An Investigation for the Influence of People’s Contact Experiences with Mental Patients on Their Prejudice: Pursuing the Mediating Effect of a Sense of Social distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Gyuhyun Ho ◽  
Hwikwan Jung ◽  
Yesol Jeon ◽  
Minhae Song ◽  
SHIMAMORI SAYUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mental Patients

Race and attitudes toward police: the mediating effect of social distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joongyeup Lee ◽  
Jennifer C. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police

Purpose – Given the consistent finding in the literature that members of minority groups hold less favorable views of the police than white citizens, social distance may be an important, yet untested, mediator. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of social distance net of other established correlates. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of students attending a university in the northeastern USA completed an online survey in 2013. The survey was about their contact with the police, attitudes toward the police, and lifestyles, among others. Findings – Race, along with other predictors, significantly influenced confidence in police. However, race is the only factor that turns nonsignificant when social distance is included in the model. Mediation tests confirmed that social distance mediates the relationship between race and confidence in the police. Research limitations/implications – To maximize confidence in the police, administrators should focus on closing the social distance between the public and the police through initiatives like community policing. Originality/value – While there is extensive research on public attitudes toward the police, social distance has been neglected as a determinant, despite movements like community policing that promote citizens’ relational closeness to the police – that is, to decrease the social distance between police and the public. The current study would be an exploratory study and reference for future studies.

Attitude to and social distance from schizophrenic patients as forms of stigmatization, investigated by a group of medical professionals and a group of non-professional subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S571-S572
Author(s):  
G. Grbesa ◽  
M. Simonovic ◽  
M. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Distance Scale ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Social Distance Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

IntroductionThe attitude to schizophrenic patients has always been considered a significant indicator of stigmatization of mental patients. The social aspect of stigmatization involves the social distance when speaking about the attitudes towards mental patients. The social distance is defined as “a various degree of understanding and feelings existing among the groups”.ObjectivesThe investigation included 120 participants divided into two groups. The first group included 60 participants; psychiatrists (38) directly involved in treating schizophrenia and 28 nurses working in wards where schizophrenic patients were treated. The second group of 60 participants included non-professionals divided according to age and gender to match the experiment group.AimsInvestigating the correlation between the proclaimed attitudes to and social distance from schizophrenic patients: medical professionals and non-professional subjects.MethodsSemantic differential scale was used to examine the personal attitudes towards a stigmatized group. To examine social distance, the modified Bogardus Social was used.ResultsThe results obtained using the Semantic differential scale to examine the attitudes did not show statistically significant score difference between the two groups of patients Bogardus Social Distance Scale score showed statistically significant difference (P > 0.03). A significant score on the scale of social distance can be recognized in both psychiatry professionals and non-professionals.ConclusionStratification of items on the social distance scale shows a great social distance in the sphere of intimacy and slightly lower score on the level of social relations. The group having competent knowledge concerning the disease shows sophisticated way of hiding behind professional reasons.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Do Work Characteristics Mediate the Negative Effect of Transformational Leadership on Impaired Well-Being?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Sabine Gregersen ◽  
Albert Nienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Role Clarity

Abstract: In recent years, transformational leadership as a health-related factor has become a focal point of interest in research and practice. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying this association are not yet well understood. In order to gain knowledge on how or why transformational leadership and employee well-being are associated, we investigated the mediating effect of the work characteristics role clarity and predictability. The study was carried out on 618 employees working in the health-care sector in Germany. We tested the mediator effect using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that role clarity and predictability fully mediate the relation between transformational leadership and negative indicators of well-being. These results give credit to the notion that work characteristics play an important role in identifying health-relevant aspects of leadership behavior. Our findings advance the understanding of how to enhance employee well-being and have implications for the design of leadership-related interventions of workplace health promotion.

Specifying the Contact Hypothesis in a Minority-Minority Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Katriina Ihalainen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Basic Tenet

This survey study focused on the attitudes of Russian-speaking minority youth (N = 132) toward other immigrant groups living in Finland. Along with testing the basic tenet of the contact hypothesis in a minority-minority context, the mediating effect of intergroup anxiety and the moderating effect of perceived social norms on the contact-attitude association were specified by taking into account the identity processes involved in intergroup interactions. The results indicated, first, that the experience of intergroup anxiety evoked by a negative intergroup encounter was reflected in negative outgroup attitudes only among the weakly identified. Second, negative contact experiences of minority adolescents were found not to be reflected in negative attitudes when their ethnic identification was attenuated, and when they perceived positive norms regarding intergroup attitudes.

Seeing Similarity or Distance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Wilton ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lisa Giamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Intergroup Perceptions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Biracial individuals threaten the distinctiveness of racial groups because they have mixed-race ancestry, but recent findings suggest that exposure to biracial-labeled, racially ambiguous faces may positively influence intergroup perception by reducing essentialist thinking among Whites ( Young, Sanchez, & Wilton, 2013 ). However, biracial exposure may not lead to positive intergroup perceptions for Whites who are highly racially identified and thus motivated to preserve the social distance between racial groups. We exposed Whites to racially ambiguous Asian/White biracial faces and measured the perceived similarity between Asians and Whites. We found that exposure to racially ambiguous, biracial-labeled targets may improve perceptions of intergroup similarity, but only for Whites who are less racially identified. Results are discussed in terms of motivated intergroup perception.

Replication of Experiments Evaluating Impact of Psychological Distance on Moral Judgment

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris L. Žeželj ◽  
Biljana R. Jokić
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Opposite Conclusion ◽  
Moral Transgressions ◽  
Replication Of Experiments

Eyal, Liberman, and Trope (2008) established that people judged moral transgressions more harshly and virtuous acts more positively when the acts were psychologically distant than close. In a series of conceptual and direct replications, Gong and Medin (2012) came to the opposite conclusion. Attempting to resolve these inconsistencies, we conducted four high-powered replication studies in which we varied temporal distance (Studies 1 and 3), social distance (Study 2) or construal level (Study 4), and registered their impact on moral judgment. We found no systematic effect of temporal distance, the effect of social distance consistent with Eyal et al., and the reversed effect of direct construal level manipulation, consistent with Gong and Medin. Possible explanations for the incompatible results are discussed.

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