scholarly journals Oil, Power and Social Differentiation: A Political Ecology of Hydrocarbon Extraction in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Scalar Analysis ◽  
Hydrocarbon Extraction

While there is a voluminous scholarship focused on the nexus between resource extraction and development, the issue of how the harms and benefits of extraction are differentiated among several stakeholders based on factors such as their access to power, authority over decision-making, social status, and gender require further examination. This paper combines theoretical insights from assemblage thinking and political ecology to unpack the intertwined range of actors, networks, and structures of power that inform the differentiated benefits and harms of hydrocarbon extraction in Ghana. It can be observed from this study that power serves as a crucial ingredient in understanding relations among social groups, including purported beneficiaries of extractive activities, and other actors that constitute the networked hydrocarbon industry. Scale also reveals the relational nature of the different levels (i.e. global, national, sub-national, local) at which the socio-ecological ‘goods’ and ‘bads’ of hydrocarbon extraction become manifest. Based on these findings, the paper contributes to ongoing scholarly and policy discussions around extractivism by showing how a multi-scalar analysis reveals a more complex picture of the distributional politics, power asymmetry, and injustice that underpin resource extraction.

Getting to a Utopian World Beyond Gender

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Utopian Vision ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Different Levels

This final chapter suggests that the incompatibilities of expectations and realities at different levels of the gender structure create “crises tendencies” that may provide leverage that future activists can use to push for social change. While some contemporary social movements agitating for a more feminist and gender inclusive society appear to conflict with each other, Risman argues that using a gender structure framework allows seemingly contradictory feminist and gender inclusive movements to understood they are not alternatives but rather a tapestry, each one taking aim at a different level of our complex gender structure. The chapter concludes with a utopian vision: a call for a fourth wave of feminism to dismantle the gender structure. Since the gender structure constrains freedom, to move toward a more just future we must leave it behind.

Gender minority youth: Shifting the paradigm from risk to resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vaughan ◽  
A Költő ◽  
D Ravikumar ◽  
C Kelly ◽  
S Nic Gabhainn
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Discourse on the lives, health, and well-being of transgender and other gender minority (TGM) youth frequently revolves around narratives of risk and victimisation. While TGM youth undeniably face many challenges, such singular discourses belie a more complex picture of TGM youth lives and problematically position them as passive victims rather than as social subjects with agency. Methods The “LGBTI+ Landscape and Knowledge Gap Analysis” aimed to systematically map research evidence on sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth in Ireland and other European countries. A scoping review methodology was employed in which the systematic concept searches were linked to the five outcomes of Ireland's Better Outcomes, Better Futures national youth policy framework, which in turn are aligned with the fifteen objectives of the Irish LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy. Results One hundred and twenty-six pieces of evidence were included in the final sample for analysis, which were mapped to the fifteen objectives of the National Youth Strategy. Particular attention was given to the positive aspects and protective factors identified throughout the literature. The evidence showed that while TGM youth disproportionately experience stigma, discrimination and unequal health outcomes, there were sources of resilience at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels that serve as protective factors against health inequalities. Conclusions Discourse that focuses exclusively on the ‘at-riskness' of trans and gender minority young people presents a one-dimensional perspective that fails to capture the reality and richness of their lives. Over-emphasising individual risk factors may obscure the structural and social factors that underpin the health inequalities experienced by TGM youth.

Hohokam Political Ecology and Vulnerability: Comments on Waters and Ravesloot

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Ensor ◽  
Marisa O. Ensor ◽  
Gregory W. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Channel Change ◽  
Channel Changes ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
River Channel Change

Waters and Ravesloot (2001) test the assumption that natural river channel change caused periods of Hohokam cultural reorganization. However, they conclude that channel changes did not correlate with all periods and areas of significant cultural changes and that landscape alone cannot explain Hohokam transformations. An anthropological perspective on political ecology and disasters can explain why environmental processes and events differentially impact societies, differentially impact societies diachronically and differentially impact social groups within societies. We suggest that this perspective may explain the variability described by Waters and Ravesloot.

