Freshwater Reservoir Offsets Investigated Through Paired Human-Faunal14C Dating and Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis at Lake Baikal, Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick J Schulting ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Vladimir I Bazaliiskii ◽  
Olga I Goriunova ◽  
Andrzej Weber
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

Thirty-three paired accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on human and terrestrial faunal remains from the same Neolithic and Early Bronze Age graves are used to develop a correction for the freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) at Lake Baikal, Siberia. Excluding two outliers, stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values show a positive correlation(r2= 0.672,p< 0.000) with offsets in14C yr between paired human and fauna determinations. The highest offset observed in our data set is 622 yr, which is close to the value of ∼700 yr suggested for endemic seals in the lake. For each per mil increase in δ15N, the offset increases by 77 ± 10 yr in the overall data set. However, there are indications that different regression models apply in each of two microregions of Cis-Baikal. In the first, sites on the southwest shore of the lake and along the Angara River show a strong positive correlation between δ15N values and offsets in14C yr (r2= 0.814,p< 0.000). In the other, the Little Sea, both δ13C and δ15N values make significant contributions to the model (adjustedr2= 0.878; δ13Cp< 0.001; δ15Np< 0.000). This can be related to the complex13C ecology of the lake, which displays one of the widest ranges of δ13C values known for any natural ecosystem. The results will be important in terms of refining the culture-history of the region, as well as exploring the dynamic interactions of hunter-gatherer communities both synchronically and diachronically.

Highly Variable Freshwater Reservoir Offsets Found along the Upper Lena Watershed, Cis-Baikal, Southeast Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick J Schulting ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Vladimir I Bazaliiskii ◽  
Andrzej Weber
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
River System ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

A program of paired dating of human and faunal remains on a sample of 11 prehistoric (Mesolithic/Neolithic to Early Bronze Age) graves in the Upper Lena basin, southeast Siberia, was initiated to investigate the freshwater reservoir effect (FRE). The results show the presence of a substantial but highly variable offset, ranging from 255 to 101014C yr. In contrast to previous studies centered on Lake Baikal and the Angara River, human stable nitrogen isotope values show little or no correlation with the radiocarbon offset, despite the clear trophic differences seen in δ15N between terrestrial and aquatic sources of protein in the region's isotope ecology. However, stable carbon isotope measurements show a moderate negative correlation of some predictive value (r= −0.70,p= 0.016,df= 10). Two different regression equations have been calculated, the first using human δ13C values for the entire data set (r2= 0.49) and the second, using both δ13C and δ15N values, limited to the Early Bronze Age of the southern Upper Lena (r2= 0.84,p= 0.030,df= 5). The source of the old carbon in the Upper Lena River system is not clear. While the river flows over carbonate bedrock and is moderately alkaline, we suggest that old terrestrial carbon entering the riverine foodweb through bank erosion and other processes is a more likely candidate for the majority of the14C offset.

scholarly journals Chronology of the Neolithic Ceramics of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia: Basic Ideas and New Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
I. M. Berdnikov ◽  
◽  
O. I. Goriunova ◽  
A. G. Novikov ◽  
N. E. Berdnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Technical Assessment

There are two main research areas in the Neolithic studies of the Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. One of them relates to research of mortuary traditions, another with a research of hunter-gatherer’s campsites. Ceramics is of the greatest importance for the cultural identification of campsites complexes. As a result of the Canadian-Russian project, for the Neolithic burials a clear chronological model based on AMS radiocarbon dates corrected for the freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) was created. There are several hypotheses for ceramic complexes that were proposed, but all of them predominantly were based on the radiocarbon dates obtained by the liquid scintillation counting method. This data cannot be admitted as reliable because of the limitation of this method, the big root-mean-square deviation, and the lack of data on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Over the past few years, we have received in the Keck-CCAMS Group and Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit laboratories 35 new AMS-radiocarbon dates for the complexes with Neolithic ceramics. Samples taken for analyses were obtained from the 14 multilayered sites of the Angara region, Tunka valley, and Lake Baikal coast. They are represented by fragments of teeth, bones, and horns of the mammals (predominantly Cervidae and large ungulates) that accompanied pottery in cultural horizons. In five cases the carbonized organic residues (foodcrusts) from the inner surface of ceramic vessels were used as samples. In one more case, it was a strong humified soil cleaned from impurities. The technical assessment of the reliability of all dates was provided. The definitions obtained for faunal remains look the most correct. Dates obtained for foodcrust are likely significantly older, because of possible FRE influence. The geoarchaeological assessment of new dates and their correlation with the most reliable dates of previous years is provided. Based on the AMC-dating, the following chronometric frames for the Neolithic pottery of the Baikal-Yenisei Siberia are offered: Early Neolithic Net-impressed and the Khaita ceramics in the Angara region – 8539–6914 cal BP, on the Lake Baikal coast – 8160–6960 cal BP, in the Tunka valley – 7843–7681 cal BP; Ust-Belaya ceramics in the Northern Angara region – 7421–7014 cal BP (perhaps the real age is younger), in the Southern Angara region – 6730–6306 cal BP; Posolskaya ceramics on the Lake Baikal coast – 6750–6300 cal BP, in the Southern Angara region – 6730–6306 cal BP; Serovo and Dotted-comb ceramics on the Lake Baikal coast – 5841–4620 cal BP.

