scholarly journals Los constreñimientos del desarrollo y su papel causal en la evolución

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Developmental Constraint ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
The Way

RESUMENEn este artículo defiendo la necesidad de reformular los conceptos de constreñimiento del desarrollo y variación a la luz de trabajos empíricos y teóricos recientes. Argumento que la noción de variación refiere a esquemas establecidos en otras épocas y que deben ser reconsiderados siguiendo los aportes de la biología del desarrollo. La variación no sería irrestricta sino restringida y condicionada. Esta reforma del concepto de variación coincide con una reforma del concepto de constreñimiento: los constreñimientos son un factor causal positivo en la evolución, en contraposición a como son usualmente entendidos en la biología.PALABRAS CLAVECONSTREÑIMIENTOS, VARIACIÓN, GENES HOX, MORFOGÉNESIS, EVODEVOABSTRACTIn this paper I propose a revision of the concepts of developmental constraints and variation, in the light of recent empirical and theoretical works. I argue that the concept of variation evokes schemes established in other times that need to be reconsidered due to the contributions of developmental biology; variation is not unrestricted but biased. This conceptual reform of variation goes hand in hand with a reformulation of the concept of developmental constraint: constraints are a positive causal factor in evolution, in contrast with the way they are usually understood in biology.KEYWORDSCONSTRAINTS, VARIATION, HOX GENES, MORPHOGENETICS, EVODEVO

scholarly journals Cost of autotomy drives ontogenetic switching of anti-predator mechanisms under developmental constraints in a land snail

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1748) ◽  
pp. 4811-4816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Hoso
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Developmental Constraint ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Snake Range ◽  
In The Wild

Autotomy of body parts offers various prey animals immediate benefits of survival in compensation for considerable costs. I found that a land snail Satsuma caliginosa of populations coexisting with a snail-eating snake Pareas iwasakii survived the snake predation by autotomizing its foot, whereas those out of the snake range rarely survived. Regeneration of a lost foot completed in a few weeks but imposed a delay of shell growth. Imprints of autotomy were found in greater than 10 per cent of S. caliginosa in the snake range but in only less than 1 per cent out of it, simultaneously demonstrating intense predation by the snakes and high efficiency of autotomy for surviving snake predation in the wild. However, in experiments, mature S. caliginosa performed autotomy less frequently. Instead of the costly autotomy, they can use defensive denticles on the inside of their shell apertures. Owing to the constraints from the additive growth of shells, most pulmonate snails can produce these denticles only when they have fully grown up. Thus, this developmental constraint limits the availability of the modified aperture, resulting in ontogenetic switching of the alternative defences. This study illustrates how costs of adaptation operate in the evolution of life-history strategies under developmental constraints

scholarly journals Phyllotaxis as geometric canalization during plant development

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (19) ◽  
pp. dev165878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Godin ◽  
Christophe Golé ◽  
Stéphane Douady
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Universal Constraint ◽  
Symmetric Patterns

ABSTRACTWhy living forms develop in a relatively robust manner, despite various sources of internal or external variability, is a fundamental question in developmental biology. Part of the answer relies on the notion of developmental constraints: at any stage of ontogenesis, morphogenetic processes are constrained to operate within the context of the current organism being built. One such universal constraint is the shape of the organism itself, which progressively channels the development of the organism toward its final shape. Here, we illustrate this notion with plants, where strikingly symmetric patterns (phyllotaxis) are formed by lateral organs. This Hypothesis article aims first to provide an accessible overview of phyllotaxis, and second to argue that the spiral patterns in plants are progressively canalized from local interactions of nascent organs. The relative uniformity of the organogenesis process across all plants then explains the prevalence of certain patterns in plants, i.e. Fibonacci phyllotaxis.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Possible New Roles for HOX Genes

Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 278 (5345) ◽  
pp. 1882-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Hox Genes

scholarly journals Sequenced genomes and rapidly emerging technologies pave the way for conifer evolutionary developmental biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Uddenberg ◽  
Shirin Akhter ◽  
Prashanth Ramachandran ◽  
Jens F. Sundström ◽  
Annelie Carlsbecker
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
The Way

Why we have (only) five fingers per hand: hox genes and the evolution of paired limbs

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Tabin
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Developmental Constraint ◽  
Limb Morphogenesis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Embryonic Limb ◽  
Limb Pattern ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Limb development has long been a model system for studying vertebrate pattern formation. The advent of molecular biology has allowed the identification of some of the key genes that regulate limb morphogenesis. One important class of such genes are the homeobox-containing, or Hox genes. Understanding of the roles these genes play in development additionally provides insights into the evolution of limb pattern. Hox gene expression patterns divide the embryonic limb bud into five sectors along the anterior/posterior axis. The expression of specific Hox genes in each domain specifies the developmental fate of that region. Because there are only five distinct Hox-encoded domains across the limb bud there is a developmental constraint prohibiting the evolution of more than five different types of digits. The expression patterns of Hox genes in modern embryonic limb buds also gives clues to the shape of the ancestral fin field from which the limb evolved, hence elucidating the evolution of the tetrapod limb.

Reconstruction from serial sections: A tool for developmental biology. Application to Hox genes expression in chicken wing buds

Bioimaging ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J‐C Olivo ◽  
J‐C Izpisúa‐Belmonte ◽  
C Tickle ◽  
C Boulin ◽  
D Duboule
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Genes Expression

Packaging development: how chromatin controls transcription in zebrafish embryogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Developmental Gene ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Developmental Gene Expression ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis ◽  
The Way

Abstract How developmental gene expression is activated, co-ordinated and maintained is one of the biggest questions in developmental biology. While transcription factors lead the way in directing developmental gene expression, their accessibility to the correct repertoire of genes can depend on other factors such as DNA methylation, the presence of particular histone variants and post-translational modifications of histones. Collectively, factors that modify DNA or affect its packaging and accessibility contribute to a chromatin landscape that helps to control the timely expression of developmental genes. Zebrafish, perhaps better known for their strength as a model of embryology and organogenesis during development, are coming to the fore as a powerful model for interpreting the role played by chromatin in gene expression. Several recent advances have shown that zebrafish exhibit both similarities and differences to other models (and humans) in the way that they employ chromatin mechanisms of gene regulation. Here, I review how chromatin influences developmental transcriptional programmes during early zebrafish development, patterning and organogenesis. Lastly, I briefly highlight the importance of zebrafish chromatin research towards the understanding of human disease and transgenerational inheritance.

L'OMOLOGIA RIVISITATA

Nuncius ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-200
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRO MINELLI
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Serial Homology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Shaky Ground

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Many different and even contrasting notions of homology have been proposed over two centuries of comparative biology, beginning with the initial reference to idealised archetypes, down to the current concepts based on derivation from a common ancestor, or on shared developmental pathways or genetic (more extensively, informational) background. Select anatomical features such as the patterns of innervation, or the expression patterns of genes putatively involved in key developmental events, e.g. the Hox genes, have been repeatedly suggested as the most reliable cues to homology. This confidence, however, rests on shaky ground and results are never certain. Recent work in comparative morphology and evolutionary developmental biology increasingly suggests the need to abandon the traditional all-or-nothing notion of homology, in favour of a more flexible, factorial or combinatorial approach. In this way it will be possible to accommodate within one broad comparative view, respectful of phylogeny and developmental biology alike, many disparate notions such as positional and special homology, serial homology and temporal serial homology. All statements of homology, however, will thus require adequate qualification of the context specifically taken in consideration and the criteria used to address the comparison. It remains to be seen, in the near future, how far the old concept of homology, now under the burden of so many and so different notions, will still be of use to comparative biology.

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