Abstract 425: Is Adventitial Thickening a Pathogenic Factor in Aortic Atherosclerosis?: A Controlled Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis P Roldan ◽  
Paola C Roldan ◽  
Brennan N Gibbs ◽  
Richard Snider ◽  
Michelle D Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Pathogenic Factor ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Aortic (Ao) atherosclerosis is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is best assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and is characterized by increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques. Although TEE may also allow characterization of Ao adventitial thickness (AT), there is limited data on the pathogenic role of adventitial thickening in Ao atherosclerosis. Methods: 68 SLE patients (62 women, age 36 ± 12 years) and 25 age-and-gender matched healthy controls (22 women, age 34 ± 11 years) underwent multiplane TEE. At a depth of 3-4 cm using narrow sector scan, 2-dimensional guided M-mode images were obtained to assess the presence of plaques, IMT outside of plaques, AT outside of plaques, and AT in plaques at three different levels of the thoracic Ao (proximal, mid, distal). At each aortic level, 3 IMT and 3 AT measurements were taken during end diastole using electronic calipers. These measurements were then averaged. Unaware of subjects’ clinical data, one observer assessed for IMT and plaques while a second observer assessed AT. For purpose of analysis, intima-media thickening was defined as >1 mm which is >2SD above the corresponding overall mean IMT in controls (0.66 ± 0.17 mm), and adventitial thickening as >1.07 mm which is >2SD above the corresponding overall mean AT in controls (0.81 ± 0.13 mm). Plaques were defined as focal-protruding IMT >50% of the surrounding vessel wall at any aortic level. Results: As shown in Table 1A, intima-media thickening and plaques were greater in patients than in controls. Similarly, adventitial thickening was more common in patients than in controls. In addition, AT was greater in patients with intima media thickening, plaques, and intima-media thickening or plaques ( Table 1B) . Furthermore, AT was greater in plaques than AT outside of plaques ( Table 1C ). Conclusion: Adventitial thickening is a pathogenic factor of Ao atherosclerosis in SLE.

America as Ambivalent Superpower in Recent Mexican, Australian, and Chinese Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Christian Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Media ◽  
Propaganda Model ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Media ◽  
And Gender

America as a superpower is alleged to be able to set the news agenda through framing devices that even foreign media often mimics. A noteworthy theory explaining how this agenda is set is given by E.S. Hermann and Noam Chomsky in their propaganda model (PM). The PM model would assume educated elites in the US and in other comparable states (like China) will simply reiterate the framing narrative given by a state. Five films from non-American directors are selected and several issues the state has a consensus on are used (immigration, Iraq) to test the PM. In only three cases was the PM confirmed and even in those not for the reasons given by Hermann and Chomsky. In two cases the PM was moderately disconfirmed. While the PM is a valuable model, it needs refinement by taking more seriously how ideas by social groups in society such as feminism and gender equality complicate the agenda of the state. The conclusion makes recommendations how the PM can be better built to examine how non-Americans view America through film and the mass media.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Caroline Mezger
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Ethnic Germans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter introduces the book’s key themes, historiographic framework, and research questions. It situates the book at the confluence of studies on National Socialism from a transnational and comparative perspective, experiences of Axis occupation during World War II, minorities and borderland nationalism in Central and Southeastern Europe, and the history of childhood and youth. Upon providing a brief historic overview of the ethnic Germans (Donauschwaben) in northern Yugoslavia’s Vojvodina and outlining the book’s key historiographic contributions, it reflects on the book’s multiscalar approach of interweaving archival, press, and original oral history sources to juxtapose and intertwine different levels of analysis. The chapter suggests that studying childhood and youth mobilization enables insight into larger historic conundrums, such as the interplay between categories like age, (ascribed) nationality, and gender in shaping historical experiences; the interaction between nationalizing forces “from above” and the lived, subjective experience of nationality “from below”; and questions of individual and collective agency in contexts of occupation and war. It presents the book’s main argument, that children and youth confronted with nationalizing projects themselves became agents of nationalization.

