The Role of Descriptive Norm within the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Korean Americans' Exercise Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Descriptive Norm ◽  
Injunctive Norm

There are few studies investigating psychosocial mechanisms in Korean Americans' exercise behavior. The present study tested the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean American's exercise behavior and whether the descriptive norm (i.e., perceptions of what others do) improved the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. Using a retrospective design and self-report measures, web-survey responses from 198 Korean-American adults were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The theory of planned behavior constructs accounted for 31% of exercise behavior and 43% of exercise intention. Intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of exercise behavior. Although the descriptive norm did not augment the theory of planned behavior, all original constructs—attitude, injunctive norm (a narrow definition of subjective norm), and perceived behavioral control—statistically significantly predicted leisure-time physical activity intention. Future studies should consider random sampling, prospective design, and objective measures of physical activity.

The Theory of Planned Behavior and Physical Activity Change: Outcomes of the Aging Well and Healthily Intervention Program for Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elske Stolte ◽  
Marijke Hopman-Rock ◽  
Marja J. Aartsen ◽  
Theo G. van Tilburg ◽  
Astrid Chorus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Aging Well

The predictive value of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on intention and physical activity (PA) over time was examined. Data from the Aging Well and Healthily intervention program (targeting perceived behavioral control and attitude, not subjective norm) were analyzed, including pretest (T0), posttest (T1, except subjective norm) and 4–6 months follow-up (T2, PA outcomes only) (N = 387, M age 72 years). Structural equation modeling was used to test a TPB model. PA was measured subjectively using the Voorrips sports subscale (T0 and T2), items measured perceived increase in PA (T1), and adherence to exercises (T1 and T2). Model fit was good. The TPB explained variation in intention well (R2 .54–.60) and some PA behavior (R2 .13–.16). The intervention successfully got participants to exercise independent of the measured TPB concepts. More TPB studies in the context of interventions are needed.

Prediction of Physical Activity Intention from Social Psychological Variables: Results from the Campbell's Survey of Weil-Being

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Waekel ◽  
W. Kerry Mummery ◽  
Thomas Stephens ◽  
Cora L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Relative Utility

The purpose of the study was to investigate the utility of various social-psychological variables for predicting intentions to engage in physical activity within a national population. More specifically, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived social support measures were utilized to provide modified operationalizations of the theories of planned behavior and reasoned action in order to assess their relative utility for predicting physical activity intentions. Data from the Campbell's Survey of the Weil-Being of Canadians enabled the assessment of the predictive efficacy of the two models in the overall population, as well as in various population subgroups. The theory of planned behavior was found to account for a substantially greater percentage of the behavior intention variance (31%) than did the theory of reasoned action (15%). Further, the study provides some support for the utility of the theory of planned behavior for understanding the activity intentions of different population groups.

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Physical Activity: The Moderating Role of Mental Toughness

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hannan ◽  
Robyn L. Moffitt ◽  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Patrick R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Toughness Index

This study explored whether mental toughness, the capacity to maintain performance under pressure, moderated the relation between physical activity intentions and subsequent behavior. Participants (N = 117) completed the Mental Toughness Index and a theory of planned behavior questionnaire. Seven days later, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained substantial variance (63.1%) in physical activity intentions. Intentions also significantly predicted physical activity behavior. The simple slopes analyses for the moderation effect revealed a nonsignificant intention–behavior relation at low levels of mental toughness. However, intentions were significantly and positively related to physical activity when mental toughness was moderate or high, suggesting that the development of a mentally tough mindset may reduce the gap between behavior and physical activity intention. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and apply them in the design of mental toughness interventions to facilitate physical activity engagement.

scholarly journals Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Javier Francisco Boyas ◽  
Jana L. Woodiwiss ◽  
Vinayak K. Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Day Laborers ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Latino Day Laborers

Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB’s usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.

scholarly journals Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Physical Activity of Children: Probing Gender Differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control

Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the association between TPB variables and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of children in Shanghai, China. Gender differences were also explored.Methods. The participants were 353 children (180 boys and 173 girls) aged 9 to 13 years from three primary schools in Shanghai. Accelerometers were used to measure the MVPA duration of the children. Questionnaires that focused on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) related to MVPA engagement were completed by the participants.Results. Regression analyses revealed that intention, and not PBC, accounted for 9% of the variance in MVPA. Meanwhile, attitude and PBC explained 33% of the variance in intentions to engage in MVPA. In terms of gender differences, TPB performed better in the physical activity (PA) domain for boys than for girls. Furthermore, attitude and PBC were significantly associated with intention among boys, whereas only PBC was significantly related to intention among girls.Conclusion. Practitioners should consider tailoring intervention to address gender differences to increase leisure-time PA participation of children.

