Use of somatic cell counts and California mastitis test results from individual quarter milk samples to detect subclinical intramammary infection in dairy cattle from a herd with a high bulk tank somatic cell count

2004 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Middleton ◽  
David Hardin ◽  
Barry Steevens ◽  
Richard Randle ◽  
Jeff W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
High Bulk

scholarly journals Effect of intramammary infection in Bergamasca meat sheep on milk parameters and lamb growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Moroni ◽  
Giuliano Pisoni ◽  
Giorgio Varisco ◽  
Paul Boettcher
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Meat Sheep

Pooled milk samples from 115 Bergamasca meat sheep were collected aseptically five times from lambing to weaning to determine the prevalence of intramammary infection, somatic cell counts and milk quality parameters (protein, fat and lactose), and effects of infection on lamb weight gain. The global prevalence of subclinical intramammary infection was 51·2%. The Staphylococcus genus was responsible for the greatest prevalence (53·3% among infected udders). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 8·4% of infected milk samples. Infection status had significant effects on fat and protein percentage and on somatic cell count. Lamb growth was greatest for lambs of ewes with no infection and decreased as the number of infected samples increased. No significant differences were detected in the growth of lambs with dams infected by different bacterial species.

Use of Total and Differential Somatic Cell Counts to Differentiate Potentially Infected from Potentially Non-infected Quarters and Cows and Between Herds of Various Levels of Infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. MEEK ◽  
D. A. BARNUM ◽  
F. H. S. NEWBOULD
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this study was to ascertain the value of variables measured on bulk tank and composite milk samples as predictors, respectively, of the level of mastitis in herds and individual cows. The standard of comparison was the results obtained by bacteriological examination of the secretion from individual mammary quarters. It was found, whether sampling at the herd or cow level, that of the three variables measured on each sample, namely somatic cell count, percentage of cell volume in channel 8 (includes cells with individual volumes from 89.2 to 178.3 μm3) and presence or absence of Streptococcus agalactiae, that the ability of the first two variables to discriminate (predict) was not significantly improved by the inclusion of the latter variable. Using values for the former two variables as measured on bulk tank milk and collected at the time of quarter sampling, it was possible to correctly classify 45.5% of the study herds into one of the three quarter infection rate categories considered, namely, < 10, 10–25 or > 25%. The percentage of herds correctly classified was increased to over 80% by inclusion of five monthly counts recorded previous to the time of quarter sampling. Using the same two variables but measured on composite milk samples, 79.4% of cows were correctly classified as being either positive or negative when a positive cow was defined as one having at least one positive quarter. The overall percentage of cows correctly classified decreased from 79.4 to 77.9% when an attempt was made to distinguish between negative cows and cows with one positive quarter. However, this overall percentage progressively increased to 92.7% as the definition of a positive cow was changed from one having one positive quarter to one having two, three or four positive quarters. The procedure shows promise for monitoring the level of mastitis infection in either dairy herds or cows but requires further refinement before consideration could be given to its implementation.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

Collaborative Study to Determine Effects of Milk Composition on Somatic Cell Counts

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HOGAN ◽  
K. LARRY SMITH ◽  
D. A. TODHUNTER ◽  
P. S. SCHOENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

Quarter, composite, and bulk tank milk samples were analyzed in a three laboratory collaborative study to determine the relationship of milk fat and protein content with milk somatic cell counts. Milk somatic cell counts were determined by two Coulter counters, a Fossomatic counter, and by direct microscopic somatic cell counting. In general, variability among somatic cell counts measured by different procedures was not related to protein or fat content of milk. The greatest percentage of variation between counts that could be explained by fat content of milk was 20.2% between a Coulter and direct microscopic somatic cell counts. The greatest percentage of variation between counts that could be explained by protein content of samples was 12.9% between a Coulter and Fossomatic counts. Breed of cow from which samples were collected also had little influence on differences among milk somatic cell counts. Differences among milk somatic cell counts due to counting methods did vary among quarter, composite, and bulk tank milk samples.

Somatic cell counts in relation to infection status of the goat udder

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Kalogridou-Vassiliadou ◽  
Konstantinos Manolkidis ◽  
Afrodite Tsigoida
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Major Pathogens

SummaryBacteriological analyses, cell counts using the Fossomatic method and California Mastitis Test were performed on 1523 goat milk samples taken aseptically at monthly intervals throughout lactation from three goat herds. Of the goat udders, 81·4% were infected, minor pathogens being the most frequent isolates (65·7%). Differences in the level of infection by minor pathogens were found betwccn herds. Cell counts were influenced by stage of lactation and intramammary infection. Cell counts < 106 cells/ml were found in 80% of milk samples infected by major pathogens and in 45% infected by minor pathogens. About 81% of udders infected with major pathogens gave California Mastitis Test scores of 2 and 3, compared with 20% for uninfected goats. A high proportion (65%) of udders infected with minor pathogens also produced scores of 2 and 3. A significant positive correlation was found between the California Mastitis Test and cell counts. The use of cell counts for the detection of abnormal goat milk is discussed.

Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheese Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Hui Ping Liu ◽  
Feng Ru Wei ◽  
Yong Hua Wei ◽  
Jin Dong ◽  
Chun Ling Cao
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Cell Counts

Milk samples with low (L-SCC, 130,000/ml), medium (M-SCC, 1,040,000/ml) and high(H-SCC, 3,120,000/ml) Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) were obtained from a dairy farm. In order to evaluate the quality’s changes of Low-fat mozzarella cheese with different SCC during ripening period, the change of texture properties, microstructure were measured. With the increase of somatic cells in milk, the structure of the cheese became worse.

scholarly journals Bulk tank milk somatic cell count and sources of raw milk contamination with mastitis pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rysanek ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
M. Zouharova
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The objective of this study was to probe the relationship between prevalence of selected principal mastitis pathogens and somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples. The sources of milk contamination were evaluated. The samples were collected from 298 dairy herds (with approximately 32 000 dairy cows). Only 48.3% of the bulk tank milk samples were free of contamination of pathogens of interest. Approximately 38.9% of the milk samples were contaminated with only one, 12.4% with two and 0.3% with three pathogens. The arithmetic mean of logarithmically transformed data of bulk tank milk somatic cell count rise in order: pathogen free, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Streptococcus uberis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (5.381; 5.413; 5.495; 5.518; 5.563, respectively). The arithmetic mean differences between bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in pathogen-free and single-pathogen contaminated samples have revealed a significance for the <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Using binary logistic regression, a statistically highly significant relationship (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) has been found between the number of contaminations of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts. The relationship allows the determination of the probability of finding relevant mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk samples with different levels of bulk tank milk SCC. A 63% probability can be defined at a cell count level of 400 000/ml and 20% at a cell count level of 100 000/ml. Analysis may reveal the potential sources of the bulk tank milk sample contamination, i.e. infected mammary glands or the environment. The presence of high levels of contamination along with a low bulk tank SCC may suggest an environmental source of contamination. The study clarified that a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination by relevant pathogens (the environment or the mammary gland) may be elucidated and the probability of the contamination of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens predicted by the analysis of relationship between the bulk tank milk somatic cell counts and the number of mastitis pathogen contaminations.

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