New AMS Dates for Verteba Cave and Stable Isotope Evidence of Human Diet in The Holocene Forest-Steppe, Ukraine

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H Ledogar ◽  
Jordan K Karsten ◽  
Gwyn D Madden ◽  
Ryan Schmidt ◽  
Mykhailo P Sokohatskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

ABSTRACTExcavations at several locations in Verteba Cave have uncovered a large amount of human skeletal remains in association with faunal bones and Tripolye material culture. We aim to establish radiocarbon (14C) dates for eight sites and to evaluate whether these deposits are singular events, or slow accumulations over time.14C measurements, along with stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from human and faunal remains, were collected from 18 specimens. Stable isotope values were used to evaluate human and animal diet, and whether freshwater reservoir effects offset measured dates. We found diets of the sampled species had limited to no influence from freshwater resources. Human diet appears to be dominated by terrestrial plants and herbivores. Four new sites were identified as Eneolithic. Comparisons of dates from top and bottom strata for two sites (7 and 20) reveal coeval dates, and we suggest that these deposits represent discrete events rather than slow continuous use. Lastly, we identified dates from the Mesolithic (8490±45 BP, 8765±30 BP), Iron Age (2505±20 BP), Slavic state era (1315±25 BP), and Medieval Period (585±15 BP), demonstrating periodic use of the cave by humans prior to and after the Eneolithic.

scholarly journals Trends in Prokaryotic Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Closely Related Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel S. Novichkov ◽  
Yuri I. Wolf ◽  
Inna Dubchak ◽  
Eugene V. Koonin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genome Rearrangement ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Correlation

ABSTRACT In order to explore microevolutionary trends in bacteria and archaea, we constructed a data set of 41 alignable tight genome clusters (ATGCs). We show that the ratio of the medians of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) that is used as a measure of the purifying selection pressure on protein sequences is a stable characteristic of the ATGCs. In agreement with previous findings, parasitic bacteria, notwithstanding the sometimes dramatic genome shrinkage caused by gene loss, are typically subjected to relatively weak purifying selection, presumably owing to relatively small effective population sizes and frequent bottlenecks. However, no evidence of genome streamlining caused by strong selective pressure was found in any of the ATGCs. On the contrary, a significant positive correlation between the genome size, as well as gene size, and selective pressure was observed, although a variety of free-living prokaryotes with very close selective pressures span nearly the entire range of genome sizes. In addition, we examined the connections between the sequence evolution rate and other genomic features. Although gene order changes much faster than protein sequences during the evolution of prokaryotes, a strong positive correlation was observed between the “rearrangement distance” and the amino acid distance, suggesting that at least some of the events leading to genome rearrangement are subjected to the same type of selective constraints as the evolution of amino acid sequences.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dates from Neolithic and Bronze Age Hunter-Gatherer Cemeteries in the Cis-Baikal Region of Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej W Weber ◽  
Roelf P Beukens ◽  
Vladimir I Bazaliiskii ◽  
Olga I Goriunova ◽  
Nikolai A Savel'ev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Entire Data

Extensive radiocarbon dating of human remains from Neolithic and Bronze Age hunter-gatherer cemeteries in the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia has been undertaken as a part of the multidisciplinary examination of this material conducted by the Baikal Archaeology Project (BAP; http://baikal.arts.ualberta.ca). Due to the large number of analyzed samples, this paper reports the 14C results only in the context of the basic archaeological information about each of the cemeteries. Comprehensive evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of this entire data set will be undertaken in separate publications. In fact, the dates for one such cemetery have already been examined on 2 recent occasions (Weber et al. 2004, 2005).