Racial Exclusion and Queer Identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-264
Author(s):  
Shaeleya Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
And Gender

In lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) social movement communities, members with varied sexual and gender identities work to pursue shared goals. While gender and sexual marginalization serve as common rallying points for members, intersectionality theory recognizes that each person has multiple, intersecting identities, which influence their experiences of oppression and empowerment (Crenshaw 1989). As a result, it is important to understand how LGBTQ activists navigate multiple identities and investments, while still maintaining group solidarity. Using 53 interviews with non-heterosexuals, I examine how multiple sexual, gender, and racial identities were subsumed within a broader "queer community" group engaged in identity-verification among their peers. Based on the findings, I suggest that inclusive ideologies, when deployed in diverse social movement communities, can reproduce inequalities from within. Furthermore, I argue that these inequalities are made visible through the processes by which members of social groups engage in struggles to verify group membership.

scholarly journals Beyond Symptoms: Race and Gender Predict Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vanderminden ◽  
Jennifer J. Esala
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Sociology Of Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive

Research shows an unequal distribution of anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses across social groups. Bridging stress process theory and the sociology of diagnosis and drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine inequity in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms versus diagnosis across social groups (the “symptom-to-diagnoses gap”). Bivariate findings suggest that while several disadvantaged groups are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, they are not more likely to receive a diagnosis. Multivariate results indicate that after controlling for anxiety symptoms: (1) Being female still predicts an anxiety disorder diagnosis, and (2) Native American, white, and Hispanic/Latino respondents are more likely than black respondents to receive an anxiety disorder diagnosis. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of race and gender bias in diagnosis and the health trajectories for persons with undiagnosed anxiety disorders.

Examining the Effect of Ineffective Parenting and Low Self-Control on Athletes’ PED Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-447
Author(s):  
Saeed Kabiri ◽  
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat ◽  
Christopher M. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Different Levels

The prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use at different levels of professional sport has become an important social issue, particularly when considering recent high-profile incidents from professional sports and the Olympics. Due to the myriad of individual, team, and sociopolitical consequences that can stem from PED use, it becomes critical to study the etiology of PED involvement among athletes regarding this deviant behavior. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime is one such theory that may aid in explaining this phenomenon. As such, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between effective parenting, self-control, and athletes’ use of banned PEDs. Survey data from 784 professional athletes in Iran were collected, and the findings indicated that ineffective parenting, low self-control capacity, and self-control desire had significant effects on PED use. In addition, moderation effects and gender analyses were examined. Specific findings, policy implications, and study limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Scalar fixes of environmental management in Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C Lukas ◽  
Michael Flitner
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Environmental Narratives ◽  
Segara Anakan Lagoon ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Cultural And Political Ecology ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Scalar Analysis

This paper analyses the emergence and fixing of scales in struggles over environmental issues. Using the example of watershed and coastal management in Java, we show how political framings of environmental matters and struggles over resources are linked to scalar regimes. We conceptualise these regimes as scalar fixes in which scales of intervention and scales of knowledge production are bound by environmental narratives and social–ecological processes to produce lock-in effects for prolonged periods of time. In our empirical case, particular scales were central in providing ‘problem closure’ and legitimising interventions while precluding other problematisations. Sedimentation of the Segara Anakan lagoon, first desired to support conversion into a rice bowl, was later framed as threat caused by upland peasants. The lock-in of interpretive framings and scales of observation and intervention, which was linked to politics of forest control, impeded debate on the various causes of sedimentation. With our newly defined concept of scalar fixes we contribute to understanding environmental narratives and related knowledge, providing a complement to the micro-perspectives on the stabilisation of knowledge claims currently discussed in cultural and political ecology. In doing so, we offer an approach to scalar analysis of environmental conflicts linking environmental narratives with the material social–ecological processes enrolled.

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