Application of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to Exercise Behavior: A Meta-Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hausenblas ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Diane E. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control

The primary purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to statistically examine the utility of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for the explanation and prediction of exercise behavior. The results showed that the effect size for the relationships (a) between intention and exercise behavior, attitude and intention, attitude and exercise behavior, perceived behavioral control and intention, and perceived behavioral control and exercise behavior was large; (b) between subjective norm and intention was moderate; and (c) between subjective norm and exercise behavior was zero-order. The results also supported the conclusions that (a) TPB is superior to TRA in accounting for exercise behavior, (b) there is no differences in the ability to predict exercise behavior from proximal and distal measures of intention, and (c) expectation is a better predictor of exercise behavior than intention.

Predicting Vigorous Physical Activity of Corporate Employees: Comparing the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kimiecik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of the present study was to compare the utility of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in predicting the exercise intentions and behavior of corporate employees. Corporate employees (/7=332) who completed two questionnaires served as subjects. The first questionnaire assessed intentions, subjective norm, attitude, and perceived control with respect to participating in regular, vigorous physical activity. Participants also completed a follow-up questionnaire 4 weeks later that assessed self-reported frequency of vigorous physical activity during those 4 weeks. Hierarchical-regression analyses indicated that perceived behavioral control (the critical variable in the theory of planned behavior) accounted for a significant portion of the variance in intentions and self-reported exercise behavior, above that accounted for by reasoned action. These results lend support to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, which suggests that individuals' perceptions of control are most important when attempting behaviors that are not completely under volitional control.

How to Motivate Childcare Workers to Engage Preschoolers in Physical Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Gagné ◽  
Isabelle Harnois
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Moral Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Childcare Workers ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background:Data available indicate that numerous childcare workers are not strongly motivated to engage children aged 3–5 in physical activity. Using the theory of planned behavior as the main theoretical framework, this study has 2 objectives: to identify the determinants of the intention of childcare workers to engage preschoolers in physical activity and to identify the variables that could be used to develop an intervention to motivate childcare workers to support preschoolers’ physical activity.Methods:174 childcare workers from 60 childcare centers selected at random in 2 regions of Quebec completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing the constructs of the theory of planned behavior as well as past behavior, descriptive norm and moral norm.Results:Moral norm, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm explained 85% of the variance in intention to engage the children in physical activity.Conclusions:To motivate childcare workers, it is necessary that they perceive that directors, children’s parents and coworkers approve of their involvement in children’s physical activity. In addition, their ability to overcome perceived barriers (lack of time, loaded schedule, inclement weather) should be developed. Access to a large outdoor yard might also help motivate childcare workers.

The Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting Teachers’ Intentions and Behavior during Fitness Testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Stewart Stanec
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Fitness Tests

The twofold purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that assessed teachers’ intentions, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control to administer fitness tests effectively, and to determine how well the instrument could predict teachers’ intentions and actual behavior based on Ajzen’s (1985, 1991) theory of planned behavior. In the development phase of the study, 104 physical educators completed the pilot version of the survey to refine the instrument. In the prediction of behavior phase of the study, a convenience sample of 195 physical educators completed (a) the Teachers’ Intentions to Administer Physical Fitness Tests Effectively (TIAPFTE) before fitness testing and (b) a behavior self-report after they administered fitness testing. Standard multiple regression analyses showed perceived behavioral control and attitude significantly predicted intention. Furthermore, results showed that attitude significantly predicted teachers’ behavior directly.

scholarly journals Testing a Model of Physical Activity Among Mothers and Fathers of Young Children: Integrating Self-Determined Motivation, Planning, and the Theory of Planned Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Hamilton ◽  
Stephen Cox ◽  
Katherine M. White
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parental Physical Activity

Parents are at risk for inactivity; however, research into understanding parental physical activity (PA) is scarce. We integrated self-determined motivation, planning, and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to better understand parental PA. Parents (252 mothers, 206 fathers) completed a main questionnaire assessing measures underpinning these constructs and a 1-week follow-up of PA behavior to examine whether self-determined motivation indirectly influenced intention via the TPB variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) and intention indirectly influenced behavior via planning. We found self-determined motivation on intention was fully mediated by the TPB variables and intention on behavior was partially mediated by the planning variables. In addition, slight differences in the model’s paths between the sexes were revealed. The results illustrate the range of important determinants of parental PA and provide support for the integrated model in explaining PA decision making as well as the importance of examining sex differences.

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