Radiocarbon Dates and Stable Isotope Data from the Early Bronze Age Burials in Riigiküla I and Kivisaare Settlement Sites, Estonia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Tõrv ◽  
John Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Relationship Of

Four inhumations from Kivisaare and Riigiküla I settlement and burial sites were dated in the course of a project about hunter-gatherer mortuary practices in Estonia, as they were believed to belong to the Stone Age. However, these burials appear to be Early Bronze Age inhumations instead, and thus are discussed separately in the present article. These burials are the first evidence in Estonia of a long-lasting tradition of inhumations without any visible aboveground structures. As the archaeology of the Early Bronze Age in Estonia is poorly known, these four inhumations contribute immensely to our understanding about this time period. Moreover, stable isotope values show that these people had a more terrestrial subsistence strategy than Stone Age hunter-gatherers. Nevertheless, aquatic resources were probably still significant components of their diet, particularly at Kivisaare, and the radiocarbon dates could therefore be subject to significant freshwater reservoir effects. This creates ambiguity in the chronological relationship of these four individuals to burials in stone-cist graves, which are attributed to the Late Bronze Age and which appear to be associated with fully agricultural communities.

scholarly journals Analyzing Radiocarbon Reservoir Offsets Through Stable Nitrogen Isotopes and Bayesian Modeling: A Case Study Using Paired Human and Faunal Remains from the Cis-Baikal Region, Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Rick Schulting ◽  
Olga I Goriunova ◽  
Vladimir I Bazaliiskii ◽  
Andrzej W Weber
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

Dietary offsets in radiocarbon dates are becoming increasingly interesting to researchers, not only because of their impact on the reliability of chronologies but also because of the possibilities for extracting further dietary information from the14C data itself. This is the case with the cemeteries of the Cis-Baikal region being studied as part of the international Baikal-Hokkaido Archaeology Project set up to examine hunter-gatherer cultural dynamics in eastern Asia. Fortunately, to control for a freshwater reservoir offset, we were able to obtain a number of paired terrestrial herbivore and human material for14C dating. This article tests the correspondence between stable isotope evidence and the offsets seen in14C values and the implications for the analysis of the14C measurements as “chronometric dates.” This is an unusually well-documented example of freshwater reservoir offsets, providing an ideal case study to test different approaches to analyzing such offset information. Here, a purely Bayesian approach is compared with the more frequently applied linear regression analysis.

