methods. Study Design: This study employs laboratory experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study:  Soil samples were taken once a month for three months (May- July, 2018) from Ke in Degema Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, where illegal crude oil refining activities are ongoing. Methodology: Using standard microbiological methods, total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts, total fungal counts, Hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial and fungal counts were analysed to evaluate the effect of the activities. Total hydrocarbon content of the soil samples was also analysed. Results: The populations of the total heterotrophic bacterial, fungal and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) and fungal (HUF) counts of the contaminated soil were enumerated. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial counts in Station 1 around the pot ranged from 2.5 x 105 to 1.8 x 106cfu/g, fungal counts ranged from 2.1 x 103 to 4.4 x 104cfu/g, HUB (HUB) counts ranged from 4.2 x 104 to 6.4 x 105cfu/g and hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) counts ranged from 1.5 x 103 to 4.0 x 103cfu/g. The results of soil samples taken 20m away from the Pot location ranged from 7.0 x 105 to 8.2 x 106cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial counts, fungal counts ranged from 2.3 x 103 to 1.5 x 104cfu/g, HUB ranged from 4.7 x 104 to 5.7 x 105cfu/g and HUF ranged from 2.0 x 103 to 3.5 x 103cfu/g. Also, the results of total heterotrophic bacterial counts for Station 2 ranged from; 4.3 x 105 to 3.3 x 106cfu/g, fungi 2.0 x 103 to 3.3 x 104cfu/g, HUB ranged from 3.8 X 104 to 5.4 x 104cfu/g  and HUF 1.6 x 103 to 3.5 x 103cfu/g, while 20m away from the Pot total heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.3 x 107 to 6.5 x 107cfu/g, fungi 5.8 x 103 to 1.4 x 105cfu/g, HUB 5.4 x 104 to 1.1x 105cfu/g and HUF 3.1 x 103 to 4.7 x 104cfu/g. While the control samples taken from inside the community where no such activity is on, ranged from 2.6 x 107 to 7.9 x 107cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial counts, total heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 2.8 x 104 to 5.3 x 104cfu/g, HUB 2.0 x 102 to 3.1 x 102cfu/g and HUF 2.0 x 101 to 2.3 x 101cfu/g. twelve bacterial genera were identified and eight fungal genera: Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Proteus, Serratia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Penicillum, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Geotrichum, Candida, and Cladosporium. Total hydrocarbon content ranged from 106 to 281mg/kg across the locations.  When compared with the control, it was observed that the microbial population and diversity were adversely affected. These variations observed in the microbial population are indicative of the effect of the illegal refinery on the soil microorganisms. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that the continuous contamination of the soil environment by the activities of illegal crude oil refining, lead to a decrease in microbial population and diversity. This may result in devastating ecological damage, adversely affecting the ecological balance which may affect food chain and in turn animals and humans.

Effect of piperacillin on morphology and viability of gram-negative bacteria

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
R. H. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Tube Dilution

Piperacillip (PIP) is b-[D(-)-α-(4-ethy1-2,3-dioxo-l-piperzinylcar-bonylamino)-α-phenylacetamido]-penicillanate. The broad spectrum semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotic is believed to effect bactericidal activity through its affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane that control elongation and septation during cell growth and division. The purpose of this study was to correlate penetration and binding of 14C-PIP in bacterial cells with drug-induced lethal changes assessed by microscopic, microbiologic and biochemical methods.The bacteria used were clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 1). Sensitivity to the drug was determined by serial tube dilution in Trypticase Soy Broth (BBL) at an inoculum of 104 organisms/ml; the minimum inhibitory concentration of piperacillin for both bacteria was 1 μg/ml. To assess drug binding to PBPs, the bacteria were incubated with 14C-PIP (5 μg/0.09 μCi/ml); controls, in drug-free medium.

