Myxomatous mitral valve disease in Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers: 134 cases (2007–2016)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To characterize features of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers. ANIMALS 69 Miniature Schnauzers and 65 Yorkshire Terriers, each with MMVD. PROCEDURES Medical record data for each dog were collected; the study period was January 2007 through December 2016. If available, radiographic data were evaluated, and a vertebral heart scale score was assigned for each dog. Statistical analysis was performed with Student t and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Compared with Yorkshire Terriers, the prevalence of MMVD was significantly higher in Miniature Schnauzers and affected dogs were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis. Miniature Schnauzers were significantly more likely to have mitral valve prolapse and syncope, compared with Yorkshire Terriers. Yorkshire Terriers were significantly more likely to have coughing and have had previous or current treatment with cardiac medications, compared with Miniature Schnauzers. There was no statistical difference between breeds with regard to abnormally high vertebral heart scale scores or radiographic evidence of congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE With regard to MMVD, features of the disease among Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers were similar, but there were also a few discernable differences between these 2 breeds and from historical findings for dogs with MMVD of other breeds. Clinical signs at the time of diagnosis differed between the 2 breeds, which may have reflected concurrent breed-specific conditions (sick sinus syndrome or airway disease [eg, tracheal collapse]). Future work should include prospective studies to provide additional information regarding the natural progression of MMVD in these dog breeds.

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Use of discriminant analysis based on echocardiography for classification of congestive heart failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-6800 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 1727-1734

Author(s):

A.C. Silva ◽

R.A.L. Muzzi ◽

L.A.L. Muzzi ◽

D.F. Ferreira ◽

G. Oberlender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Surface Area ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Aortic Diameter ◽

Mathematical Tool

Mixomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common cardiac abnormalities in dogs and humans that can lead to cardiac heart failure (CHF). Its diagnosis remains based on echocardiography and clinical signs. However, the early diagnose of MMVD can contribute to a better prognosis and avoid CHF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD in combination with a statistical model as a mathematical tool. For this purpose, dogs were divided into three groups (healthy; MMVD without CHF; and MMVD with CHF), according the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation findings. Thus, linear discriminant functions were obtained by analyzing the variables weight, body surface area, aortic diameter, the ratio of the left atrium/aortic diameter, the ratio between the mitral regurgitation jet area and the left atrial area, vena contracta diameter and mitral valve proximal isovelocity surface area. Then, mathematical equations were established for each group of dogs. Statistical functions obtained in this study enabled to classify the dogs, regarding the presence of CHF with a probability of correct classification of 90.4%. Thus the statistical model demonstrated that it could be used as an auxiliary method for identifying CHF in dogs with MMVD.

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Benazepril and mitral valve disease without clinical signs

Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.asams.2008.11.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 3-4

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Valve Disease

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Transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood nucleated cells in dogs with and without clinical signs of chronic mitral valve disease

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/bvip-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 135-140

Author(s):

Magdalena Garncarz ◽

Magdalena Hulanicka ◽

Marta Parzeniecka-Jaworska ◽

Jacek Garncarz ◽

Michał Jank

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Status ◽

Healthy Dogs

Abstract The aim of the study was to demonstrate differences in the gene expression of signalling pathways between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease in different heart failure groups. Blood samples were collected from 49 dogs of various breeds between 1.4 and 15.2 years of age. Isolated RNA samples were analysed for quality and integrity and the gene expression profile was determined. The study demonstrated that nucleated cells from peripheral blood can be used to assess the status of heart failure in dogs. Furthermore, significant differences in the expression of the genes were noticed between healthy dogs and dogs with clinical signs of chronic mitral valve disease. This is a preliminary non-invasive study showing the feasibility of genetic testing from peripheral blood nucleated cells, which at the same time has made it possible to set the future directions of genetic studies in clinical cases of canine chronic mitral valve disease.

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Classification of sinus rhythm single potential morphology in patients with mitral valve disease

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euaa130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 1509-1519

Author(s):

Mathijs S van Schie ◽

Roeliene Starreveld ◽

Maarten C Roos-Serote ◽

Yannick J H J Taverne ◽

Frank R N van Schaagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Wave Amplitude ◽

Valve Disease ◽

S Wave ◽

S Waves ◽

Additional Information ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims The morphology of unipolar single potentials (SPs) contains information on intra-atrial conduction disorders and possibly the substrate underlying atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the impact of AF episodes on features of SP morphology during sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with mitral valve disease. Methods and results Intraoperative epicardial mapping (interelectrode distance 2 mm) of the right and left atrium (RA, LA), Bachmann’s bundle (BB), and pulmonary vein area (PVA) was performed in 67 patients (27 male, 67 ± 11 years) with or without a history of paroxysmal AF (PAF). Unipolar SPs were classified according to their differences in relative R- and S-wave amplitude ratios. A clear predominance of S-waves was observed at BB and the RA in both the no AF and PAF groups (BB 88.8% vs. 85.9%, RA 92.1% vs. 85.1%, respectively). Potential voltages at the RA, BB, and PVA were significantly lower in the PAF group (P < 0.001 for each) and were mainly determined by the size of the S-waves amplitudes. The largest difference in S-wave amplitudes was found at BB; the S-wave amplitude was lower in the PAF group [4.08 (2.45–6.13) mV vs. 2.94 (1.40–4.75) mV; P < 0.001]. In addition, conduction velocity (CV) at BB was lower as well [0.97 (0.70–1.21) m/s vs. 0.89 (0.62–1.16) m/s, P < 0.001]. Conclusion Though excitation of the atria during SR is heterogeneously disrupted, a history of AF is characterized by decreased SP amplitudes at BB due to loss of S-wave amplitudes and decreased CV. This suggests that SP morphology could provide additional information on wavefront propagation.

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Multiple retrospective analysis of survival and evaluation of cardiac death predictors in a population of dogs affected by degenerative mitral valve disease in ACVIM class C treated with different therapeutic protocols

10.1101/2020.01.13.904102 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mara Bagardi ◽

Chiara Locatelli ◽

Annamaria Zanaboni ◽

Alberto Galizzi ◽

Dario Malchiodi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Survival Times ◽

Therapeutic Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clinical Records

AbstractClinical records of dogs with spontaneous degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with clinical signs related to congestive heart failure (CHF) that had been recruited during routine clinical practice, between 2001 and 2018 at the Cardiology Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (University of Milan) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Baseline echocardiographic data were evaluated. Median survival times (MSTs) were calculated. Data on therapeutic treatment, ISACHC or ACVIM classes were reviewed based on the inclusion period and type of endpoint (i.e. cardiac death or death for other causes). The main goal of this data review was to retrospectively evaluate 259 clinical records of subjects belonging to ACVIM C class examined between 2001 to 2018 together with the 202 examined between 2010 to 2018. The MSTs of these subjects was 531 d (2001-2018) and 335.5 d (2010-2018), respectively. Univariate survival regression analysis for subjects included from 2010 to 2018 showed the following variables as being significantly related to cardiac death (CD): LA/Ao ratio (HR 2.754, p=0.000), E wave (HR 2.961, p=0.000), E/A ratio (HR 1.372, p=0.000), EDVI (HR 1.007, p=0.000), ESVI (HR 1.012, p=0.026), Allo(d) (HR 4.018, p=0.000) and Allo(s) (HR 2.674, p=0.049), age (HR 1.006, p=0.009) and PH severity (HR=1.309, p=0.012). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, showed that the only variable that determined a statistically significant difference in MST was PH severity (HR 1.334, p=0.033). The type of therapeutic treatment within this class was not significant for the MST of the subjects.

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