America as Ambivalent Superpower in Recent Mexican, Australian, and Chinese Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Christian Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Media ◽  
Propaganda Model ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Media ◽  
And Gender

America as a superpower is alleged to be able to set the news agenda through framing devices that even foreign media often mimics. A noteworthy theory explaining how this agenda is set is given by E.S. Hermann and Noam Chomsky in their propaganda model (PM). The PM model would assume educated elites in the US and in other comparable states (like China) will simply reiterate the framing narrative given by a state. Five films from non-American directors are selected and several issues the state has a consensus on are used (immigration, Iraq) to test the PM. In only three cases was the PM confirmed and even in those not for the reasons given by Hermann and Chomsky. In two cases the PM was moderately disconfirmed. While the PM is a valuable model, it needs refinement by taking more seriously how ideas by social groups in society such as feminism and gender equality complicate the agenda of the state. The conclusion makes recommendations how the PM can be better built to examine how non-Americans view America through film and the mass media.

Chomsky’s Discourse on US Foreign Policy, Media and Human Rights Interface: Implications to Indian Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashok Antony D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Propaganda Model ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
The Us

The United States (US) is usually thought of as a nation representing freedom, democracy and human rights. However, as shown by Noam Chomsky and a few others, the US has turned out to be the most dominant imperialist nation as it is a ‘super power’ with immense political and economic clout. The US has been involved in human rights’ violations, Chomsky claims, with an intention of capturing markets for its goods and services, but has been successful in veiling it by shaping popular consciousness through its hegemony over popular media. Chomsky argues that the US has been preparing the ground for human rights’ violations by the use of ‘Propaganda Model’ which ‘filters’ reality in such a way as to give the ‘news’ that is perverted to serve the needs of the ruling elite. For instance, in many of the ‘news’ reports the weapons of mass destruction used by the US are attributed human traits while the citizens of the enemy nation are presented as nameless “aggressors” or “terrorists”. The relevance of the paper rests on working out the implications of Chomsky’s perspectives on the use of media by the US to serve its propagandist model and the implications of such tendencies to nations like India. The paper also tries to work out the possible way out of this impasse. Keywords: Culture of terrorism, human rights, media, propaganda model, US imperialism

scholarly journals Political Preferences of QCA Methods Institutes? A Comment on the Availability and Gender Gap Disparity Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Dawid Tatarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In this research note, I examine a set of two interrelated questions about the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methods institutes. First, I assembled and analyzed a novel dataset that tracks every QCA related training worldwide from 2002 to 2018. My examination finds that although QCA trainings are becoming more popular in Europe, the US is still the single most frequent host country for such events. Secondly, I examine the extent to which gender gap exists among QCA instructors. My findings show that female QCA instructors are severely under-represented, which likely limits their academic and professional opportunities. Thus, the QCA research community appears to be marked by the same structural challenges to diversity and gender equality as other areas of political science. Overall, this paper should of interest to scholars interested in the impact of academic infrastructures on future research trajectories as well as those concerned about gender equality in academia.

scholarly journals Legal Politic of Gender Responsive Election System (A Concept)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Ristina Yudhanti ◽  
Adi Sulistiyono ◽  
Isharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The State ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Future ◽  
Election System ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The discourse of obligation that female has representatives in politics continuously occurred by the agreement of equal position between male and female. This discourse must be implemented by the state to achieve national purpose as decided by substance and the various instrument by the constitution. By fair and gender equality, so the state is obligated to give protection for implementing gender equality including particular actions involving access, participation, control in development process and equal as well as fair benefit between female and male to gender-based approach. The legal political policy of general election in the future is to fulfill Affirmative Action policy by 30% quota for woman in the general election system in Indonesia. It has to prioritize several factors which are the change of general election system, the political party, and the political culture approach in Indonesia. It is needed the Political will of a political party as an executor to implement Affirmative Action as well as to realize gender equality in a political position in Indonesia. It is expected that regulation formulating policy of general election and political party in the future is not only focused on normative policy but also balanced by sanction policy.

scholarly journals Lay Theories Guide Mental Representation of Emerging Social Groups: Gender Essentialism and Stereotypes of Transgender Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie McDaniel Gallagher ◽  
Galen Von Bodenhausen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Gender Essentialism ◽  
Final Study ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Social category systems – such as nationality, class, and gender – are constantly shifting. How are emergent social groups, which had previously not been societally recognized, mentally represented alongside more established groups? The growing visibility of transgender women and men in the US is an opportunity to observe this sort of cultural shift. Across three diverse methods of stereotype measurement, we assessed characteristics associated with transgender women and men and compared them to the stereotypes of their more traditional (cisgender) counterparts. In our final study, we directly assessed how people mentally position transgender groups relative to culturally well-established cisgender groups. Across these four studies, we show that mental representations of emergent gender groups are highly idiosyncratic, such that some participants extended same-gender-identity stereotypes to transgender groups (e.g., stereotyping transgender women as feminine), while others extended same-sex-assigned-at-birth stereotypes to transgender groups (e.g., stereotyping transgender women as masculine). Moreover, these differences were substantially explained by endorsement of gender essentialist beliefs.