scholarly journals Korelasi Hemoglobin A1c dengan Hemoglobin dan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus Penderita Diabetes dengan dan tanpa Komplikasi Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srilaning Driyah ◽  
Julianty Pradono
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Weak Positive Correlation ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic disease and can cause complications, one of which is decreased kidney function. Anemia is a complication of T2DM, especially if it is accompanied by renal disorders. The aim of this study was to show the relationship between HbA1c and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in T2DM respondents with and without complications of chronic renal failure (CRF). This study used a subset of the Non-Communicable Diseases cohort data set by the Center for Public Health Efforts in Central Bogor sub-district, Bogor City. The research design was an analytic observational study. Respondents were all T2DM with complete data as much as 303 people. The respondents diagnosed based on the results of previous blood sugar tests. The inclusion criteria were people with T2DM who had complete data (HBA1c, Hb, HCT, and creatinine). Bivariate analysis between the dependent variable (T2DM with or without CRF) and the independent variable (HbA1c, Hb, HCT, creatinine, and LFG) used the Spearman correlation. The results showed a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and Hb (r = 0,66, p<0,05) and HCT (r = 0,67, p<0,05)in T2DM respondents with CRF, but there is no correlation between HbA1c and creatinine and LFG. In T2DM without CRF there is a weak positive correlation between HbA1c and Hb (r = 0,26, p<0,05) and HCT (r = 0,21, p<0,05), a negative correlation between HbA1c and creatinine (r = -0,29, p<0,05), and there is a weak positive correlation between HbA1c and LFG (r = 0,24, p<0,05 ). The conclusion is that controlling blood sugar by examining HbA1c levels shows a strong positive correlation with Hb levels and HCT in T2DM with CRF and a weak negative correlation with LFG in T2DM without CRF. This difference is not in accordance with the existing theory Abstrak  Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit kronik dan dapat menimbulkan komplikasi, salah satunya adalah penurunan fungsi ginjal. Anemia merupakan komplikasi DMT2 khususnya jika disertai gangguan renal. Tujuan penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) dengan hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (HCT), kreatinin, dan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) pada responden DMT2 dengan dan tanpa komplikasi gagal ginjal kronik (GGK). Penelitian ini menggunakan subset data kohor penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang dilakukan oleh Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian adalah studi observasional analitik. Responden adalah semua penderita DMT2 dengan data lengkap sebanyak 303 orang yang didiagnosis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sebelumnya. Kriteria inklusi adalah penderita DMT2 yang memiliki data lengkap (HbA1c, Hb, HCT, dan kreatinin). Analisis bivariat antara variabel dependen (DMT2 dengan atau tanpa GGK) dengan variabel independen (HbA1c, Hb, HCT, kreatinin dan LFG) mengunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada responden DMT2 dengan GGK terdapat korelasi positif yang kuat antara HbA1c dengan Hb (r = 0,66, p<0,05) dan HCT (r = 0,67, p<.0,05). Sedangkan HbA1c dengan kreatin dan LFG tidak terdapat korelasi. Pada DMT2 tanpa GGK terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara HbA1c dengan Hb (r = 0,26, p<0,05 ) dan HCT (r = 0,21, p<0,05), terjadi korelasi negatif antara HbA1c dengan kreatinin sebesar (r = -0,29, p<0,05), dan terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara HbA1c dengan LFG ( r = 0,24, p<0,05 ). Simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah pengontrolan gula darah dengan pemeriksaan kadar HbA1c menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat dengan kadar Hb dan HCT pada DMT2 dengan GGK dan korelasi negatif lemah dengan LFG pada DMT2 tanpa GGK. Perbedaan tersebut belum sesuai teori yang ada.

scholarly journals Analyzing Radiocarbon Reservoir Offsets Through Stable Nitrogen Isotopes and Bayesian Modeling: A Case Study Using Paired Human and Faunal Remains from the Cis-Baikal Region, Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Rick Schulting ◽  
Olga I Goriunova ◽  
Vladimir I Bazaliiskii ◽  
Andrzej W Weber
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

Dietary offsets in radiocarbon dates are becoming increasingly interesting to researchers, not only because of their impact on the reliability of chronologies but also because of the possibilities for extracting further dietary information from the14C data itself. This is the case with the cemeteries of the Cis-Baikal region being studied as part of the international Baikal-Hokkaido Archaeology Project set up to examine hunter-gatherer cultural dynamics in eastern Asia. Fortunately, to control for a freshwater reservoir offset, we were able to obtain a number of paired terrestrial herbivore and human material for14C dating. This article tests the correspondence between stable isotope evidence and the offsets seen in14C values and the implications for the analysis of the14C measurements as “chronometric dates.” This is an unusually well-documented example of freshwater reservoir offsets, providing an ideal case study to test different approaches to analyzing such offset information. Here, a purely Bayesian approach is compared with the more frequently applied linear regression analysis.

scholarly journals Jade Artifacts from Bronze Age Cemeteries in the Cis-Olkhon Area, the Western Coast of Lake Baikal

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
O I. Goriunova ◽  
A. G. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Eastern Sayan ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

This study describes all known 150 jade items from ten Early Bronze Age cemeteries on the western coast of Lake Baikal. Although the outcrops of jade are located far away, the material was widely used. Green jade was employed for making tools, whereas ornaments were made of white or light-colored jade. The choice was motivated by durability, color, translucency, and rarity. Binocular microscopy was used to reconstruct manufacturing technologies. Most artifacts belong to the Glazkovo culture. Calibrated radiocarbon dates of burials with jade items, corrected for the reservoir effect, fall within the 4597–3726 BP interval. Results of the mineralogical analysis indicate two remote sources––the Eastern Sayan Range and the Middle Vitim Highland.

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