Screening and antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of Clitoria ternatea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemavarapu Bhaskara Rao ◽  
Kandlagunta Guru Prasad ◽  
Krishna Naragani ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Muvva
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Primary Screening

The air dried rhizosphere soil samples pretreated with calcium carbonate was employed for the isolation of actinomycete strains. Serial dilution plate technique was used for the isolation of actinomycetes. A total of 20 actinomycete strains designated as BS1-BS20 were isolated from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant Clitoria ternatea. All the 20 strains were subjected to primary screening for antimicrobial activity. Among the 20 strains screened, 10 strains exhibited high antimicrobial spectrum against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

KEBERADAAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM FOSFATASE TANAH DAERAH PERAKARAN TANAMAN OBAT DARI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliasih Suliasih
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Serratia Rubidaea

A study was undertaken to investigate to occurance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples of medicine plants in Cibodas Botanical Garden. 13 soil samples of medicine plants are collected randomly The result shows that 71 isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated, and 10 species of these organism was identified as Azotobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Chromobacterium sp, C.violaceum, Citrobacter sp. , Enterobacter sp., E. liquefaciens. Nitrosomonas sp., Serratia rubidaea, Sphaerotillus natans. Azotobacter sp. And Bacillus sp. Are found in all of soil tested. Conversely, Serratia rubidaea is only in the sample from rhizosphere of Plantago mayor The activity of acid alkaline phosphatase in soil tested ranged from 0.78 – 60,18 ugp nitrophenole/g/h, with the higest values being recorded in soil sample from rhizosphere of “Lavender”.Keywords : phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil enzyme phosphatase

Production and use of monoclonal antibodies for identification of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Velez ◽  
J. D. Macmillan ◽  
L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera ◽  
Somatic Antigens

Thirteen murine hybridomas capable of producing monoclonal antibodies to somatic antigens on Bradyrhizobium japonicum were developed and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test reactivity of the antibodies against 20 strains of B. japonicum. Although polyclonal antisera from mice immunized with strains of B. japonicum reacted with bacterial cells of all 20 strains, individual monoclonals were more specific. Some antibodies reacted with as few as 2 and one with as many as 11 strains. On the basis of reactivity with the set of 13 monoclonal antibodies, the 20 strains of B. japonicum could be divided arbitrarily into five groups. Three of five monoclonal antibodies tested reacted with bacteroids taken directly from soybean nodules. One monoclonal bound to cells of five species of Rhizobium, but none of the 13 reacted with gram-negative bacteria representing six other genera. Treatment of cells with reagents and heat indicated the chemical nature of the antigens to five of the monoclonals. Antigen reactive with one antibody was destroyed by periodate oxidation indicating that it was a polysaccharide. Two antigens were probably proteins as they could be digested by trypsin and denatured by heat. Two others were inactivated by all three treatments suggesting they were glycoproteins.

scholarly journals Trace elements in aerial parts and rhizosphere of Thymus pannonicus All.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Arsenijević ◽  
Slavica Ražić ◽  
Zoran Maksimović ◽  
Svetlana Đogo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zinc Levels

AbstractThis paper brings out the results of the study on the levels of selected trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr) in aerial parts of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) and rhizosphere soil from twelve locations in Serbia. Prior to assays by flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, samples were subjected to microwave-assisted acid digestion. Real and potential acidity of soil samples were also measured. Obtained results for soil samples, although slightly higher for some elements (Cu: 12.38–45.18 mg/kg; Fe: 22102–46193 mg/kg; Mn: 776.95–4901.27 mg/kg; Zn: 62.27–214.02 mg/kg; Cr: 48.86–69.13 mg/kg), were found to fit into biogeochemical background. Element contents in plant samples differed depending on collecting site (Cu: 5.26–14.07 mg/kg; Fe: 25.92–1454.07 mg/kg; Mn: 89.29–278.25 mg/kg; Zn: 1.81–10.64 mg/kg; Cr: 1.11–3.51 mg/kg), which can be partly explainable by different nutrient availability influenced by soil acidity. Zinc levels in T. pannonicus were below expected and seem to be strongly influenced by plant physiological properties.

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