scholarly journals Propaganda Model in the Age of Social Media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triyono Lukmantoro ◽  
Heru Nugroho ◽  
Budiawan .
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Propaganda Model ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Internet Presence ◽  
The Mass Media

In 1988, appeared Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media written by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky. The propaganda model put forward in the book is so influential then gets many responses. The propaganda model is based on years of study that describes how the mass media in the US organize backing for particular interests that dictate state and private actions. In support of these interests, the propaganda model shows it in five filters, namely: (1) scope, converged ownership, owner prosperity, and revenue direction of leading corporation of the mass media; (2) advertising as the foremost foundation of profit of the mass media; (3) media reliance on data delivered by administration, companies and ”experts” supported and favored by main informants and representatives of power; (4) ”flak” as a method to punish the media; and (5) ”anticommunism” as a domestic belief and regulator instrument. At the present time, the propaganda model, which puts mainstream mass media as the main institution of information dissemination, is questionable to its ability. Technologically the internet presence allows for rapid development of social media that provides excellent opportunities for netizens to engage in interactivity and participatory culture. It can be seen in the phenomenon of sending and exchanging messages with a variety of content that can not be controlled by the state or mainstream media companies.

scholarly journals Gender equality in science - equal opportunities and special measures in legal regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
Marijana Pajvancic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

The text focuses on researching the sources that define public policies and those that form the legal framework within which there are (or are not) equal opportunities for women and men to exercise their rights under equal conditions, including the right to engage in scientific work. Documents (strategies and action plans) in the fields of education, science, gender equality and non-discrimination are the subject of attention. The research is also supported by legal regulations that positivise public policies through binding norms, which include international legal sources containing human rights and gender equality standards in the field of scientific work, as well as domestic legislation (Constitution and laws). The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia in its basic principles guarantees the equality of women and men and obliges the state to pursue a policy of equal opportunities and take special measures in order to achieve in practice the gender equality proclaimed by the Constitution. Our question is whether the state fulfils this constitutional obligation, whether it pursues a policy of equal opportunities in the field of science, whether it takes special measures as instruments for conducting a policy of equal opportunities, whether any special measures which are undertaken are sufficient and what effect they have.

The State and Gender Equality

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Leibfried ◽  
Evelyne Huber ◽  
Matthew Lange ◽  
Jonah D. Levy ◽  
John D. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
The State ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Wartime Propaganda and Gender in Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Scorched Earth: A Dissident Reading

Text Matters ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 460-476
Author(s):  
Ramin Farhadi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
The State ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

The Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) has been the subject of many aesthetic productions in contemporary Persian literature. The Iranian mass media during the war with Iraq described the armed conflict as holy and masculine, and propagated the replacement of the word “war” with “sacred defense” to urge authors to write within this established framework and reflect the ideals of the State. Opposed to such an ideological view of the war, the prominent Iranian novelist Ahmad Mahmoud began to express dissent in his works of fiction such as The Scorched Earth (1982). This study, therefore, analyzes Mahmoud’s scope of dissidence toward wartime propaganda and gender in the above mentioned novel to articulate how Mahmoud raises important questions regarding the State’s view of war and the established gender norms in Iran at war. It uses cultural materialist dissident reading and textual analysis to study Mahmoud’s contempt for wartime propaganda through the text’s portrayal of desperate people in Khorramshahr in the southwest of Iran caught between Iraqi airstrikes and artillery fires, and domestic problems including inflation, looting and mismanagement.

Conflictual Identities: The State and Feminist Women in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Hawwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
Hamideh Sedghi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
The State ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
One Million Signatures Campaign

Abstract This study explores the tensions between the state and women’s efforts to construct an alternative vision of gender equality and feminism. The experiences of the One Million Signatures Campaign for the Repeal of Discriminatory Laws offer new perspectives on women’s struggles to carve out their own space and place in society. But how and why does the state construct and reproduce patriarchal norms and practices? Conversely, how do women, specifically feminists, address and engage the state in their attempts to form their own feminist rights and gender identities? Although it is important to understand that both the state and women draw on their own political and cultural preferences, I argue that constructing feminist identities is often an uphill battle, as women encounter resistance from the state that is not gender neutral and is patriarchal.

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